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The Legal System 
THE ORIGINS OF U.S. LAW 
The United States legal system is derived from the complex structure of laws created in 
England, called Common Law. The English legal system reflects the central theory that land is 
the most important commodity. Judges were taught to rule based on holdings of previous 
cases, called precedent or state decisions. This provided predictability within the system, 
and the the accumulation of precedent is what we refer to as common law. 
In framing our laws, the Founding Fathers took English Common Law and expanded 
individual rights to form a national central government. However, individual states maintain 
control in many areas. Expanding individuals’ rights was central to the U.S. system of 
government and laws; in fact, there are many rights guaranteed to individuals with which the 
government cannot interfere. As a result, the U.S. legal system is complex and multi-layered. 
Let’s examine the various sources of law.
Sources of Law 
Laws come from many different sources that work together and integrate with one another. 
Let’s examine the different sources of law. 
U.S. CONSTITUTION: The preeminent authority in the United States 
STATUTES: derived from legislature 
and cannot violate the Constitution. 
Ex. Affordable Care Act (“Obamacare”) 
COMMON LAW COURTS: judges 
make law based on precedent; statutes 
can override common law. 
Ex. The Right to Self-Defense 
COURT ORDERS: directives from 
common law courts enforcing their 
decisions. 
Ex. domestic violence restraining order. 
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: derived from 
statutes and formulated by administrative 
agencies. 
Ex. Health and Human Services 
regulations for enrollment under the 
Affordable Care Act 
TREATIES: Regulates international 
relationships it is a product of the 
Executive Branch (President) and 
U.S. Congress-authorized by the U.S. 
Constitution. 
Ex. North American Free Trade 
Agreement (NAFTA) 
INTERNATIONAL LAW: 
provides a framework for international 
relations, governance by consent of 
international members (not obligated 
to abide unless specifically consents 
to do so). 
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES: 
direct and supervise the implementation 
of particular legislative acts. 
Ex. The Department of Health and 
Human Services administers the 
Affordable Care Act
The U.S. Constitution and Branches of Government 
The Constitution is the the “supreme” law of the land. Any law that conflicts with the Constitution is void. 
The Constitution provides the structure for the branches of government: the executive branch, the 
legislative branch and the judicial branch. This provides a system of “checks and balance,” where each 
branch has some measure of power over the other two branches and no branch has sole or exclusive 
power. It allows for fundamental rights which are the ultimate rights of the individual. 
EXECUTIVE BRANCH 
Has authority to enforce and 
implement laws 
President 
Vice President 
Cabinet members 
(Administrative agency 
heads, e.g., Secretary 
of Health and Human 
Services) 
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 
Creates new laws (e.g. 
Affordable Care Act) 
Congress 
Senate 
House of 
Representatives 
JUDICIAL BRANCH 
Interprets laws and determines 
their validity 
U.S. Supreme Court 
Federal Circuit Courts 
Federal District 
Courts

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Mls1 1

  • 1. MLS1_1 MLS 1, Node 1 NUOnline: 1.2-1.4
  • 2. The Legal System THE ORIGINS OF U.S. LAW The United States legal system is derived from the complex structure of laws created in England, called Common Law. The English legal system reflects the central theory that land is the most important commodity. Judges were taught to rule based on holdings of previous cases, called precedent or state decisions. This provided predictability within the system, and the the accumulation of precedent is what we refer to as common law. In framing our laws, the Founding Fathers took English Common Law and expanded individual rights to form a national central government. However, individual states maintain control in many areas. Expanding individuals’ rights was central to the U.S. system of government and laws; in fact, there are many rights guaranteed to individuals with which the government cannot interfere. As a result, the U.S. legal system is complex and multi-layered. Let’s examine the various sources of law.
  • 3. Sources of Law Laws come from many different sources that work together and integrate with one another. Let’s examine the different sources of law. U.S. CONSTITUTION: The preeminent authority in the United States STATUTES: derived from legislature and cannot violate the Constitution. Ex. Affordable Care Act (“Obamacare”) COMMON LAW COURTS: judges make law based on precedent; statutes can override common law. Ex. The Right to Self-Defense COURT ORDERS: directives from common law courts enforcing their decisions. Ex. domestic violence restraining order. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: derived from statutes and formulated by administrative agencies. Ex. Health and Human Services regulations for enrollment under the Affordable Care Act TREATIES: Regulates international relationships it is a product of the Executive Branch (President) and U.S. Congress-authorized by the U.S. Constitution. Ex. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) INTERNATIONAL LAW: provides a framework for international relations, governance by consent of international members (not obligated to abide unless specifically consents to do so). ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES: direct and supervise the implementation of particular legislative acts. Ex. The Department of Health and Human Services administers the Affordable Care Act
  • 4. The U.S. Constitution and Branches of Government The Constitution is the the “supreme” law of the land. Any law that conflicts with the Constitution is void. The Constitution provides the structure for the branches of government: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch. This provides a system of “checks and balance,” where each branch has some measure of power over the other two branches and no branch has sole or exclusive power. It allows for fundamental rights which are the ultimate rights of the individual. EXECUTIVE BRANCH Has authority to enforce and implement laws President Vice President Cabinet members (Administrative agency heads, e.g., Secretary of Health and Human Services) LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Creates new laws (e.g. Affordable Care Act) Congress Senate House of Representatives JUDICIAL BRANCH Interprets laws and determines their validity U.S. Supreme Court Federal Circuit Courts Federal District Courts

Hinweis der Redaktion

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