PHP projects beyond the LAMP stack
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"PHP projects beyond the LAMP stack" by Thijs Feryn For people in open source, LAMP is a very common acronym. But as your site or application gets more popular, you'll notice that your stack needs more than just Apache, MySQL and just PHP: there are more pieces to the puzzle. This talk will feature a bunch of "new" components that are used by modern day applications at scale. Components like: Nginx, Varnish, ElasticSearch, Redis, RabbitMQ, NodeJS, Go, HHVM and many more. The end goal is to assemble a proof of concept that is fast, scalable, highly available and modular. We'll still use PHP, but only where it makes sense.
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PHP projects beyond the LAMP stack
- 1. projects Beyond the LAMP stack By Thijs Feryn PHP
- 6. LAMP Stack?
- 7. CPU memory I/O PHP consumes lots of
- 8. FasterPHP
- 12. Offloading
- 14. Caching
- 18. Varnish
- 19. Reverse proxy User Varnish Server Proxy in the data center
- 20. ✓ Varnish Configuration Language ✓ Edge Side Include support ✓ Gzip compression/decompression ✓ Cache purging ✓ HTTP streaming ✓ Grace mode ✓ Configure backends ✓ Backend loadbalancing ✓ ACL protection ✓ VMODs in C Varnish
- 21. Extend the default behavior in VCL
- 22. ✓Strip tracking cookies (Google Analytics, …) ✓Sanitize URL ✓URL whitelist/blacklist ✓PURGE ACLs ✓Edge Side Include rules ✓Alway cache static files ✓Extend hash keys ✓Override TTL ✓Define grace mode What to extend?
- 23. vcl 4.0; import std; acl purge { "127.0.0.1" } backend default { .host = "176.62.160.59"; .port = "80"; .connect_timeout = 600s; .first_byte_timeout = 600s; .between_bytes_timeout = 600s; } sub vcl_recv { if (req.http.Authorization) { return (pass); } if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { unset req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } if (req.method == "PURGE") { if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
- 26. RespectHTTP
- 27. Cache-control: public, max- age=3600, s-maxage=7200 Cache-control: no-cache, no- store VS
- 28. Cookies?
- 29. State
- 32. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>The Demo</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <script src=“/js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top"> <esi:include src=“http://mysite.dev/nav" /> </nav> <div class="jumbotron"> <esi:include src="http://mysite.dev/jumbotron" /> </div> <div class="container"> {% block content %}{% endblock %} <hr> <footer> <esi:include src="http://mysite.dev/footer" /> </footer> </div> </body> </html> ESI tags
- 34. ✓Cache pages and static assets ✓Fastest way ✓Hit rate may vary ✓Chop your content up in pieces ✓Use ESI or AJAX ✓Gateway to your application Where does Varnish fit in?
- 35. You can also host your static files on a separate set of Nginx servers
- 37. CDNs are nothing but a bunch of reverse caching proxies
- 38. Put the content where your user is
- 40. Data is stored for flexibility, not for performance SQL (joins) allow different compositions of the same data
- 43. ✓ Key-value store ✓ Fast ✓ Lightweight ✓ Data stored in RAM ✓ ~Memcached ✓ Data types ✓ Data persistance ✓ Replication ✓ Clustering Redis
- 44. Redis $ redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> ping PONG 127.0.0.1:6379> set mykey somevalue OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey "somevalue
- 45. ✓ Strings ✓ Hashes ✓ Lists ✓ Sets ✓ Sorted sets ✓ Geo ✓ … Redis data types
- 46. Redis $ redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> hset customer_1234 id 1234 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hset customer_1234 items_in_cart 2 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> hmset customer_1234 firstname Thijs lastname Feryn OK 127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall customer_1234 1) "id" 2) "1234" 3) "items_in_cart" 4) "2" 5) "firstname" 6) "Thijs" 7) "lastname" 8) "Feryn" 127.0.0.1:6379>
- 47. $ redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush products_for_customer_1234 5 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush products_for_customer_1234 345 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush products_for_customer_1234 78 12 345 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> llen products_for_customer_1234 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex products_for_customer_1234 1 "12" 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex products_for_customer_1234 2 "78" 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop products_for_customer_1234 "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop products_for_customer_1234 "345" 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop products_for_customer_1234 "78" 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop products_for_customer_1234 "12" 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop products_for_customer_1234 "345" 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop products_for_customer_1234 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379> Redis
- 48. Clustering
- 49. ✓ Database/API cache ✓ PHP session storage ✓ Message queue (lists) ✓ NoSQL database ✓ Real-time data retrieval Where does Redis fit in?
- 51. BUT: MySQL can still remain “source of truth” database
- 53. ✓Full-text search engine ✓Analytics engine ✓NoSQL database ✓Lucene based ✓Built-in clustering, replication, sharding ✓RESTful interface ✓Schemaless ElasticSearch
- 54. POST /my-index {"acknowledged":true} POST/my-index/my-type { "key" : "value", "date" : "2015-05-10", "counter" : 1, "tags" : ["tag1","tag2","tag3"] } { "_index": "my-index", "_type": "my-type", "_id": "AU089olr9oI99a_rK9fi", "_version": 1, "created": true } Confirmation
- 55. GET/my-index/my-type/AU089olr9oI99a_rK9fi?pretty { "_index": "my-index", "_type": "my-type", "_id": "AU089olr9oI99a_rK9fi", "_version": 1, "found": true, "_source": { "key": "value", "date": "2015-05-10", "counter": 1, "tags": [ "tag1", "tag2", "tag3" ] } } Retrieve document by id Document & meta data
- 57. Search
- 58. POST /products/product/_search?pretty { "query": { "match": { "name.raw": "Linen Blazer" } } } POST /products/product/_search?pretty { "query": { "filtered": { "query": { "match_all": {} }, "filter": { "term": { "name": "Linen Blazer" } } } } } Matches 2 products Matches 1 product
- 59. Aggregations
- 60. Group by on steroids
- 61. POST /products/product/_search?pretty { "fields": ["category","price","name"], "query": { "match": { "name.raw": "blazer" } }, "aggs": { "avg_price": { "avg": { "field": "price" } }, "min_price" : { "min": { "field": "price" } }, "max_price" : { "max": { "field": "price" } }, "number_of_products_per_category" : { "terms": { "field": "category", "size": 10 } } } } Multi-group by & query
- 62. "aggregations": { "min_price": { "value": 455 }, "number_of_products_per_category": { "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0, "sum_other_doc_count": 0, "buckets": [ { "key": "Blazers", "doc_count": 2 }, { "key": "Default Category", "doc_count": 2 }, { "key": "Men", "doc_count": 2 } ] }, "max_price": { "value": 490 }, "avg_price": { "value": 472.5 } } Aggregation output
- 63. Clustering
- 64. ✓ Full-text search engine with drill-down search ✓ Human language & text analysis ✓ NoSQL database ✓ Big data analytics tool using Kibana Where does ElasticSearch fit in?
- 67. Workerscripts
- 68. ✓ Uses PHP-CLI ✓ Runs continuously ✓ Process forking ✓ Pthreads ✓ Run worker scripts in parallel ✓ Managed by supervisord Worker scripts
- 69. ✓ Sync MySQL & Redis/ ElasticSearch ✓ Resize images ✓ Async logging & metrics ✓ Other tasks that shouldn’t block the user process Worker scripts
- 70. Messagequeues
- 72. ✓ Pub/sub ✓ Speaks AMQP protocol ✓ Supported by Pivotal ✓ Channels/Exchanges/ Queues ✓ Built-in clustering ✓ Reliable messaging RabbitMQ
- 73. ✓ Take load away from user process ✓ Free up resources on frontend servers ✓ Elaborate messaging strategies ✓ Async event-based actions Where do RabbitMQ/workers fit in?
- 74. But with most of these tools we still go through the PHP runtime …
- 78. ✓ Javascript runtime ✓ Async ✓ Event-driven ✓ Non-blocking I/O ✓ Callbacks ✓ Lightweight ✓ NPM packages ✓ Backend-code in Javascript NodeJS
- 79. const http = require('http'); const hostname = '127.0.0.1'; const port = 1337; http.createServer((req, res) => { res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }); res.end('Hello Worldn'); }).listen(port, hostname, () => { console.log(`Server running at http://${hostname}:${port}/`); });
- 80. Gateway to ElasticSearch, RabbitMQ & Redis
- 82. ✓ Compiled language for the web ✓ Invented by Google ✓ Strictly typed ✓ Feels like your average interpreted language ✓ Async features ✓ Built for systems programming ✓ REALLY fast ✓ Not object oriented Go(lang)
- 83. package main import ( "fmt" "net/http" "goji.io" "goji.io/pat" "golang.org/x/net/context" ) func hello(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { name := pat.Param(ctx, "name") fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %s!", name) } func main() { mux := goji.NewMux() mux.HandleFuncC(pat.Get("/hello/:name"), hello) http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8000", mux) }
- 84. Really fast workers Really fast APIs Could replace PHP workers Could replace NodeJS
- 85. Theendgame
- 86. ✓ Cache pages (Varnish) ✓ Assemble content via ESI or AJAX ✓ Static assets on Nginx or CDN ✓ Business logic in lightweight API calls (NodeJS, Go) ✓ Key-value stores for volatile & real-time data in Redis ✓ ElasticSearch as a NoSQL database ✓ RabbitMQ for async communication ✓ Worker processes read from message queue End game
- 87. Use the right tool for the job
- 88. Use the tools you like