Cyber Security: The Strategic View By: Kah-Kin Ho, Head of Cyber Security Business Development Threat Response, Intelligence and Development (TRIAD) This session begins by giving an overview of how Cisco sees the challenges and opportunities of cyber security for the Government which include areas such as recent development on applicability of International Law to Cyber conflict, the evolving role of the Government as the legitimate security provider, Public-Private Partnership issues, and the evolving technical, social and political threat landscape. Cisco recognizes that cyber security begins at the policy level and translates through to the operational and system level. We will discuss why an intelligence-led network-centric approach that focuses on enforcing policy, enhancing situational awareness, and providing the insight necessary to tackle threats before they impact information and infrastructure assets is key to Cyber Security.

1. © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
Cyber Security:
The Strategic View
Kah-Kin Ho
Head of Cyber Security Business Development
Threat Response, Intelligence and Development (TRIAD)
9th October 2013

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Agenda
 Threat Landscape
 Cisco’s Overall Approach
 Intelligence-led Cyber Defense
 Summary

3. Associated Press Twitter Account Attack
 AP Twitter account hacked
 Perpetrated by the Syrian Electronic Army.
 Same group also successfully
attacked:
60 Minutes
BBC
CBS
NPR

4. AP Twitter Account

5. Dow Jones took a dip …. briefly

6. 20 million compromised end-users X 250 bps upstream bandwidth
= 5 Gbps
DDOS is back ..

7. 1000 compromised datacenter servers X 5Mbps upstream
bandwidth = 5 Gbps

8. 1000 compromised datacenter servers + 20M open DNS resolvers
@25Kbps = 500 Gbps

9. DDoS Attacks on Banks
• Can mask wire fraud before, during, or after
• Overwhelm bank personnel
• Prevent transfer notification to customer
• Prevent customer from reporting fraud
Costly disruption of service, or…?

10. The Facebook Vector

11. 111111111111111111111111
Unique Malware Content

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Detection is key to Respond and Recover
Source: Verizon Data Breach Investigation Report 2012

13. Secure Security Interdependency
Source: WEF Global Risk 2013

14. © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Critical Infrastructures in Private Hands

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- security incidents can have crippling effect
Security Incidents can have crippling effect

16. Security Incident: Private Cost + Social Cost (negative security externality)
Divergent Interest
Global Threats, Targets,
Adversaries, GDP
Corporate Profits
Private Sector: Corporate Efficiency Government: National
Security & Economic
Prosperity

17. Regulate Facilitate Collaborate
Evolving Role of the Government
“Do As I Say”
“How Can I Help
You Do Better”
“Do As I Say”
“What Can We Do Better
Together”

18. Can Cyber Operation amount to an Armed Attack?
 NATO Article 5 of Washington Treaty
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in
Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all
and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each
of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence
recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations will assist the
Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert
with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the
use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North
Atlantic area. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result
thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such
measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the
measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and
security.

19. 191919191919191919191919
International Law on Conflict (Cyber)
 Two distinct bodies of law – jus ad bellum, jus in bello
 Interest started more than a decade ago, lost momentum after
9/11 event, picked up after Estonia (2007) and Georgia (2008)

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1010101001010101010101101011101110101101010110101110100101111011
101010100101010110101110111010111010111010

23. "Use the network as the platform to deliver
intelligence, visibility and control that enable
organizations to defend critical assets."

24. CYBER 'KILL CHAIN' MODEL
RECON PACKAGE DELIVER EXPLOIT INSTALL CONTROL
“CYBER KILL CHAIN” is a Lockheed Martin Trademark

26. DISCOVER
REMEDIATE
DEFEND

27. Normality
Capacity
Resource surge capacity
Degraded organization capacity
Incident
Likelihood of Attack and Vulnerability Reduction
Prevent Prepare
Impact Reduction
Respond Recover
Intelligence-led approach
Cisco Security Intelligence Operation
Detection
Intelligence-led Cyber Defense

28. Threat Operations CenterSensorBase Dynamic Updates

31. Security Support Operations
Current SSO Presence in
the Following Regions:
• California
• Texas
• Ohio
• Idaho
• China
• Ukraine
• UK
• Canada
• India
• Australia
Languages: Arabic, Farsi/Persian, Hebrew, Syriac, Urdu, Bengali, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hindi, Marathi, Sinhala, Tamil, Thai, Chinese, Japanese,
Korean, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Macedonian, Russian, Ukrainian, Greek, Armenian, Georgian, Basque, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish,
Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese,
Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese

37. Context Inspection
Aunt Jenny
234 Any St.
Anytown, CA
From:
Aunt Jenny
234 Any St.
Anytown, CA
From:
• Where’s it coming from?
• How many others have seen it?
• How new is it?
• Who owns the package?
• What else have they sent us?
• Is the sender even a real
person?

38. Deny 13. Allow Everything Else.

39. Should-i-go-here.com
Feeds Endpoint
Telemetry
Human Intel
Cloud
Web
IPS
Firewall
Email
Corpora

40. Concluding Remarks