Passive house overview 20150127

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW
Passive House - An Overview
Cillian Collins, MRIAI, LEED AP BD+C
Martina Soderlund, P.Eng., BEMP, LEED AP BD+C

“A passive house is a building in which a comfortable interior climate can be
maintained without active heating and cooling systems”
Adamson & Feist 1988
Recap: 101
Energy
Comfort

Passivhaus

Passivhaus
Korea, China, California (1m m2)

‘Haus’≠House

‘Haus’ = Office
RHW.2 Office Tower Vienna, Austria. 20 Storeys - 200,000ft2

‘Haus’ = School

Definition (link):
“A Passive House is a building, for which thermal comfort (ISO 7730) can be
achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is
required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for
additional recirculation of air.

COMFORT
9Passive House Che - Romania - Tecto Architecture (qw =14kWh/m²a)

COMFORT
Surface temperature ≥17°C (63°F)
- no ‘draughts’/condensation
Thermal Bridge Free
ψ ≤0.01W/mK
θ ≥12.6°C (63°F)
- no risk of mould
Internal Temperature
Constant ≥ 20°C (68°F)
(perceived as such)
ΔT horizontal ≤ 3K
ΔT Vertical ≤ 2K
Summer Shading
excess temperature
frequency +25°C (77°F)
≤ 10% of year
Acoustic
≤ 25dB Living Area
Ducts - Max 3m/s
10Passive House Che - Romania - Tecto Architecture (qH =14kWh/m²a)

Was ist ein Passivhaus?

Ravensburg Art Museum - Architect: Lederer + Ragnarsdóttir + Oei
First Certified Passive House Art Museum [Link & Link]
TFA: 1288m; qw =14kWh/m²a; n50= 0.2 h-1
12
Targets
image credits: Andrew Michler

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW 13
Targets -10W/m²
image credits: Andrew Michler
15kWh/m²a
1.5L heating oil
10W/m²
30 m³/h/Pers x 0.33 Wh/(m³K) x 30 K = 300 W/Pers
300 W/Pers ÷ 30m2/Pers = 10W/m2
1m2
30m3/h/pers - max 52°C

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW 14
Performance Requirements
• Specific Heating Demand (qH): ≤ 15 kWh/m2/a (4.75 kBtu/ft2) -
• Specific Cooling Demand: ≤ 15 kWh/m2/a (4.75 kBtu/ft2)
• Maximum Heat Load (pH): ≤ 10 W/m2 (3.2 Btu/ft2)
• Primary Energy: ≤ 120 kWh/m2/a (38.1 kBtu/ft2)
• Airtight Shell (n50): ≤ 0.6 ACH @ 50 Pa
• Excess Temperature (over 25°C degrees Celcius) ≤ 10%
Verified using PHPP software
Passive House Standard

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW 15Monte Rosa ‘hut’ - Switzerland (+2883m)
Link

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW 1646 unit Housing, Changxing, China. Peter Ruge Architekten
Austrian Embassy, Jakarta, Indonesia

Heat Recovery %
Targets - 15kWh/m²a
15kWh/m²a
Building
Fabric
Thermal
Bridges
Airtightness
Windows
Occupancy
& Use
Losses Gains
Transmission
Ventilation
Solar Internal

HOW - ACHIEVING THE STANDARD
• exceptionally high level of thermal
insulation:
~ R35-40 effective for a wall in
Vancouver
• super insulated windows: triple glazed
low-e glazing with well insulated frames
• Comfort ventilation with highly efficient
heat recovery: HRV to have a min 75%
heat recovery (85-92%)
• air tight building envelope:
0.6 or less air changes per hour
• thermal bridge free construction:
no penetration of the insulation layer
by highly conductive materials
18

Primary Energy Max <120 kWh/m2a
Passive House Energy Target Includes ALL end-uses:
DHW, heating, cooling, auxiliary and household electricity.
Image Credits - Elrond Burrell [www.architype.co.uk]

Where is PH compared to 2030?
2030 = EUI (kWh/m2)
reductions over national
or regional average

Passive House = Primary Energy

PH Primary Energy Factors
Multiply Building Site EUI = PH Primary Energy kWh/m2

Example EUI’s (Site Energy)

Passive House = 120 kWh/m2 PE = 44 kWh/m2
(all electric)

Passive House = 120 kWh/m2 PE = 77 kWh/m2
(50% natural gas, 50% electric)

Smart Compact Architecture
Energon: 6000 m² passive office building in Ulm, Germany

Smart Compact Architecture
building cost was 312
€/m³ per gross volume
( average office building
in Germany runs from
315 to 384 €/m³)
utility cost for heating,
cooling, ventilation, air
humidification and
warm water is 34 € /
workstation each year
Link
Energon: 6000 m² passive office building in Ulm, Germany

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW Child Day-care Centre, Frankfurt

PASSIVE HOUSE - AN OVERVIEW Montessori School, Munich, Germany

Right Orientation
Only primitives and barbarians lack knowledge of houses
turned to face the Winter sun.
- 400 BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Aeschylus

Excellent Insulation
R15
R20 R38-60
R38-60
R25-50

0.15 WuU: 0.15 W/(m2K) = R: 37.5 ft2·°F·hr/Btu
/(m2K)7.5 ft2·°F·hruU: 0.12 W/(m2K) = R: 47.3 ft2·°F·hr/Btu
U: 0.10 W/(m2K) = R: 56.8 ft2·°F·hr/Btu

No Thermal Bridges
Image Credits: Elrond Burrell [www.architype.co.uk]

ψ ≤0.01W/mK

Airtightness

Link
Target - n50
n50 = V50/Vair

SOLAR LOSSES
SOLAR GAINS
Q S = r x g x AW x G
2,489 kWh/a = 0.44 x 0.5 x 30.8m2 x 370 kWh/(m2a)
Windows - Energy Balance
Q T = A x U x ft x Gt2,018 kWh/a = 30.8m2 x 0.8 x 1x 81.9 kKh/a
20°C
(68°F)
17°C
-10°C
(14°F)

Windows
Image Credits: www.peterwarm.co.uk, www.butlermoffat.com
Uw (install) =
(Ug * Ag) + (Uf * Af) + (ψs * ls) + (ψ install * l install )
(Ag + Af)

PHPP

Case-Study

“We feel that our children are more alert and attentive
in lessons due to the amount of daylight in
classrooms and the fresh air throughout the school.
The fact that the new school is built to passivhaus
standards means that learning has been enhanced.
Our pupils are comfortable, secure and stimulated by
their new environment; hence they learn very well!”
“Our gas bill was 90% less in the first year of
occupying our new building, compared to the old one”
Sara Morris: Head Teacher, Oak Meadow Primary
School
Case-Study

Airtightness

Thermal Bridging

Certification

Advantages
● Performance based design based on first principles
● meets design predictions - performance gap is reduced /eliminated
● performance maintained over time (rigorous design process & quality
assurance of certification)
● Resilience
● First step towards Net Zero - becoming selfless
53

Passive House in BC

● Building Code & Inspector
● Certified component & skill availability
● Buy-in from all parties - client, design team, contractor, trades
● split of Capital Expenditure and Operating Expenditure
● Cheap Energy!
Obstacles / Challenges

City of Vancouver in talks with CanPHI - fast track, inspections, setbacks
City of Vancouver Design Guidelines
NAPHN2015 in Vancouver October 2015
Vancouver Coastal Health - has committed to achieve Passive House Standard for the
Bella Bella Staff Housing project (A214-00RFP)
Cornerstone - multifamily residental passive house in Vancouver
Econ Group - single family residentail & small commercial premises North Vancouver
HCMA - Multi-family housing Victoria (6unit)
DLP Architecture - First Passive House in City of Vancouver
First School?
Opportunities

Future
research conservatively estimates that if all current building stock were to
achieve passive-house levels of energy reduction, world energy
consumption would fall by 30 percent.
Diana Ürge-Vorsatz – coordinating lead author of the buildings chapter of the
IPCC’s 5th Assessment Report on Climate Change Mitigation –(Link)

Presentation - Bronwyn Barry & Andrew Michler to Perkins + Will San Francisco
leadership group
Passive House 101&201 - Martina Soderlund & Blair Hamilton Perkins Will
Passive house Introduction - Marcel Studer - Econ Group
Presentation - Elrond Burrell Architype
Thanks!

Questions/Comments?

Passive house overview 20150127

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