great description of bones, muscles, ect..

1. Endocrine System

2. Endocrine Glands

3. Hormones

4. Glands that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system are called
(a) exocrine (b) endocrine (c) sebaceous (d) secretory
Hormones have an effect on (a) all cells of the body (b) growing cells
(c) stem cells (d) target cells.

5. Steroid Hormones – Gene Level Effect

6. Protein (non-steroid) Hormones
Second Messenger Effect

7. Steroid hormones (a) are protein (b) stimulate production of a second messenger
(c) have a gene level effect (d) all of these.
Protein hormones (a) are not protein (b) stimulate production of a second messenger
(c) have a gene level effect (d) none of these.

8. Feedback – regulates hormone release

9. The level of secretion of hormones is most often controlled by (a) chromosomes
(b) negative feedback loops (c) positive feedback loops (d) neutral feedback loops.

10. Prostaglandins – “tissue hormones”

11. Which type of hormone is not a "systemic hormone"? (a) prostaglandin
(b) protein hormone (c) steroid hormone (d) sex hormone.

12. Pituitary Gland

13. Pituitary Hormones

14. The Pituitary gland is (a) attached to the brain (b) the "master gland"
(c) an endocrine gland (d) all of these.

15. Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

16. Which is NOT controlled by the anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis)? (a) growth
(b) water retention (c) metabolism (d) sexuality.

17. Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

18. Which is controlled by the posterior pituitary gland (Neurohypophysis)? (a) growth
(b) water retention (c) metabolism (d) sexuality.

19. Thyroid Gland

20. Thyroid Hormones

21. Thyroxin (a) is a pituitary gland hormone (b) is an adrenal gland hormone
(c) regulates metabolic level (d) is antagonistic to parathyroid hormone.

22. Calcitonin

23. Calcitonin (a) is produced in the thyroid gland (b) lowers blood calcium level
(c) is antagonistic to PTH (d) all of these.

24. Parathyroid – Parathyroid Hormone

25. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (a) is produced in the parathyroid glands
(b) raises blood calcium level (c) is antagonistic to calcitonin (d) all of these.

26. Adrenal Gland

27. Adrenal Cortex
• Mineralocorticoids
– Aldosterone – increases resorption of sodium
in the kidneys
• Glucocorticoids
– Gluconeogenesis
– Anti-alergy hormones – Cortisol
• Androgens
– Masculizing Hormone

28. Adrenal Medulla
• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine

29. The adrenal gland produces (a) Thyroxin (b) Melatonin
(c) masculizing hormone (d) all of these.
Cortisol (a) is antagonistic to epinephrine (b) is synergistic to ADH
(c) suppresses inflammation (d) none of these.
Epinephrine is also know as (a) adrenalin (b) growth hormone
(c) a trophic hormone (d) masculizing hormone.

30. The Pancreas

31. Functions of the Pancreas

32. Histology of the Pancreas

33. Pancreatic Hormones
• Insulin – Necessary for uptake of glucose
by tissue cells throughout the body.
• Glucogon – Stimulates glycogenolysis
which is the conversion of starch
(glycogen) to blood sugar

34. Insulin is (a) necessary for cells to absorb glucose (b) produced in the pancreas
(c) produced in the Isles of Langerhans (d) all of these.

35. Glycogenolysis

36. Glucose is produced by (a) glycogenolysis (b) glycogenesis (b) the thyroid gland
(d) the mitochondria.

37. Endocrine function of Ovaries
Estrogen – Stimulates the growth of
the inner uterine lining (endometrium)
during proliferative phase. Stimulates
development of secondary sexual
characteristics in the female.
Progesterone – Stimulates thickening of
the uterine lining during the secretory
phase.

38. The ovaries have an endocrine function in producing (a) FSH (b) LH (c) estrogen
(d) masculizing hormone.

39. Testes
Testosterone – Stimulates development
of secondary sexual characteristics in
males.

40. The testes have an endocrine function in producing (a) FSH (b) LH (c) Testosterone
(d) masculizing hormone.

41. Thymus
Thymosin – Stimlates
The maturation of T-cell
lymphocytes

42. The Thymus is part of the (a) endocrine system (b) the immune system
(c) both of these (d) neither of these.
Thymosin stimulates (a) the growth of the Thyroid (b) metabolism
(c) the growth of the Thymus gland (d) the maturation of T-cell lymphocytes.

43. Placenta
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) – “Pregnancy Hormone” signals brain
and pituitary gland to interrupt the menstrual cycle.

44. The Placenta has an endocrine function in producing
(a) human chorionic gonadotrophin (b) testosterone
(c) placentone (d) all of these.

45. Pineal Gland
Melatonin – Controls day-night rhythms (Sleepiness).

46. The Pineal gland controls (a) when you get sleepy (b) when you are wide awake
(c) daily rhythms (circadian) (d) all of these.

47. The Heart
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) – Lowers blood volume by decreasing water
resorption in kidneys (makes urine hypotonic).

48. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone is (a) antagonistic to aldosterone (b) antagonistic to ADH
(c) produced by heart muscle (d) all of these.

49. The Blood

50. Red Blood Cells - Erythrocytes

51. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) (a) have a nucleus (b) contain mostly hemoglobin
(c) are among the largest of human cells (d) all of these.

52. White Blood Cells - Leucocytes

53. White Blood Cells (leucocytes) (a) have a nucleus (b) contain mostly hemoglobin
(c) are among the largest of human cells (d) all of these.

54. Platelets

55. Platelets (a) have a nucleus (b) contain clotting factors
(c) are among the largest of human cells (d) all of these.

56. Blood Plasma
Water
Clotting Factors
Blood Sugar
Blood Proteins
Minerals (electrolytes)
Hormones
Nutrients
Dissolved gasses
Waste products

57. Which is NOT a component of blood plasma? (a) minerals (b) nutrients
(c) hemoglobin (d) clotting factors.

58. Clotting Factors

59. Which is NOT a clotting factor? (a) fibrinogen (b) gamma globulin (c) prothrombin
(d) thrombin.

60. Hematocrit

61. A hematocrit measures relative (a) percentage of RBC in whole blood
(b) hemoglobin level in RBC (c) percentage of clotting factors in whole blood
(d) all of these.

62. Blood Types

63. A universal blood donor would have which blood type? (a) O negative (b) O positive
(c) AB positive (d) AB negative.

64. The Heart

65. Chambers of the Heart

66. Heart Tissue Layers

67. Heart muscle is called (a) pericardium (b) myocardium (c) endocardium (d) epicardium.

68. Heart Valves

69. Heart Circulation

70. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the (a) tricuspid valve
(b) pulmonary valve (c) mitral valve (d) aortic valve.

71. Circulatory Loops

72. The right ventricle pumps blood to the (a) systemic loop (b) pulmonary loop (c) heart
(d) all of these.

73. Heart Innervation

74. The sino-atrial node (SA node) is also called the (a) pacemaker (b) ectopic pacemaker
(c) extrinsic pacemaker (d) none of these.
Contraction of ventricular myocardium is controlled by (a) the SA node (b) the AV node
(c) the AV bundle (d) all of these.

75. Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins

76. Blood supply to the right ventricular myocardium is provided by
(a) the left coronary artery (b) the right coronary artery (c) pulmonary artery
(d) all of these.

77. Blood Vessels

78. The inner lining of a blood vessel is (a) called tunica intima (b) smooth
(c) continuous with the endocardium (d) all of these.

79. Arteries

80. Aorta Aortic Arch
Descending
Ascending

81. Arteries of the head and neck

82. Thorax and upper arm

83. Abdominal and Pelvic
Celiac
Superior Mesenteric
Renal
Inferior Mesenteric
Common Iliac
Internal Iliac
External Iliac

84. Arteries of the leg

85. Veins

86. Veins

87. Head and Neck

88. Veins of the upper thorax

89. Shoulder and Arm

90. Hepatic Vein and Hepatic Portal

91. Renal Veins

92. Pelvic Veins

93. Leg Veins

94. Blood Pressure

95. The pressure of blood in an artery during a compression wave (systole) is called
(a) systolic (b) diastolic (c) peristolic (d) epistolic.

96. Pulse

97. Lymphatic System

98. Lymph Vessels

99. Lymph Node

100. Efferent lymph ducts lead (a) toward lymph nodes (b) away from lymph nodes
(b) toward the spleen (d) away from the spleen.

101. Tonsils

102. Tonsils contain mostly (a) T-cell lymphocytes (b) B-cell lymphocytes (c) macrophages
(d) erythrocytes.

103. Spleen

104. The spleens function is (a) fetal hemopoesis (b) recycling of red blood cells
(d) destroying enemy cells in the blood (d) all of these.

105. Immunity
• Inherited or acquired?
• Non-specific
• Specific

106. Immunity to tuberculosis infections is (a) inherited (b) specific (c) both of these
(d) neither of these.

107. Immune System Cells

108. T -cells mature in the (a) lymph nodes (b) brain (c) thymus gland (d) spleen.

109. Antigens/Antibodies

110. Antibodies bond to (a) blood cells (b) B-cells (c) antigens (d) toxins.

111. Antibody

112. Antibody Binding Sites

113. Complement

114. Complement is used to (a) truss up enemy cells (b) explode bacteria
(c) stimulate the immune system (d) rally B-cells.