The document summarizes art styles in 18th century Europe, including Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassicism. Rococo originated in Paris in the early 1700s, characterized by bright colors, nature/mythology themes, and gallant/love subjects. It spread to countries like Spain, Germany, and Austria. Neoclassicism emerged in the late 1700s influenced by Enlightenment ideas and archaeological discoveries, drawing inspiration from ancient Greek/Roman art and ideals of order and perfection. The document provides examples of prominent artists and works for each style.

1. ART IN THE 18TH CENTURY:
BAROQUE ROCOCO AND NEW
CLASSICISM
Carmen Salido Pérez
4A ESO

2. INDEX
 BAROQUE ROCOCO (slides 3-4)
 ROCOCO IN SPAIN (slides5-9)
 NEW CLASSICISM (slides 10-16)
 SOURCES (slides 17)

3. BAROQUE
Baroque was an art style appeared in Rome, developed since about
1600 to 1750 and spread to most of Europe. It is a period opposed to
Renaissance and it is characterized by distrust, pessimism and
disappointment.
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
Santiago’s Cathedral The meninas

4. ROCOCO
A new art style called Rococo was born
in Paris beginning of the 18th century
and it is developed during Louis XV
and Louis XVI’s reigns. Rococo was an
individualist, anti-formalist and
corteous art. It was characterized by
the used of bright, soft and clear
colours and predominance of forms
inspired on nature, mythology, the
beauty of the naked bodies, oriental art
and especially gallant and love
themes. Pilgrimage on the Isle of Cythera
It quickly spread to other European
countries, especially in Germany and
Austria, and continued developing until
the arrival of New Classicism.
Cupid fashioning his
bow from Hercules'
club
Castle Solitude

5. ROCOCO IN SPAIN
Rococo architecture
In Spain, Rococo art appeared during the reign of Philip V (1700-1746). The
influence of this style was limited because of the few contacts Spain
maintained with the European Rococo and especially with France and
Germany. The most important architects were José de Churriguera
(Altarpiece of San Esteban in Salamanca Cathedral), Pedro de Ribera (Old
Hospice in Madrid) and Hipólito Rovira (Palace of the Marquis of Dos Aguas
in Valencia).
Palace of the Marquis of Dos
Altarpiece of San Esteban Old Hospice Aguas

6. An example of rococo architecture is the Palace of the Marquis of Dos
Aguas. The front was designed by Hipólito Rovira, it composed by two
parts separated by the Marquis’s shield. At the bottom the allegory of
the Turia and Júcar rivers can be seen. At the top there is a niche with a
sculpture of Virgin and Child.

7. Rococo painting
There are few Spanish Rococo painters. Luis Meléndez and Luis Paret
are the most important spanish painters.
François Boucher was born in Paris of Septempber of 1703, he was a
French painter and his paintings treated gallant themes, typical of the
era. He was famous for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings of
mythological themes, allegories about shepherds and several portraits
of Madame Pompadour.
Portrait of Madame
de Pompadour
Portrait of François
Boucher

8. One of his most famous paintings is the Portrait of Marie-Louise
O’Murphy, whose model is identified as Mademoiselle Louise
O’Murphy, fourteen, one of King Louis XV’s mistresses.
Portrait of Marie-Louise O'Murphy

9. Rococo sculpture
With respect to Rococo sculpture, in Spain sculptures were
characterized by a bigger sweetness and intimacy in the interpretation
of themes and a bigger appreciation for the scenical and the most trivial
details.The most important sculptor was Francisco Salzillo
(processional floats for the Holy week).
Portrait of Francisco Salzillo

10. NEW CLASSICISM
New Classicism developed in the last third of the 18th century, the
ideas of Enlightenment, the discovery of the ruins of Pompeii and the
French Revolution had an important influence in the revival of
classicism. It drew inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of
Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. This style tried to create
beauty, perfection and proportions. Brandenburger
Tor, by Carl
Gotthard Langhans
Venus Victrix, by
Antonio Canova
The Oath of the Horatii, by
Jacques-Louis David

11. Architecture
In Spain the most important New Classicism buildings were built in
Madrid. The main building is the Prado's museum designed by Juan de
Villanueva, other important buildings were the Puerta de Alcalá, by
Francesco Sabatini, and Pamplona cathedral designed by Ventura
Rodríguez.
Alcalá Gate
Prado museum
Pamplona
cathedral

12. The Church of Sainte Madeleine, located in Paris is a perfect illustration
of the New Classicism architectural style. It has fifty-two Corinthian
columns around the building. In the pediment there is a sculpture of the
Last Judgement. The doors have bronze reliefs which represent the Ten
Commandments.

13. Painting
Jacques Louis David was a French painter who had a lot of influence in
New Classicism painting. Cupid and Psyche is one of his most
representative paintings.
Portrait of Jacques
Louis David.
Cupid and Psyche

14. In Spain Antoine Raphael Mengs worked as court painter for Charles III.
He was a spanish New Classicism painter and his works developed
almost all in Spain.
The portrait of Maria Amalia of Sajonia, queen
consort of Spain and fellow citizen of Antoine
Raphael Mengs, this painting represented the
Spanish New Classicism.
Portrait of antoine
Raphael Mengs
The portrait of Maria
Amalia of Sajonia

15. Sculpture
New Classicist sculpture was as a reaction against the frivolity of
Rococo ornamentation. This style was inspired in Greco-Roman
antiquity, adopting the principles of order, clarity, austerity and balance.
In Spain José Álvarez Cubero was the main sculptor, but he spent
much of his career in Paris and Rome. Ganymede is his most important
sculpture.
Portrait of José
Álvarez Cubero
Ganymede

16. The most important sculptor is Antonio Canova, he was an Italian
sculptor and painter.
Psyche revived by the kiss of Love was
commissioned by John Campbell in 1787. The
scene represented the moment when Eros
revived to Psyche with a kiss, after she had
taken a magic potion that made her fall in a
eternal dream
Self-portrait of Antonio
Canova

17. SOURCES
 Webs:
http://www.arteespana.com/arterococo.htm
http://es.wikipedia.org
o Books:
Cristina Blanco Carraasco and Paqui Pérez
Fons, (2011) Social Sciences, History 4th
ESO, Campo de Criptana.