Semantic alignment of documents with 3D city models C. Tardy et al 3u3d2012

SEMANTIC)ALIGNMENT)OF)
DOCUMENTS)WITH)3D)CITY)
MODELS)
Camille'Tardy1,'Laurent'Moccozet2'and'Gilles'Falquet1'
University*of*Geneva*
'
1*Institute*ICLE* In'3U3D'2012'conference'
2*Institute*of*Services*Science* Nantes,'France'

FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES
ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES
Institut de recherche en ingénierie des connaissances et
logiques de l’espace

A)Digital)Library)of)Urban)resources)

3D'city'Models'
Documents'

http://www.lviz.org/wpAcontent/uploads/2009/03/vancouver1980.png*

Semantic'alignment'of'documents'with'3D'city'models,'C.'Tardy'et'al.'' 2'

Context)
Requires' Task'
access'to'



Problem)Statement)

Navigates/'
Looks'at'

Establish'semantic'links'
between'3DCM'objects'
and'documents'



ContextualisaFon)

•  Represent'the'documents'in*context*

•  Visually'link'documents'to'the'3D'object'

•  Requires':'
1.'Compute'the'semantic'alignment'relationships'
2.'Compute'the'user'interface'layout'

'


Related)Work)

•  3D'visualisation':'NIRVE'[1],'Periscope[2]'

•  Contextualisation'in'space':'Geocoding'process'in'GIS'[3]'

•  Visualisation':'World'Explorer'[4]'
'


A)Model)to)Compute)the)Links)

Coverage'
Geonames'

CityGML'

Urbamet'

Domain'
Annotation' Ontologies'

Link'document[object'


IndexaFon)and)AnnotaFon)

•  Documents'are'indexed'
'
•  Annotation'
•  RDF']ile'

•  Coverage'
•  Space'
•  Time'
'
•  3d'object'annotation'
•  CityGML'representation'and'Geonames'identi]ication'


Ontology)Alignment)

•  Indexation'vocabularies'
'
' Domain''
CityGML' Geonames' Urbamet'
Ontologies'


IdenFﬁcaFon)

Geonames'

CityGML'

Urbamet'

Domain'
Ontologies'



IdenFfying)city)objects)

•  From'CityGML'to'Geonames'

•  Position'

•  Function'

•  Rules'to'solve'ambiguities'


IdenFﬁcaFon)of)City)Objects)


Storey)IdenFﬁcaFon)
•  Contained'in'the'footprint'

•  Contained'in'the'building''
(CityObjectGroup*–*part_of/contains)*

•  Function'(lodXStorey)*

•  Name':']loor'number'
'
•  Elevation'(geoname)*

•  Creation'of'a'class'“Storey”'in'CityGML'


Storey)IdenFﬁcaFon)Formula)


Storey)IdenFﬁcaFon)Example)

http://lesleyannwhite.co.uk/wp[content/uploads/2011/11/house_tran.png'


A)Model)to)Compute)the)Links)

Coverage'
Geonames'

CityGML'

Urbamet'

Domain'
Annotation' Ontologies'



Find)the)connecFons)

•  Type'of'links'

•  Explicit'(Boolean'value)'
•  Direct'or'indirect'connection'

•  Suggestion'(Weight'value)'
•  Through'non[geographic'entities'
•  Object'is'not'contained'in'the'3DCM'


Alignment)Algorithm)

•  Input''
•  Document'corpora'(indexed)'
•  3D'city'model'(indexed)'

•  Output'
•  Matrix'of'links''
•  M(doc,obj)'
'
'
•  Focus'on'the'spatial'coverage'
'

Algorithm)

•  One'document','one'object'

•  Cov(obj)'≤'Cov(doc)'or'vice'versa'
•  CityGML/Geonames'

•  Search_link'function'4'cases':''
1.'Direct'link'
2.'Direct'link'by'class'
3.'Link'through'non[geographic'entities'
4.'Link'by'spatial'proximity'


Direct)Link)

G':“Geneva''
airport”'
Cov(obj)'

G:“Geneva''
airport”'

Cov(doc)'

•  M(doc,obj)='true'
'

Direct)Link)by)Class)

Cov(obj)'

G':“Geneva'airport”'

“airport_'
building”'

Cov(doc)'
•  M(doc,obj)=true'


Link)through)NonNgeographic)EnFFes)

G:'“HUG”'
Cov(obj)'

“surgery”'

Idx(doc)'

•  M(doc,obj)=1/semantic_distance(“surgery”,'“HUG”)'


The)object)is)a)group)

•  The'main'object'is'identify'with'a'geoname'

•  Get'the'object'that'correspond'to'the'current'geoname''
'
•  Fall'back'to'cases'1,'2'or'3'with'the'new'object' g1'
'
'

g4'

g2'
g3'

Link)by)SpaFal)Proximity)
•  e'not'in'cov(model)'
•  e'and'f'are'spatially'close'
G:'e'

G:'e'

Cov(doc)' Cov(model)'='f'(geoname)'

•  M(doc,obj)='1/euclidean_distance(e,f)''
http://i149.photobucket.com/albums/s62/WorkingFilms/AucklandCity2.jpg'


ParFcular)SituaFons)

•  The'object'is'a'group'

•  Storeys'


Example):)Geneva)Airport)

http://www.journal[aviation.com/'

Cov(doc)'='“Switzerland”'(geoname)'
'
Idx(doc)'='“Swiss”,'“airline”,'“tablets”,'“crew”'



Cov(obj)'='BuildingFunctionType':'“Airport_Building”'(cityGML)'
Cov(model)''='“Geneva'Canton”'(geoname)'

e'(geoname')'='label':'“Aéroport'Genève[Cointrin”,'feature'code':'“S.AIRP”(Airport)'



•  “Switzerland”'contains'“Geneva'Canton”'

•  Idx(doc)'contains'“airline”'

•  Link'between'doc'and'all'airports'objects'in'the'model*

•  M(doc,obj)=true '[>'explicit_link'


Example):)University)of)Geneva)

www.unige.ch'

Cov(doc)'='“Uni'Dufour”'(geoname),'Storey':'name'='1'(CityGML)'
'



Obj'is'a'group'of'4'storeys':'
'
!  o4''Storey':'name'='3'

Cov(obj)'='“Uni'Dufour”'(geoname)'

http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=da6dc]b704f4294c9202d3aef1555f0c'



•  Cov(doc)'and'Cov(obj)'contains'“Uni'Dufour”'

•  Cov(doc)'[>'Storey'

•  Search'link'with'obj'sub[objects'

•  Cov(o2)='“Uni'Dufour”,'Storey':'name'='1''

•  M(doc,o2)=true'


Conclusion)

•  Semantic'indexing'

•  Identify'links'through'numerous'connections'
'
•  Future'Work':'
•  Evaluation'via'a'use'case'

•  Deal'with'fuzzy'area'

•  Develop'the'different'visualisation'technics'

•  Develop'the'query'system'


References)
1.  W.'Wiza,'K.'Walczak,'W.'Cellary,'Proc.*of*the*9th*Int.*Conf.*on*3D*Web*
Technology.* Periscope' [' A' System' for' Adaptive' 3D' Visualization' of'
Search'Results.'29–40.'(2004)'
2.  'J.'Cugini,'S.'Laskowski,'M.'Sebrechts,'Proc.*of*IST/SPIE's*12th*Annual*
Int.* Symposium:* Electronic* Imaging.' Design' of' 3D' visualization' of'
search'results:'Evolution'and'evaluation.'23–28.'(2000)''
3.  C.B.'Jones,'A.I.'Abdelmoty,'D.'Finch,'G.'Fu,'S.'Vaid,'Proc.*of*the*3rd*Int.*
Conf.* on* Geographic* Information* Science.' The' SPIRIT' Spatial' Search'
Engine:' Architecture,' Ontologies' and' Spatial' Indexing.' 125–139.'
(2004)''
4.  S.'Ahern,'M.'Naaman,'R.'Nair,'J.H.I.'Yang,'Proc.*of*the*7th*JCDL.'World'
explorer:' visualizing' aggregate' data' from' unstructured' text' in' geo[
referenced'collections.'1–10.'(2007)''


Semantic alignment of documents with 3D city models C. Tardy et al 3u3d2012

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