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Conservacion de parientes
silvestres: una iniciativa global
Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Nora Castaรฑeda, Colin Khoury, Andy
                           Jarvis
Contenido
โ€ข Por que?
โ€ข La estrategia
โ€ข Colaboradores
Por quรฉ?: 1. Hay que alimentar el mundo,
con menos combustible, misma cantidad
  de tierra, y en un mundo cambianteโ€ฆ
2. โ€ฆun mundo donde la agricultura es
           vulnerable




Cambios proyectados en aptitud
climatica de las tierras agrรญcolas, 50
cultivos, 2050s
โ€ข 2. โ€ฆun mundo donde la agricultura es
  vulnerable                       Proyeccion hacia 2030




                                        Fuente: Lobell et al. (2008)
3. Los parientes silvestres son fuentes
     de genes para la agricultura
3. Son fuente genetica para agricultura




                                                             234 papers cited

                                                             Maxted and Kell, 2009


โ€ข Use: 39% resistencia plagas; 17% estres abiotico; 13% rendimiento
โ€ข Citaciones: 2% <1970; 13% 1970s; 15% 1980s; 32% 1990s; 38% >1999
4. Ellos mismos estan amenazados por el cambio
                    climatico




                Cambio en riqueza de especies silvestres proyectada a 2050
5. Ademas, estan mal conservados
Ejemplo con frijol silvestre:




                                De 85 taxa, 35 NO ESTAN en
                                ningun banco de germoplasma,
                                y 26 tienen <10 accesiones...
De approx. 260,000
accesiones, solo 4,453 son
                                      Fuente: Ramirez-Villegas et al. (2010)
silvestres
La estrategia

The Svalbard
Global Seed
Vault




                               Credit: Kitsune Noir/FLICKR
La estrategia
Definimos especies prioridad, y nos organizamosโ€ฆ hecho!

Colectamos y analizamos datos para decidir que, donde, y
cuando debemos colectarโ€ฆ en proceso

                     Coordinamos con NARs y vamos al
                     campo a colectar
Especies y acervos prioritarios




        http://www.cwrdiversity.org/species_list.php
Investigacion: colectamos y analizamos
                  datosโ€ฆ




El sistema
publico
                                       EURISCO CGIAR USDA
 Aun necesitamos conectarnos conโ€ฆ China, India, South-east Asia, Central Asia
Species

albiviolaceus
                Sampling (%)

                     0.0
                               Coverage (%)

                                   N/A
                                              Distribution (%)

                                                    N/A
                                                                 Outlier (%)

                                                                     N/A
                                                                               Rarity Score

                                                                               N/A     0.00
                                                                                                Definimos que debe
amabilis             0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
chacoensis
diversifolius
elongatus
fraternus
laxiflorus
                     0.0
                     0.0
                     0.0
                     0.0
                     0.0
                                   N/A
                                   N/A
                                   N/A
                                   N/A
                                   N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                    N/A
                                                                     N/A
                                                                     N/A
                                                                     N/A
                                                                     N/A
                                                                     N/A
                                                                               N/A
                                                                               N/A
                                                                               N/A
                                                                               N/A
                                                                               N/A
                                                                                       0.00
                                                                                       0.00
                                                                                       0.00
                                                                                       0.00
                                                                                       0.00
                                                                                                    colectarse?
micranthus          10.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
mollis               0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
nitensis             0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
opacus               0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
pachycarpus          0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
texensis            10.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
trifidus             0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
xolocotzii           0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
anisophyllus         0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
oaxa canus           0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
pauper               0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
plagiocylix          0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
rosei                0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
sonorensis           0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
falciformis          0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
marechalii           6.7           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
rotundatu s          6.7           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
salicifolius         3.3           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
altimontanus         7.5           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
esquincensis         0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
novoleonensis        5.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
tenellus             0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   parvifolius       4.5    2.2    5.0   N/A    10.0   4.50
albiflorus          10.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   filiformis        1.6    5.6    6.7    0.0    9.9   4.66
macrolepis           8.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
                                                                                              maculatus         2.2    4.4    8.0    1.0    9.1   4.89
reticulatus          2.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
jaliscanus           1.7           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   talamancensis     1.1   10.0    4.0    2.0    7.1   4.97
macvaughii           3.3           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   leptostachyus     2.9    6.5    6.7    0.0    9.9   5.32
magnilobatus         3.3           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   glabellus         5.3    6.0    4.0   N/A    10.0   5.60
venosus              0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   pachyrrhizoides   8.8    6.5    2.9    0.0    6.7   5.77
carteri              7.1           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
                                                                                              costaricensis     2.3   10.0    6.0    1.1    8.0   5.96
formosus             0.0           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00
polymorphus          2.9           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   coccineus         4.8    8.1    5.7    0.0    9.7   6.06
esperanzae           8.8           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   oligospermus      3.4   10.0    5.0   10.0    9.5   6.51
perplexus            1.3           N/A              N/A              N/A       N/A     0.00   hintonii          7.7    4.3    7.5   N/A    10.0   6.86
polystachios         0.1            0.1             0.0              0.0        8.3    0.45   microcarpus       5.9    8.6    6.7    0.0    9.8   6.86
amblyosepalus        0.0            0.0             0.0              N/A       10.0    1.00
                                                                                              acutifolius       6.4    8.3    8.0    0.0    9.9   7.30
nelsonii             0.0            0.0             0.0              N/A       10. 0   1.00
pluriflorus          1.4            1.3             2.5              N/A       10.0    2.56   augusti           7.4   10.0    4.3   10.0    9.5   7.49
pedicellatus         0.9            2.7             3.3              0.0        9.5    2.56   neglectus         5.3   10.0    6.7   N/A    10.0   7.60
angustissimus        0.5            1.2             6.7              0.6        6.1    2.83   vulgaris          8.7    9.9    5.4    3.8    7.4   7.76
grayanus             5.2            2.0             4.0              0.0        7.5    3.72   dumosus           5.3   10.0    8.6    6.0    8.8   7.89
parvulus             1.3            5.0             5.0              0.0        8.6    3.82
                                                                                              xanthotrichus     8.4   10.0    5.7   10.0    9.0   8.19
tuerckheimii         1.5           10.0             0.0              0.0        8.2    3.86
pauciflorus          0.2            4.0             6.7              N/A       10.0    4.27
                                                                                              chiapasanus       9.0    9.5    7.5   N/A    10.0   8.80
lunatus              3.9            3.3             5.6              3.9        8.9    4.47   zimapanensis      8.8   10.0   10.0   N/A    10.0   9.63
โ€ฆ tambien cuando, y donde

Frijol silvestre
Ramirez-Villegas et al. (2010)


                                 Fechas en que se alcanza
                                 la madurez o la floracion

                                                    Ayres (2011)
Para 13 acervos de importancia global
Colectamos!
Conservamos

                 Usamos




Caracterizamos
Colaboradores
Adaptando la Agricultura al Cambio Climatico
Colectando, Protegiendo y Preparando los parientes silvestres




                                     GRACIAS!
                                     www.cwrdiversity.org

          Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change
  Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives

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Programa Global de Conservacion de Recursos Geneticos SIRGEALC Quito 2011

  • 1. Conservacion de parientes silvestres: una iniciativa global Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Nora Castaรฑeda, Colin Khoury, Andy Jarvis
  • 2. Contenido โ€ข Por que? โ€ข La estrategia โ€ข Colaboradores
  • 3. Por quรฉ?: 1. Hay que alimentar el mundo, con menos combustible, misma cantidad de tierra, y en un mundo cambianteโ€ฆ
  • 4. 2. โ€ฆun mundo donde la agricultura es vulnerable Cambios proyectados en aptitud climatica de las tierras agrรญcolas, 50 cultivos, 2050s
  • 5. โ€ข 2. โ€ฆun mundo donde la agricultura es vulnerable Proyeccion hacia 2030 Fuente: Lobell et al. (2008)
  • 6. 3. Los parientes silvestres son fuentes de genes para la agricultura
  • 7. 3. Son fuente genetica para agricultura 234 papers cited Maxted and Kell, 2009 โ€ข Use: 39% resistencia plagas; 17% estres abiotico; 13% rendimiento โ€ข Citaciones: 2% <1970; 13% 1970s; 15% 1980s; 32% 1990s; 38% >1999
  • 8. 4. Ellos mismos estan amenazados por el cambio climatico Cambio en riqueza de especies silvestres proyectada a 2050
  • 9. 5. Ademas, estan mal conservados Ejemplo con frijol silvestre: De 85 taxa, 35 NO ESTAN en ningun banco de germoplasma, y 26 tienen <10 accesiones... De approx. 260,000 accesiones, solo 4,453 son Fuente: Ramirez-Villegas et al. (2010) silvestres
  • 10. La estrategia The Svalbard Global Seed Vault Credit: Kitsune Noir/FLICKR
  • 11. La estrategia Definimos especies prioridad, y nos organizamosโ€ฆ hecho! Colectamos y analizamos datos para decidir que, donde, y cuando debemos colectarโ€ฆ en proceso Coordinamos con NARs y vamos al campo a colectar
  • 12. Especies y acervos prioritarios http://www.cwrdiversity.org/species_list.php
  • 13.
  • 14. Investigacion: colectamos y analizamos datosโ€ฆ El sistema publico EURISCO CGIAR USDA Aun necesitamos conectarnos conโ€ฆ China, India, South-east Asia, Central Asia
  • 15. Species albiviolaceus Sampling (%) 0.0 Coverage (%) N/A Distribution (%) N/A Outlier (%) N/A Rarity Score N/A 0.00 Definimos que debe amabilis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 chacoensis diversifolius elongatus fraternus laxiflorus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 colectarse? micranthus 10.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 mollis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 nitensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 opacus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 pachycarpus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 texensis 10.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 trifidus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 xolocotzii 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 anisophyllus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 oaxa canus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 pauper 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 plagiocylix 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 rosei 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 sonorensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 falciformis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 marechalii 6.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 rotundatu s 6.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 salicifolius 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 altimontanus 7.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 esquincensis 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 novoleonensis 5.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 tenellus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 parvifolius 4.5 2.2 5.0 N/A 10.0 4.50 albiflorus 10.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 filiformis 1.6 5.6 6.7 0.0 9.9 4.66 macrolepis 8.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 maculatus 2.2 4.4 8.0 1.0 9.1 4.89 reticulatus 2.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 jaliscanus 1.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 talamancensis 1.1 10.0 4.0 2.0 7.1 4.97 macvaughii 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 leptostachyus 2.9 6.5 6.7 0.0 9.9 5.32 magnilobatus 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 glabellus 5.3 6.0 4.0 N/A 10.0 5.60 venosus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 pachyrrhizoides 8.8 6.5 2.9 0.0 6.7 5.77 carteri 7.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 costaricensis 2.3 10.0 6.0 1.1 8.0 5.96 formosus 0.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 polymorphus 2.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 coccineus 4.8 8.1 5.7 0.0 9.7 6.06 esperanzae 8.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 oligospermus 3.4 10.0 5.0 10.0 9.5 6.51 perplexus 1.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.00 hintonii 7.7 4.3 7.5 N/A 10.0 6.86 polystachios 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.45 microcarpus 5.9 8.6 6.7 0.0 9.8 6.86 amblyosepalus 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A 10.0 1.00 acutifolius 6.4 8.3 8.0 0.0 9.9 7.30 nelsonii 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A 10. 0 1.00 pluriflorus 1.4 1.3 2.5 N/A 10.0 2.56 augusti 7.4 10.0 4.3 10.0 9.5 7.49 pedicellatus 0.9 2.7 3.3 0.0 9.5 2.56 neglectus 5.3 10.0 6.7 N/A 10.0 7.60 angustissimus 0.5 1.2 6.7 0.6 6.1 2.83 vulgaris 8.7 9.9 5.4 3.8 7.4 7.76 grayanus 5.2 2.0 4.0 0.0 7.5 3.72 dumosus 5.3 10.0 8.6 6.0 8.8 7.89 parvulus 1.3 5.0 5.0 0.0 8.6 3.82 xanthotrichus 8.4 10.0 5.7 10.0 9.0 8.19 tuerckheimii 1.5 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 3.86 pauciflorus 0.2 4.0 6.7 N/A 10.0 4.27 chiapasanus 9.0 9.5 7.5 N/A 10.0 8.80 lunatus 3.9 3.3 5.6 3.9 8.9 4.47 zimapanensis 8.8 10.0 10.0 N/A 10.0 9.63
  • 16. โ€ฆ tambien cuando, y donde Frijol silvestre Ramirez-Villegas et al. (2010) Fechas en que se alcanza la madurez o la floracion Ayres (2011)
  • 17. Para 13 acervos de importancia global
  • 19. Conservamos Usamos Caracterizamos
  • 21. Adaptando la Agricultura al Cambio Climatico Colectando, Protegiendo y Preparando los parientes silvestres GRACIAS! www.cwrdiversity.org Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives