1. The English in North AmericaChristina VerhoevenHistory 140Professor Arguello

2. American Colonies 6-Virginia After the English conquered Ireland they decided to establish a colony across the Atlantic. Virginia was named after queen Elizabeth I in honor of her virginity. The English set up tobacco plantations and expanded into the Algonquian territories which led to many confrontations.

3. American Colonies 6-Virginia Promoters The Promoters of the colonies were known as the “West Country Men.” The promoters planned to send the peasants of England to work overseas to help rebuild England's declining economic and trade status.

4. American Colonies 6-Virginia Powhatan Chief Powhatan ruled the Algonquian tribes in the 1600’s. He maintained peace amongst the tribes by organizing annual hunts and hosting elaborate celebrations. Powhatan also allowed conquered tribes to be governed by their own chiefs. Encounter The English and Algonquian designated gender roles were from opposite ends of the cultural spectrum. Women were the agricultural laborers in the Algonquian tribes. The English viewed themselves as racially and culturally superior to the Indians.

5. American Colonies 6-Virginia Tobacco In the early 16oo’s, the Virginian Company, adopted a new way of transporting colonists across the Atlantic. Emigrants who were willing to pay their own passage were allotted 50 acres a piece. The cultivation and production of tobacco could not save the debt ridden Virginia Company, and it also displaced and relocated many of the Indian tribes.

6. American Colonies 12-Middle Colonies In the early 17th century the mid-Atlantic coast was ideal for farming King Charles II hoped to expand England’s power in America. England’s biggest competitors at the time were the Dutch. The proprietary colonies were slowly converted into royal colonies.

7. American Colonies 12-Middle Colonies The Dutch Empire The city of Amsterdam was the center of shipping, banking, insurance, printing and textile manufacturing in northern Europe. The Dutch also maintained the greatest wealth and highest standard of living. The Dutch colonies along the Hudson River were targeted by the French and English.

8. American Colonies 12-Middle Colonies Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts had three major principles. First, only English ships could trade with English colonies. Second, all of the commodities produced in the colonies, had to be shipped back to England. Third, European goods shipped to the colonies had to be shipped via England. England’s overseas commerce expanded dramatically after the enforcement of these acts. Covenant chain After conquering New Netherland, the English took over the Dutch alliance and trade with the Iroquois Five Nations. The covenant chain was formed by the English and Iroquois in hopes of conquering weaker Algonquian tribes and defending the frontier against French attacks. The covenant was rarely honored by the New Yorkers, and the Iroquois were eventually over run by the French soldiers and Canadian militia.

9. American Colonies 12-Middle Colonies Diversity The middle colonies were the most diverse of all the settlements in America. The Dutch, Swedes, , Germans, Norwegians, and enslaved Africans were all inhabitants of the middle colonies. These colonies were the most successful in avoiding political and religious violence.