1. Overview of energy services along
the value chain
5th February 2008
Presentation to BiZClim sponsored Consultation
IADB-MIF Programme For Strengthening
The Private Sector’s Role In The Caribbean Community’s
External Trade Negotiations (ATN/MT-8694-RG)

2. Typical hydro-carbon value chain
Transmissio Distribution Petroleum products
Crude oil n by Refining and Retail of
Pipeline Fuels
Exploration
Productio
& Power
n Transmission
Development Generation
Natural Gas
Industrial
Electricity
and
Transmission Transportation Residentia
Liquefactio Re-
by by
n gasification
Pipeline Tanker Gas l
Consumer
s
Primary
Transportation
Petro-
by
chemical
production
Tanker Chemicals
UPSTREAM MID-STREAM DOWNSTREAM
CONTRACTED SERVICES

3. Examples of upstream services
Project phase Energy Services Energy-related services
Exploration • Seismic data acquisition • Legal services (license/PSC negotiations)
• Geological evaluation • Taxation and commercial evaluation
• Seismic data storage • Environmental Impact Assessment
• Rig positioning • Advisory services (e.g. political risk,
• Appraisal drilling community relations)
• Wireline services • Health & Safety
• Mud engineering and logging
• Snubbing Services
• Fishing and downhole services
Development • Front End Engineering Design • Project Management
• Development drilling • Environmental Impact Assessments
• Wireline services • Commercial Evaluation
• Mud engineering and logging • Human resource services (e.g. recruitment)
• Snubbing Services • Health and Safety
• Completions • Legal services – supply contract negotiations
• Cementing
• Fishing and downhole services
• Equipment rental
• Platform fabrication
• Towing and position services
• Pipeline construction
• Sub-sea and diving services

4. Examples of upstream services
Project phase Energy Services Energy-related services
Upstream • Platform operations • Health and Safety
operations • Supply boats • Training
• Hospitality (accommodation and • Human resource services
food) • Taxation and accounting services
• Helicopter services
• Platform and pipeline maintenance
• Non-destructive testing
• Pumping services
• Chemical supplies

5. Examples of mid-stream services
Project phase Energy Services Energy-related services
Transportation • Pipeline transportation of gas or • Health and Safety
oil • Trade and marketing
• Shipping of oil
• Shipping of LNG, LPG or CNG
Refining and • Front End Engineering and • Legal services
primary Design • Health and Safety
processing • Engineering, Procurement • Training
Construction • Human resource services
• Plant construction • Taxation and accounting services
• Plant operations • Environmental Impact Assessment
• Plant “turn-arounds” and • Advisory services (e.g. political risk,
maintenance community relations)
• Port and pier operations • Marketing and trading

6. Examples of downstream services
Project phase Energy Services Energy-related services
Power • Power plant construction • Legal services
generation • Power generation • Health and Safety
• Maintenance • Training
• Transmission line construction • Human resource services
• Transmission of electricity • Taxation and accounting services
• Distribution and sales • Environmental Impact Assessment
• Energy efficiency advisory services • Advisory services (e.g. political risk,
community relations)
• Marketing and trading
Retail and • Road tanker transportation of fuels • Legal services
distribution • Pipeline transportation of fuels and gas • Health and Safety
• Bulk sales of fuels • Training
• Bunkering • Human resource services
• Retail sales of gas by pipeline • Taxation and accounting services
• Retail sale of LPG • Environmental Impact Assessment
• Retail sales of gasoline or diesel • Advisory services (e.g. political risk,
community relations)
• Marketing and trading

7. There is capacity to deliver most of the services demanded by the
hydro-carbon sector from Trinidad & Tobago companies.
However:
• Capacity in front-end engineering design and major project
management is lacking, through this is increasingly supplied
by joint-venture companies operating in T&T.
• Very limited capacity in research and development activities:
very few companies own the technology that they use to
deliver services.

8. Trinidad & Tobago dominates regional
market for energy – also the major market for services

9. Price differentials have an impact on the demand for
different types of services
Electricity prices - commercial
Sourece: CARILEC

10. Demand for Energy Services
Country Oil and Gas Renewables Refining and Power Transport and
primary generation distribution of
processing and fuels
Exploration Production Exploration Production transmission
Belize
Barbados
Dominican Republic
Guyana
Jamaica
St Kitts / Nevis
St Lucia
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago