Presented at the Africa Agriculture Science week in Accra, Ghana on July 17th 2013, during CPWF's side event ‘Engagement platforms for food and water security: opportunities to harness innovation to improve livelihoods and resilience in Africa’
4. We have exceeded three of the nine Planetary
boundaries – danger of greater risks and
uncertainty emerging
Agriculture is the dominant contributing factor
and the solution
5. How do we transform agriculture to meet
human prosperity and global sustainability?
The Challenge:
We need to increase productivity in a sustainable
manner that ensures the provision of ecosystems
services with limited if any further lateral expansion of
lands under crops and pastures.
This will ensure that we stay within the safe operating
space.
6. How do we transform agriculture to meet
human prosperity and global sustainability?
How will this be achieved?
Through a ‘paradigm shift’ that recognises that
agricultural production systems are “a wholly owned
subsidiary of the ecosystems and natural capital”
they are dependent upon
7. Benefit sharing mechanisms in the Andes
Fuquene, Colombia
S
Annual net income:
US$ 2,183/ha
Annual net income:
US$ 1,870/ha
Conservation
agriculture and
paramo
restoration
supported by
revolving fund
Revolving fund credit:
+180 farmers /year
Potato
cropping, grazing
pressure, degradation
of paramo
8. Another example here ?
• From rainfed SRP (termites, goats, or ?)
• (See next slide the goats example that
could refer back to our CPWF side event)
9. A virtuous circle that triggers change to
a more resilient state
S
SRecurrent droughts,
increasing climate
variability, poor
connection to markets
Local markets
Producers self-esteem
Improved rangeland
production replacing
US$15 / goat of stock
feed value
Improved livestock:
US$ 50 per goat
Goat mortality
down to 10%
Rainfed maize cropping: US$16/ha
Livestock: US$10 per goat
10. Our vision:
A world in which agriculture thrives within
vibrant ecosystems, where communities
have higher incomes, improved food
security and the ability to continuously
improve their lives
11. The Game Changers for Sub-Saharan
Africa……..
• What if smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa
were able to grow crops all year round?
• What if we could prevent degradation and restore
degraded lands?
• What if wastes and used water could have a
second life in agriculture?
• What if excess water during floods could be stored
in natural and man made systems and used during
droughts?
15. What if we could prevent degradation
and restore degraded lands?
16. Now is an exciting
time for renewed
coordinated efforts
towards a ‘land
degradation neutral
(or better!) world’
More than 95 million has of arable
land, or 75% of the total in SSA has
degraded or highly degraded soil and
farmers lose eight million tons of soil
nutrients each year, estimated to be worth
$4 billion...
Land Degradation is a Classic ‘Wicked
Problem”
17. 1. Advances in research
Social Science
CIRAD
IWMI, CPWF, CIAT, WRI
Inclusion of the people’s voice
within the scientific research
framework at many scales Wet season Dry season
18. 1. Advances in research
Soil Science RS/GIS
CIAT, ICRAF, CU, ISRIC, Purdue, FAO-
GSP, countries in sub-Saharan Africa
and Latin America
Diagnosing,
assessing and
mapping
Erosionprevalence
Soil pH
Volta Basin
Soil Carbon
Digital Soil Map
19. 1. Advances in research
Ecosystem Services
Trade-off Analysis
Environmental Economics
IFPRI, Bioversity, CIAT, IWMI, CPWF, ELD
Costs of Action vs. Cost of Inaction
InVEST Framework
Supply Demand
20. 2. Alignment of global initiatives
• Rio+20 ‘The future we want’ Land Degradation Neutral’
• UN Sustainable Development Goals
• FAO’s Global Soil Partnership
3. Drivers of change as opportunities
• Public and Private Investment, CAADP and GrowAfrica
• Urbanization, feminization of agriculture
• Increased price of food
• Investments in hydropower and mining
21. Study Landscapes in Focal Regions
+/-10 Study
Landscapes Tanzania,
Malawi, Kenya, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Burkina Faso, Niger,
Lao PDR, Cambodia,
Myanmar, Nicaragua, El
Salvador
Building on CPWF
and other Programs
Working with
FTA
CCAFS
Humidtropics
Dryland Systems
22. Partnership for Outcomes
LANDSCAPE
NATIONAL
REGIONAL
GLOBAL
DELIVER RESEARCH OUTCOMES – impact multiplies through partners
Potential beneficiaries 10’s of thousands
0–6years3–6years6–9years
• Global initiatives informed and inspired by research,
support national and landscape investments
• New investments made by IFAD, GIZ, GEF
• Public and private
• Policy, Regulation, Incentives support adoption
Strategies adopted that are
site specific, gender & equity
sensitive
FAO, GSP, UNCCD,
ELD, GEF, UNEP,
UNDP
National Agriculture
and NRM policy CAADP,
IFAD, GIZ, SDC
Communities, civil
society, NGO’s,
national extension,
ARI’s, IFAD, SDC
100’s of thousands Millions
24. How?
Content and structure
• Equity triangle
• Gender integration in SRPs
and gender specific
Architecture:
– Embedded: not just one approach
– Budget - working towards full accounting
– Voting member of the management committee
– Growing with partners
Poverty
InstitutionsGender
25. What?
Towards:
• More equitable access to water, land and ecosystems services.
• Improved decision making - inclusion in resource
management
Research questions:
• The African farmer and her husband: Feminization of
agriculture
• Mother and earth: Replenishing and fostering agriculture
Develop:
Investable options for women
29. Principles
• People are fundamental
• Human and Natural systems are tightly coupled.
• Ecological processes in the portfolio of options.
• Multifunctionality: Complex Adaptive Systems
• Resilience: shocks will occur.
• Recognize we might have to modify ecosystems
• Large scale: basin as maximum extent (CPR)
It is clear from a global perspective that growth along current trajectories using today’s technologies is bound to fail. It would exceed planetary boundaries that ensure stability in our food production systems and lead to environmental degradation that will stop growth and even threaten major reversals of living standards through pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, famines, floods, displacement, and collapsing agricultural productivity.
Ten WLE target basins and regions are: the Andes, Limpopo, Zambezi, Volta, Niger, Nile, Indus and Ganges, Mekong, Amu Darya and Syr Darya, and Tigris and Euphrates.As the map above shows, current WLE investments are in some of the poorest regions of the world where there are pressing water-related problems. For instance, it works in sub-Saharan Africa where there are high levels of food insecurity and rainfall variability. Many of its activities in Southeast Asia focus on addressing water, food and energy-related issues, where hydropower needs to be balanced with other development needs such as agriculture and fisheries.
Business opportunities for resource recovery and reuseSafe wastewater and excreta reuse
Complex problems that shift and change over scale and time, solutions requires people to changetheir mind-sets and behavior , and as such are social and political, many create problems elsewhere require collective action
CGIAR projects and programs are a major vehicle through which these initiatives can land on the ground….
Entry points, issues and size of landscape can differSoil health, nutrient mismanagementEco-efficient intensificationEnvironment/ productivity tradeoffsSiltation and water qualityManaging biodiversityCo-managing landscapesUpstream/downstream tradeoffs
Ecosystems modify river flows: affecting the rates of transpiration and evaporation influencing how water is routed and stored in a basinSome ecosystems act like natural reservoirs and regulate flows: decrease wet season flows increase dry season flows This work is now being further developed through WLE and another UNEP project in the Volta and the Mekong. For many ecosystems there is little quantitative information on the extent to which they modify flows.This makes it difficult to incorporate natural flow regulation in planning and management of water resources. This Project: Evaluated how different ecosystems (wetlands, floodplains and forests) affect flow in the Zambezi Basin Developed a method whereby natural flow regulating impacts can be quantified and incorporated in decision-making This Project: Evaluated how different ecosystems (wetlands, floodplains and forests) affect flow in the Zambezi Basin Developed a method whereby natural flow regulating impacts can be quantified and incorporated in decision-making