Conference ICCIC High Schools Barcelona 2013
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Conference given to 2 high schools of the Institucio Cultural del CIC in Barcelona: Escola Thau (Junior High School) and Batxillerats (High School)
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Conference ICCIC High Schools Barcelona 2013
- 1. Avons-nous assez d’eau pour nourrir la planète ? Oui…, mais… Alain Vidal, Directeur CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food
- 3. 3
- 4. Water, food and poverty analyzed in 10 basins 1,5 milliard d’habitants 50% des « très pauvres » < 1€/j Niger
- 5. Crues de l’Indus 2010
- 6. Avons-nous assez d’eau pour nourrir la planète ?
- 7. Le lien entre l’eau et l’alimentation 2-5L 20-500L 500-3000L par jour Par jour Par Kg Un régime végétarien consomme 2000 L/jour Un régime à base de viande nourrie au grain 5000 L/jour
- 8. [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
- 9. [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
- 10. [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
- 11. [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
- 12. La demande en eau pour l’alimentation augmente avec le niveau de vie Lundqvist, 2008 GDP US$/cap/yr
- 13. 30 à 40% de notre alimentation - donc de l’eau agricole - est gaspillée
- 14. Il y a assez d’eau pour couvrir nos besoins, mais nous la gérons mal ! Rendre les écosystèmes plus productifs Partager les bénéfices de façon équitables Faire évoluer les institutions actrices de l’eau
- 15. Oui…mais… Comment ? GANGE MEKONG LIMPOPO
- 16. L’élevage: sécurité et levier de développement en Afrique australe
- 17. Innover pour sortir de la pauvreté Marchés locaux Responsabilisation des produteurs (50% de femmes), meilleure gestion des pâturages remplaçant 15$US par chèvre de fourrage Elevage amélioré: 60$US / chèvre 150$US par an Sécheresses récurrentes Mortalité 10% variabilité climatique croissante, faible connection aux marchés Maïs pluvial : 16$US par exploitation Elevage: 30$US par an – mortalité 20%
- 18. Pêche et hydro-électricité durables dans le bassin du Mekong
- 19. Soif d’énergie mais faim de poisson… Un bassin riche en eau La pêche fournit 50-80% des protéines animales pour 60 millions d’habitants et MRC, 2010 50% du revenu des ruraux Pêche et sécurité alimentaire menacées par les discontinuités dues aux grands barrages hydroélectriques
- 20. Comment faire co-exister durablement pêche et production d’énergie ? Techniques et pratiques de gestion de l’eau améliorant les bénéfices des communautés riveraines Systèmes riz-poisson Recréation de zones humides dans les réservoirs
- 21. La montée des eaux : une opportunité pour les pauvres du Delta du Ganges ?
- 22. Une des régions les plus pauvres de la planète Pauvreté, insécurité alimentaire, vulnérabilité Exploitations 0,2 à 0,6 ha Revenu par famille 700$US/an 80% de la population sous le seuil de pauvreté Excès d’eau en saison des pluies Salinité et pénurie en saison sèche BBS / WorldBank / WFP (2009)
- 23. Un potentiel inexploité mais une pression croissante de la salinité Large potentiel d’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire et des revenus Salinité : une contrainte à transformer en Soil salinity opportunité None Very slight Slight Strong Very strong
- 24. Intensification durable des polders: enjeux techniques et institutionnels Daily water salinity Lower threshold limit of salinity - Shrimp Upper threshold limit of salinity - Rice Water salinity (ppt) Rice Shrimp Plusieurs mises en valeur possibles : diversification des cultures, poisson Date et crevettes Des changements politiques nécessaires à tous les niveaux : maintenance des canaux, abandon de la monoculture de riz
- 25. Et chez nous, de nouveaux styles de vie ? Déjà adoptés pour le carbone et le réchauffement climatique: De la voiture au transports en commun / vélo Energies « renouvelables » Isolation des bâtiments Et vous, que faites-vous ?
- 26. De nouveaux styles de vie ? Et pour l’eau ? Effet quasi-immédiat (contrairement au carbone) Economiser l’eau domestique (douche, WC, brossage des dents…) Changer nos habitudes alimentaires : 1 jour par semaine sans viande = 50% d’eau domestique en plus ! Boycotter les agrocarburants de 1ère génération (SP95-E10): 1 plein = 15600 litres ! Et vous, qu’êtes-vous prêt(e)s à faire ?
- 27. Merci a.vidal@cgiar.org www.waterandfood.org www.slideshare.net/cpwf
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Poor communities, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa will be the most at risk, given the high degree of natural resource-based livelihoods, social and climatic vulnerability, food insecurity, future growth in water demand, and decline in food production as a result of droughts or floods. In 2012, Eighteen million people in the Sahel region face food shortages from a combination of climate change, low productivity, political conflict and soaring prices.
- The Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) of the CGIAR has analyzed poverty-water relationships on 10 river basins including: the Andes and São Francisco in South America; the Limpopo, Niger, Nile and Volta basins in Africa; and the Ganges, Indus, Karkheh, Mekong, and Yellow in Asia. These basins – distinct and gargantuan geographic areas defined by water flows from high-ground to streams that feed major river systems – cover 13.5 million square kilometers and are home to some 1.5 billion people, and half of the world ’ s poorest .
- Climate change and increased disaster risks being mostly felt through alterations in the hydrological cycle, impacting on water availability, communities access to water and sanitation, and ultimately affecting people ’ s health, nutrition and food security.
- It costs about 21,000 litres of water to produce 1 kg of roasted coffee. For a standard cup of coffee we require 7 gram of roasted coffee, so that a cup of coffee costs 140 litres of water. Assuming that a standard cup of coffee is 125 ml, we thus need more than 1100 drops of water for producing one drop of coffee. Drinking tea instead of coffee would save a lot of water. For a standard cup of tea of 250 ml we require 30 litres of water.
- The water footprint of pure chocolate is 2400 litres for a 100-gram bar (as a world average!). Composition of dark chocolate: 40% cocoa paste (water footprint 33260 litres/kg); 20% cocoa butter (water footprint 50730 litres/kg); 40% sugar (water footprint 1526 litres/kg). We then can calculate: 40% 33260 + 20% 50730 + 40% 1526 = 24060 litres/kg = 2400 liters for one 100gr chocolate bar. The water footprint of milk powder is 4600 litres/kg, so that milk chocolate will have a bit larger water footprint (about 2500 litres for one 100gr chocolate bar) than dark chocolate when total cocoa content remains the same. Most crucial for the water footprint of chocolate is the cocoa paste and cocoa butter content.
- The major part of the water footprint of a hamburger refers to the water needed to make the feed for the cow.
- Huge potential to continue to increase production in areas where levels are currently low, if proper access to water and markets is given to communities. This, in turn, could create the right incentives for 'sustainable intensification ’ . There is a need to go beyond concepts of 'transfers', such as Payment for Environmental Service schemes, to more nuanced agreements that promote collaboration and 'win-win' situations where benefits are shared between different groups. Benefits (and risks) need to be shared in order for all of the diverse actor groups that make up society to be able to develop. While globally there is enough water to sustain human development and environmental needs, water-related conflicts will continue if we do not manage our resources well. A radical reform of how water is managed and used is necessary. This includes reform of the institutions that govern water resources . For the most part, there is a complete fragmentation of how water is managed amongst different actors, and even countries, where the water needs of different sectors—agriculture, industry, environment, mining—are considered separately, rather than as interrelated and interdependent. Institutions must develop a holistic approach to address the issues of unequal development that lead to unequal sharing of resources and benefits.
- Long-standing project in Zimbabwe. In Gwanda district, a diverse and active innovation platform has created a strong local market for goats , helping raise the value of one goat from US$10 to $60. The increased value serves as an incentive for farmers to invest in the survival of their goats, by growing their own stock feed, purchasing commercial stock feed and improving rangeland management. The innovation platform has engendered a virtuous cycle, in which farmers ’ self-esteem and confidence has improved and a more biodiverse and productive farming system has emerged. And the system is more resilient than before; the rainwater that falls on the improved production systems is now adding value to the system and water is also saved by the sharp reduction in goat mortality.