SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 13
Wakerupper
SECRET WORD ,[object Object]
CHAPTER 2 Foundation of Verbal Knowledge
In three pieces of paper write… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The language dilemma ,[object Object],[object Object]
How did we get here? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do we learn language? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How did we get here? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Functions of language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language Distortion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The language dilemma ,[object Object]
MAKE UP WORDS!
Functions of language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Bilingualism in children
Bilingualism in childrenBilingualism in children
Bilingualism in childrenjaquerkld92
 
Speech, language and communication
Speech, language and communicationSpeech, language and communication
Speech, language and communicationRALLICampaign
 
Phonological awareness
Phonological awarenessPhonological awareness
Phonological awarenessAna Havisham
 
Language and sounds Ahmed Qadoury Abed
Language and sounds Ahmed Qadoury AbedLanguage and sounds Ahmed Qadoury Abed
Language and sounds Ahmed Qadoury AbedAhmed Qadoury Abed
 
Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two)
Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two) Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two)
Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two) Hathib KK
 
Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...
Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...
Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...Susan Dee
 
The purpose of language
The purpose of languageThe purpose of language
The purpose of languageAneshia Beach
 
Phonological awareness umbrella pdf
Phonological awareness umbrella pdfPhonological awareness umbrella pdf
Phonological awareness umbrella pdfadriana palomo
 
6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisition6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisitionautonomouslearningmodel
 
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic AwarenessPhonemic Awareness
Phonemic AwarenessTahaneeH
 
Lesson 1 defining language
Lesson 1 defining languageLesson 1 defining language
Lesson 1 defining languageAneshia Beach
 
6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisition6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisitionautonomouslearningmodel
 
Learning a Second Language at Home and at School
Learning a Second Language at Home and at SchoolLearning a Second Language at Home and at School
Learning a Second Language at Home and at SchoolMohammed Alkhamali
 
Second language learning
Second language learningSecond language learning
Second language learningnvall101
 
Oral language development
Oral language developmentOral language development
Oral language developmentKat OngCan
 
Language & Communication
Language & CommunicationLanguage & Communication
Language & Communicationsocalledvogue
 

What's hot (18)

Bilingualism in children
Bilingualism in childrenBilingualism in children
Bilingualism in children
 
Speech, language and communication
Speech, language and communicationSpeech, language and communication
Speech, language and communication
 
Phonological awareness
Phonological awarenessPhonological awareness
Phonological awareness
 
Language and sounds Ahmed Qadoury Abed
Language and sounds Ahmed Qadoury AbedLanguage and sounds Ahmed Qadoury Abed
Language and sounds Ahmed Qadoury Abed
 
Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two)
Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two) Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two)
Language and communication ( The chemistry between the two)
 
Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...
Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...
Playing with Words: Phonological Awareness in Shared Reading & Interactive Wr...
 
The purpose of language
The purpose of languageThe purpose of language
The purpose of language
 
Phonological awareness umbrella pdf
Phonological awareness umbrella pdfPhonological awareness umbrella pdf
Phonological awareness umbrella pdf
 
6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisition6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisition
 
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic AwarenessPhonemic Awareness
Phonemic Awareness
 
Language of communication
Language of communicationLanguage of communication
Language of communication
 
Lesson 1 defining language
Lesson 1 defining languageLesson 1 defining language
Lesson 1 defining language
 
6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisition6. Principles About Language Acquisition
6. Principles About Language Acquisition
 
Learning a Second Language at Home and at School
Learning a Second Language at Home and at SchoolLearning a Second Language at Home and at School
Learning a Second Language at Home and at School
 
Second language learning
Second language learningSecond language learning
Second language learning
 
Oral language development
Oral language developmentOral language development
Oral language development
 
Language & Communication
Language & CommunicationLanguage & Communication
Language & Communication
 
Bilingualism ppp
Bilingualism pppBilingualism ppp
Bilingualism ppp
 

Similar to Chapter 2: Verbal Language

Chapter 2: Foundations of Verbal Language
Chapter 2: Foundations of Verbal LanguageChapter 2: Foundations of Verbal Language
Chapter 2: Foundations of Verbal LanguageAndi Narvaez
 
TheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptx
TheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptxTheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptx
TheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptxMaryGraceYgotParacha
 
Speech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & Norbury
Speech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & NorburySpeech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & Norbury
Speech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & NorburyDorothy Bishop
 
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic AwarenessPhonemic Awareness
Phonemic AwarenessMary Bless
 
Language development
Language developmentLanguage development
Language developmentHennaAnsari
 
Chapter 1 - Class.pptx
Chapter 1 - Class.pptxChapter 1 - Class.pptx
Chapter 1 - Class.pptxbrianjars
 
A Balanced Literacy Program for Special Education
A Balanced Literacy Program for Special EducationA Balanced Literacy Program for Special Education
A Balanced Literacy Program for Special EducationJoanne Cardullo
 
Language And Critical Thinking
Language And Critical ThinkingLanguage And Critical Thinking
Language And Critical Thinkingcitychamp9
 
Language Acquisition And System
Language Acquisition And SystemLanguage Acquisition And System
Language Acquisition And SystemKristen Turner
 
A mind at time 2
A mind at time 2A mind at time 2
A mind at time 2parulata
 
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo TomásOverview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo TomásMauricio Buitrago
 
Grammar for mature writing
Grammar for mature writingGrammar for mature writing
Grammar for mature writingLucyChau2
 

Similar to Chapter 2: Verbal Language (20)

Chapter 2: Verbal Communication
Chapter 2: Verbal CommunicationChapter 2: Verbal Communication
Chapter 2: Verbal Communication
 
Chapter 2: Foundations of Verbal Language
Chapter 2: Foundations of Verbal LanguageChapter 2: Foundations of Verbal Language
Chapter 2: Foundations of Verbal Language
 
Language
LanguageLanguage
Language
 
TheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptx
TheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptxTheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptx
TheoreticalFoundations of Mother Tongue.pptx
 
Skyline Language
Skyline LanguageSkyline Language
Skyline Language
 
Read 3204 Day 8 Feb. 4, 2010
Read 3204 Day 8 Feb. 4, 2010Read 3204 Day 8 Feb. 4, 2010
Read 3204 Day 8 Feb. 4, 2010
 
Speech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & Norbury
Speech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & NorburySpeech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & Norbury
Speech and language disorders (2008) Bishop & Norbury
 
CP wk 11
CP wk 11CP wk 11
CP wk 11
 
First tutoring section 2015 1
First tutoring section 2015 1First tutoring section 2015 1
First tutoring section 2015 1
 
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic AwarenessPhonemic Awareness
Phonemic Awareness
 
Language development
Language developmentLanguage development
Language development
 
Chapter 1 - Class.pptx
Chapter 1 - Class.pptxChapter 1 - Class.pptx
Chapter 1 - Class.pptx
 
Chapter 3 Final
Chapter 3   FinalChapter 3   Final
Chapter 3 Final
 
A Balanced Literacy Program for Special Education
A Balanced Literacy Program for Special EducationA Balanced Literacy Program for Special Education
A Balanced Literacy Program for Special Education
 
Language And Critical Thinking
Language And Critical ThinkingLanguage And Critical Thinking
Language And Critical Thinking
 
Language acquisition
Language acquisitionLanguage acquisition
Language acquisition
 
Language Acquisition And System
Language Acquisition And SystemLanguage Acquisition And System
Language Acquisition And System
 
A mind at time 2
A mind at time 2A mind at time 2
A mind at time 2
 
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo TomásOverview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
 
Grammar for mature writing
Grammar for mature writingGrammar for mature writing
Grammar for mature writing
 

More from COMM107 Oral Communication: Principles and Practice

More from COMM107 Oral Communication: Principles and Practice (20)

Chapter 16: Persuasive public speaking
Chapter 16: Persuasive public speakingChapter 16: Persuasive public speaking
Chapter 16: Persuasive public speaking
 
Chapter 15: Informative public speaking
Chapter 15: Informative public speakingChapter 15: Informative public speaking
Chapter 15: Informative public speaking
 
Chapter 13 Public speaking-Structuring the message
Chapter 13 Public speaking-Structuring the messageChapter 13 Public speaking-Structuring the message
Chapter 13 Public speaking-Structuring the message
 
Chapter 12 Public speaking- Developing the message
Chapter 12 Public speaking- Developing the messageChapter 12 Public speaking- Developing the message
Chapter 12 Public speaking- Developing the message
 
Chapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the message
Chapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the messageChapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the message
Chapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the message
 
Chapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the message
Chapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the messageChapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the message
Chapter 11: Public speaking-Planning the message
 
Chapter 9 and 10: Groups
Chapter 9 and 10: GroupsChapter 9 and 10: Groups
Chapter 9 and 10: Groups
 
Chapter 7: Interpersonal Skills
Chapter 7: Interpersonal SkillsChapter 7: Interpersonal Skills
Chapter 7: Interpersonal Skills
 
Chapter 8: The Interview
Chapter 8: The InterviewChapter 8: The Interview
Chapter 8: The Interview
 
Chapter 5: Intrapersonal Communication
Chapter 5: Intrapersonal CommunicationChapter 5: Intrapersonal Communication
Chapter 5: Intrapersonal Communication
 
Chapter 4: Listening
Chapter 4: ListeningChapter 4: Listening
Chapter 4: Listening
 
Chapter 3: Nonverbal Communication
Chapter 3: Nonverbal CommunicationChapter 3: Nonverbal Communication
Chapter 3: Nonverbal Communication
 
Chapter 1: The Human Communication Process
Chapter 1: The Human Communication ProcessChapter 1: The Human Communication Process
Chapter 1: The Human Communication Process
 
Intro presentation
Intro presentationIntro presentation
Intro presentation
 
Chapter 16 persuasive public speaking
Chapter 16   persuasive public speakingChapter 16   persuasive public speaking
Chapter 16 persuasive public speaking
 
TED Talks
TED TalksTED Talks
TED Talks
 
Chapter 16: Persuasive public speaking
Chapter 16: Persuasive public speakingChapter 16: Persuasive public speaking
Chapter 16: Persuasive public speaking
 
Chapter 12 and 13: Public speaking-developing and structuring the message
Chapter 12 and 13: Public speaking-developing and structuring the messageChapter 12 and 13: Public speaking-developing and structuring the message
Chapter 12 and 13: Public speaking-developing and structuring the message
 
Chapter 8: The Interview
Chapter 8: The InterviewChapter 8: The Interview
Chapter 8: The Interview
 
Chapter 9 and 10: Groups
Chapter 9 and 10: GroupsChapter 9 and 10: Groups
Chapter 9 and 10: Groups
 

Recently uploaded

SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxAmanpreet Kaur
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdfVishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdfssuserdda66b
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Association for Project Management
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...ZurliaSoop
 
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024Elizabeth Walsh
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.christianmathematics
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxRamakrishna Reddy Bijjam
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...christianmathematics
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the ClassroomPooky Knightsmith
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsMebane Rash
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.MaryamAhmad92
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxVishalSingh1417
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - Englishneillewis46
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxEsquimalt MFRC
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentationcamerronhm
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdfVishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
 
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 

Chapter 2: Verbal Language