The Livestock & Fish Program

1. The Livestock & Fish Program
Tom Randolph
Nicaragua Dairy Value Chain Planning Meeting
Managua, 5 August 2013

2. The challenge
• Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture
development to benefit the poor?
– Mixed record to date
– Systematic under-investment
– Also related to our research-for-development model?
• Focus on increasing productivity of small-scale production
and marketing systems
– ‘by the poor’  poverty reduction
– ‘for the poor’  food security

3. Managing a smoother transition out of agriculture
• Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America
(Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :
• Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial producers,
accumulate capital and transition out of agriculture?
 deeper rural economic growth
 avoid social disruption
(Johnston et al. 1995)
1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial
farmers
1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to
the city
1/3 Could go either way

4. But productivity gap remains despite
investment in livestock development
0.06
0.08
0.03
0.17
0.06
0.11
0.04
0.2
Meat
(kg output/kg biomass/yr)
1980
2005
411
1021
517
4226
397
1380
904
6350Milk
(kg/cow/yr)
1980
2005

5. Consumers
Solutions developed for isolated issues in specific settings, but
ignoring other constraints in the value chain that discourage
uptake
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country A
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country D
...in Country C
...in Country B
Why haven’t we had more impact?
Is it the piecemeal nature of our research?

6. A smarter approach?
Drawing from recent experiences,
can we accelerate research to impact?

7. Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms
• Technology Generation
• Market Innovation
• Targeting & Impact
ConsumersR4D integrated to
transform selected
value chains
In targeted
commodities and
countries.
Value chain development team + research partners
GLOBAL RESEARCH PUBLIC
GOODS
INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE OUT
REGIONALLY
#1: Addressing the whole value chain
Major intervention with development partners
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
#2: Working directly to design and support intervention at scale
#3: In partnership with development actors

8. #4 Focus, focus, focus!
Working in 8 target value chains  accountability
PIGS
AQUACULTURE
SHEEP & GOATS
DAIRY
DUAL-PURPOSE
CATTLE

9. Our engagement in a value chain embodies our impact pathway
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year
8-12
Relativedegreeofinvolvement
Research
partners
Development
partners
Assessment
Mobilization
Best bets
Experiment
s
Evaluation
Evidence
Design
Piloting
Lessons
Context
Advocacy
Disseminatio
n
Attracting
investment
Implementin
g large-scale
interventions
Knowledge
partner
Along the impact pathway

10. DEVELOPMENT
Strategic partners
Global
Regional
Local
• CARE
• SNV
• Novus
• FAO
• NGOs (CRS,Heifer, ..)
• Private Sector
• TechnoServe
• Etc.
RESEARCH
Global
Regional
Local
• SLU (Sw)
• Wageningen UR
• CATIE
• UNA
• INTA

11. Our proposition
Increased access to animal-source foods for the
poor, especially women and children, can be achieved at scale
by strengthening carefully selected meat, milk and fish value
chains in which the poor can capture a significant share of the
benefits. Technologies and lessons generated through this
focused approach will be applicable in broader regional and
global settings.
More meat, milk and fish by and for the poor

12. Research outputs to global development goals
MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years
CGIAR System Level
Outcomes Livestock & Fish goals
Intermediate Development Outcomes
+ Target statements + Theory of Change
9-12 years
Value Chain Impact Pathway
VC1 Nicaragua VC2 Uganda VC3 India etc.
Δ behaviour
 direct benefit
3-yr milestones
0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs
(research, capacity building, engagement)
IPG Impact
Pathway
Enabling
Environment
3-yr milestones

13. Research outputs to global development goals
MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years SLO1 Reduce Poverty
CRP goals
IDO6 Better
policies9-12 years
Value Chain Impact Pathway0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs
• Actionable options
• Engagement/transformation Process
• Evidence base
IPG Impact Pathway
SLO2 Food Security
SLO3 Nutrition & Health
SLO4 Environment
IDO5 Environmental
benefits
IDO4 Reduce
nutrient gap
IDO3 More
employment
&
income, esp.
for women
IDO1 Improved
productivity
IDO2 More &
better supply
IDO7 More
forage?

14. Status
• Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers
• Officially started January 1st, 2012
• Forming core team
• Developing strategy by component and value chain
• Identifying strategic partners
• Consolidating ongoing activities

15. Nicaragua Value Chain
Progress so far
• VC Analysis (on-going)
• Bilateral projects being implemented
• Proposal Development
• Institutional linkages
• Key achievements in 2012 and 2013
– Funding partly secured through bilateral projects (recent:
ADA, FSP-Solidaridad
– Preliminary analysis value chain (workshops)
– Development of innovative concepts related to the dairy value
chain, including carbon insetting and combining forage options
with agroforestry practices

16. Nicaragua Value Chain
Partners and other major actors
• Research institutes: CATIE
• Government: Ministry of Agriculture, INTA
• Famers associations – cooperatives
(CONAGAN, UNAG, NicaCentro)
• Sector organizations – CANISLAC, CANICARNE
• Private sector – Dairy and meat processing
(Centrolac, Eskimo, MACESA, San Martin)
• Universities (national: UNA, UCA; international:
Florida, Mississippi)
• Development organizations, NGOs, consultants –
CRS, Heifer, Solidaridad, TechnoServe

17. Nicaragua Value Chain
Bilateral projects activities in 2014
THEME DONOR SINCE
Integration of new forage hybrids to intensify
agriculture and to mitigate climate change through
regulation of nitrification in soil
BMZ Mid 2012
Dry season forage options and dairy processing USDA
through CRS
Starting
Increasing the productivity of dual-purpose cattle in
Nicaragua through use of appropriate breed types
and application of best husbandry practices
ADA Starting
Sustainable grassland intensification through
ecosystem services and improved grazing
management strategies
USAID Starting
Competitive beef and dairy through sustainable
intensification and specialized market access
Netherlands
Government
(FSP) /
Solidaridad
Starting

18. Nicaragua Value Chain
Main activities expected in 2014
• Refined VCA tools developed (2013)
• Situational analysis implemented using VCA tools
• Dual-purpose productivity improved in target areas
• Ecosystem services identified and validated
(e.g., carbon insetting) to increase natural resource
integrity and generate income
• Cattle farmers with acquired knowledge and
implementing good farm management practices

19. Nicaragua Value Chain
Main challenges we are facing
• Sustained funding (flagship) – developing concept
notes and proposals
• Critical mass – hiring staff, collaboration/integration
with other CRPs and partners (e.g., CATIE, Heifer)
• Knowledge/Expertise – hiring specialized
staff, collaboration with other CRPs, partners
• Partner involvement – workshops, communicating
results, “advocacy”
• Effective impact pathways – workshops, consultations
with partners/ vc actors

20. CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems
in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org