Presentation by Dr. Sanjaya Mishra at the Intel Educators Academy on 24 April 2013 organized by the Learning Links Foundation for the National ICT Awardee Teachers

1. Commonwealth Educational
Media Centre for Asia
Developing Culture of
Sharing Educational
Resources
Philosophy, Technology and Practice

2. A Childhood riddle…
What is it that does not
get reduced after sharing
with someone else?
KNOWLEDGE

3. Role of Teachers
What teachers do?
– Explain
– Interpret
– Guide
– Share
– Write
– Counselling
– Assessing
– Facilitate
– Any other?
 What you do?

4. Meaning of Terms
 Author/Creator: is the originator of any written
work
 Copyright: exclusive right given by law to the
author/creator of a work
 What can be copyrighted? – Any work which is
not an exact copy of someone else’s work
 Can ideas be copyrighted? No… only expression
of ideas are copyrighted...
 Can copyright be transferred? Yes, an author can
assign copyright to another person, as in the
case of property

5. Knowledge Commons
 Who owns knowledge?
 Researcher stands on the shoulder of giants
 Previous research is necessary for new
research
 Knowledge is Free – Information is not.
 Data Information Knowledge

6. Knowledge Resources Formats
 Books
 Periodicals
 A/V Media
 Online Web Resources
– Text
– Audio
– Video
– Graphics
– Animation
Learning
Objects

7. History and Developments
 MIT OpenCourseWare, 2001
 UNESCO Forum on the Impact of Open
Courseware for Higher Education in
Developing Countries, 2002
 OLI-CMU, 2002
 OER Paris Declaration 2012

8. OER: Definition
 teaching, learning and research materials in
any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside
in the public domain or have been released
under an open license that permits no-cost
access, use, adaptation and redistribution by
others with no or limited restrictions. Open
licensing is built within the existing
framework of intellectual property rights as
defined by relevant international conventions
and respects the authorship of the work

9. What is “Open”?
 It’s about open license used to share
educational material
 Reuse
 Revise
 Remix
 Redistribute
 No permission required as long as the open
license is respected

10. Open Licenses
Creative Commons
 CC-BY
 CC-BY-SA
 CC-BY-NC
 CC-BY-NC-SA
 CC-BY-ND
 CC-BY-NC-ND
Concepts
 Attribution
 Share Alike
 Non-Commercial
 Non-Derivative

11. Technology and Platforms
 Wikipedia, Wikieducator, Wikivarsity
 Wikispaces, etc.
 Connexions
 MIT OpenCourseware
 OLI-CMU
 FlexiLearn
 OpenLearn
 OER Commons

12. Major issues
 Understanding open license
 Developing OER
 Finding and using OER

13. Searching OER
 Activity to search OER
– Search one video on OER under CC license
– Search a course in OER on a subject of your
interest

14. Wiki-approach to content
development and teaching
 Meaning quick, quick is a Hawaiian
word, coined by Ward Cunningham in 2005
 Popular example is Wikipedia
 User can edit the pages
 History of the page created can be checked
and reverted back
 Courses are open to all
 Provides a collaborative learning platform to
the learners

15. OER Use Case Study 1
• Open Education, 2007
• David Wiley taught a
3 credit course using
Wiki
• Used weekly reading
and blogging
• Assignments and
grading
• Over 50 learners took
this course

16. OER use Case Study 2
• SLM Development, 2008
• Sanjaya Mishra trained
20 individuals to write
self-learning materials
• Used weekly reading and
GoogleGroup
• Wiki-based Tasks to
develop SLM using wiki
• Learning contract,
certification, online
activities, visible outputs

17. OER use Case Study 3
• Bangladesh Open
School, SLM Training
• F2F and Online
training
• Development of Units
• Collaborative course
Development

18. Wiki in Course Development
 MediaWiki Server can be configured to have two
iteration of the same course content
 One for the Course Team, and the other for learners'
access
 Course Team member work to prepare the materials that
may require content expertise, media expertise
(graphics, audio, video, animation), interaction
expertise, and instructional design expertise
 Quality benchmarks can be developed to see that the
material has reached certain level of maturity, and can
be transported to the open access platform for the
learners' use

19. Advantages of Wiki-based OER
 Updating and revision of courses become easy
 Learner participation in course, and their engagement
will improve
 Some of the user generated content may be useful in
revision
 Courses will become live and dynamic rather than static
and outdated
 Quality of the course would improve as it will adhere to
copyright regulations (as it will be open)
 Open content licensing policy can be adopted
 Courses can be developed fast using OER

20. Advantages of Wiki-based OER
 Print copies can be developed automatically using
PediaPress PDF server
 Print-on-demand facility can be used
 Less paper use, and digital preservation of content with
each editing recored
 Resources other than main text can also be integrated
including Slideshare, YouTube, MindMap, Google
Calender, etc.
 Online quiz, and self-assessment activities can be in-
built within the learning material
 Discussion Forum can be built around lessons

21. Myths about Wikis
 Wikis are not reliable
 Anyone can edit wiki pages
 Using Wiki will make courses constructivist
 Wiki Courses does not need management
 Wikis promote plagiarism

22. Any one can teach
 WikiEducator
– Registered users: 63,021
– Pages: 124,450
– Content pages: 20,062
 Create user page and start contributing

23. THANK YOU