Poison gas was first used in WWI as a means to break trench warfare stalemates after its development, with the French being the first to use it early in the war. While initially experimental tear gases were used, more lethal gases like chlorine and later phosgene and mustard gas caused major casualties and spread to affect civilians carried by wind. The use of poison gas hurt Germany's relations with neutral countries and resulted in retaliation from their enemies in the war.