There are three major components that make up the resistance forces on a sailing yacht: 1) Viscous resistance, which includes friction resistance between the hull and water and viscous pressure resistance based on the hull shape; 2) Wave resistance, which is generated as the yacht displaces and deflects water, forming waves that take energy from the yacht's movement; 3) Additional resistance, including aerodynamic resistance of the sails and hydrodynamic resistance of components like the rudder and centerboard.