Gazprom Germania hosted a roundtable discussion on the use of natural gas for transportation in Hamburg, Germany. This presentation was a part of this roundtable and given by Antonio Tricas-Aizpun regarding the development and growth of the natural gas vehicle industry within the European Union.

1. TransportTransport
EU action on Natural gas and
Biomethane
Blue Corridor "Hansa". 10th October,
Hamburg

2. TransportTransport
The Clean Power for Transport package establishes that natural gas is
part of the EU mix of alternative fuels required to substitute oil as
energy supply to transport in the long term. Natural Gas offers a large
potential to contribute to the diversification of transport fuels.
Natural gas reserves had formerly been estimated to last around 30-40
years longer than those of oil. New drilling techniques have
considerably increased the available resources, by up to a factor of 3 in
recent years. These reserves can also be significantly increased by the
EU production of biomethane
Natural gas offers important environmental benefits in terms of
reduction of CO2 and pollutant emissions. Moreover, the injection of
bio-methane into the natural gas grid can significantly contribute
towards a decrease in the CO2 intensity of natural gas and diversify
sources.
Blue Corridor "Hansa".

3. TransportTransport
CNG vehicles
• CNG vehicles are based on a mature technology, using conventional
internal combustion engines. A reasonable choice of vehicles has been
developed in recent years. However, the market is not sufficiently
developed
• Only 1 million vehicles run in the EU ( 0.5% of the EU market) . In
addition, there is an un-even distribution across Member States: Italy
(846,000), Germany (96,000), Bulgaria (60,000), Sweden (44,000)
• A major obstacle to a broader market introduction is the lack of refuelling
infrastructure in a large part of Europe and common standards. Only
2,900 refuelling points in EU )
• Different national standards are in force ( Austria: ÖVGW G97, Germany:
DVGW G651,Sweden: TSA 2010, Spain: UNE), but not a European
standard.…

4. TransportTransport
LNG
LNG is an attractive option for trucks and ships due to its high energy
density and low pollutant emissions.
Currently, the trucks in the EU run mainly with diesel and LNG is seen as
the only option that can substitute it. LNG technology for trucks is also
mature, and allows for good performance.
However, the LNG market for trucks is almost inexistent only some
trucks fleets are running in the EU and only 41 refuelling stations (24 L-
CNG, 17 LNG) are installed ( UK, Spain, Sweden, Netherlands) …
The main barriers for market development are the lack of infrastructures
and common standards and vehicles' homologation.

5. TransportTransport
LNG
However, the international market is in fast development:
• China: 70,000 LNG trucks and 1,000 stations (300,000 by 2020 and
3,500 stations)
• USA: more than 6,000 trucks already running on LNG
LNG for vessels: the EU Marine Fuel Sulphur Directive, supporting 0,1%
sulphur content in ship fuel from January 2015 in the ECAS Areas Emission
Control Area for Ships) as well as the enforcement of the ECAS zones in
several European seas work as a motivation towards the shifting to LNG
fuels.
Nevertheless, LNG infrastructure for fuelling vessels is at a very early stage,
being Norway and Sweden the first countries in developing small scale LNG
terminals for bunkering purposes.

6. TransportTransport
What the Commission is proposing to develop a market for
CNG vehicles and vessels? The CPT Directive
Member States shall ensure that a sufficient number of publicly accessible
refuelling points are available, with maximum distances of 150 km, to allow
the circulation of CNG vehicles Union-wide by 31 December 2020 at the
latest.
CNG refuelling points motor vehicles shall comply with the relevant EN
standard, to be adopted by 2014.
The estimated impact for MS is the build-up of 654 approximately filing
stations with a cost of 164 M€. (No new filling stations in Germany are
initially requested in Germany

7. TransportTransport
What the Commission is proposing to develop a market
for LNG vehicles? The CPT Directive
Member States shall cooperate to ensure that heavy duty motor
vehicles running on LNG can travel all along the roads on the TEN-T
Core Network. Publicly accessible refuelling points for LNG shall be
established within distances not exceeding 400 km by 31 December
2020 at the latest.
LNG refuelling points motor vehicles shall comply with the relevant EN
standard, to be adopted by 2014.
The estimated impact for MS is the build-up of 144 approximately filing
stations with a cost of 58 M€. (25 filling stations in Germany with a cost
of 10 M€).

8. TransportTransport
What the Commission is proposing to develop a market for
LNG vessels ? The CPT Directive
Member States shall ensure that publicly accessible LNG refuelling points
for maritime and inland waterway transport are provided in all maritime
ports of the Trans-European Transport (TEN-T) Core Network by 31
December 2020 at the latest.
LNG refuelling points for waterborne vessels shall comply with the relevant
EN standards, to be adopted by 2014.
The estimated impact for MS is the build-up of 139 approximately filing
stations with a cost of 2,085 M€. (22 filling stations in Germany with a
cost of 330 M€).

9. TransportTransport
Other Standards
• The Commission has provided two mandates to the European
Committee of Normalisation:
• M/400 concerns the adoption of the EU specifications for natural
gas quality transported by NG pipelines.
• M/475 will provide fuel specifications allowing the injection of
biomethane into the natural gas grid and and use as vehicle fuel in
transport. It is expected to be adopted also at the end 2014

10. TransportTransport
R&D: LNG Blue corridor project
• Optimizing the complete powertrain and storage system of LNG
heavy duty vehicles with respect to energy efficiency and
pollutant emission
• Performing a large-scale demonstration to facilitate a broad
market development for heavy duty vehicles running on LNG.
• Contributions to standards and proposals for vehicle type-
approval
• The consortium is composed of 27 partners from Belgium,
Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

11. TransportTransport
Project: LNG Blue Corridors (EU-funded)
• 27 industrial partners during a 48-month project
• 100 new LNG trucks and 14 LNG new refuelling stations

12. TransportTransport
New opportunities for EU funding: Horizon
2020 and TEN-T
• The achievement of a smart, green and integrated transport
system is one of the challenges that must be tackled in the near
future. Therefore, transport is one of the six key themes
constituting the Horizon 2020 programme.
• Research and demonstration on alternative fuels transport
systems will be a key part of the Transport programme.
• Support under TEN-T funds is given to measures to promote
innovation and new technologies for transport infrastructure and
facilities contributing to decarbonisation or the reduction of
external costs of transport.

13. TransportTransport
Final remarks
• The CPT Directive will contribute to achieve the 5% share of
natural gas vehicle market in 2020 aimed by the natural gas
vehicles industry
• LNG used in HDV are the most attractive option to mitigate of
the high dependence of EU in diesel and to accomplish the
limit of 0.1% sulphur content in marine fuels established by
the Directive 2012/33/EU
• The adoption of the standard for biomethane for use in
transport and injection in natural gas pipelines will be key for
a large use of biomethane in tranport as well as to
contribute to the achievement of the 10% RED target

14. TransportTransport
Thank you for your attention!
Antonio. Tricas- Aizpun @ec.europa.eu