A discussion of the process of anatomical engineering and its several applications in medical device design, from producing patient matched implants to minimally invasive cardiac devices. Anatomical engineering consists of extracting 3D information from medical imaging data, such as CT or MRI scans and modeling such data using reverse engineering, CAD and additive fabrication techniques. Some of the discussed applications include the following: the design and fabrication of custom cranial plates, the evaluation of minimally invasive mitral valve surgical devices, the digital design of a spina bifida simulation model for pediatric neurosurgery training, and CAD and stereolithography models of airways for test respiratory gas exchange. These slides were originally presented by Crispin B. Weinberg at the 2013 Canadian Manufacturing Technology Show as part of the Medical Manufacturing Innovations Conference on October 2nd, 2013.

1. Anatomical Engineering
for Intelligent Design of Medical
Devices
Crispin B. Weinberg, Ph.D. | President
Danice Y. Chou, B.S.| Biomedical Engineer
Biomedical Modeling, Inc. | www.biomodel.com
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2. Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
Inovation Series
♦
Canadian Manufacturing Technology Show: Medical Manufacturing
Anatomical Engineering
for Intelligent Design of Medical
Devices
About Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
What is Anatomical Engineering?
Process Overview
Examples
Why Anatomical Engineering?
Biomedical Modeling, Inc. 2013
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3. About Us
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
Patient-specific models & design services for dental,
medical, engineering, and research applications.
We are a Boston-based biomedical engineering company that makes
patient-specific anatomical models from medical imaging data (CT, MRI).
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4. Anatomical Engineering
What is Anatomical Engineering?
Anatomical engineering consists of extracting
3D information from medical imaging data
(e.g. CT, MRI) and modeling such data using
reverse engineering, CAD, & additive fabrication
techniques.
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5. Process Overview
The Process
Problem
Definition
Data
Acquisition
Data
Segmentation
3D Modeling
(mesh)
(For more details, see our Biomodeling Process presentation.)
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6. Examples
Anatomical Engineering Examples
Device Design & Evaluation
Simulation Models
Surgical Guides
Personal Prosthetics
Custom Implants
Bioprinted Tissues & Organs
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7. Device Design & Evaluation
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Devices
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8. Device Design & Evaluation
Univ. of CA
♦
Univ. of TX
♦
Carnegie Mellon Univ.
CFD of LVAD Blood Flow
Left: Jarvik Heart, Inc. http://www.jarvikheart.com/basic.asp?id=21 ; Right: Y. Bazilevs, et. al., “Patient-specific isogeometric fluid-structure
interaction analysis of thoracic aortic blood flow due to implantation of Jarvik 2000 Left Ventricular Assist Device,” Computer Methods in Applied
Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 198, issue 45-46, 2009. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045782509001674
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9. Simulation Models
Biomedical Modeling, Inc. | Materialise
Airways & Gas Exchange
Left: Biomedical Modeling, Inc. www.biomodel.com ; Right: Materialise and P.J. Antunes, University of Minho, Portugal.
http://biomedical.materialise.com/engineering-services-engineering-anatomy
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10. Simulation Models
University of Minnesota
Interactive Slice World-In-Miniature
Coffey et.al., “Interactive Slice WIM: Navigating & Interrogating Volume Data Sets Using a Multi-surface, Multitouch VR Interface”, IEEE Trans.
Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 8, no. 10, Oct. 2013. http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/tg/2012/10/ttg2012101614-abs.html
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11. Simulation Models
Surgical Theater LLC
VR with Multi-sensory Feedback
Phantom Haptic Stylus and Surgical Rehersal Platform (SRP).
http://www.3dsystems.com/learning-center/case-studies/doctors-practicing-computers-not-patients#.UiXVNT95ESY
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12. Simulation Models
Biomedical Modeling, Inc. | University of IL, Peoria
Pediatric Neurosurgical Training
Upper left: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spinabifida/facts.html. Right: Biomedical Modeling, Inc. & Univ. of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria.
J. Lin et. al., “A Surgical Simulation Model for Myelomeningocele Repair,” J. Med. Devices 7(2), 020924 (Jun 12, 2013).
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13. Surgical Guides
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
♦
3D Diagnostix
Biomodels & Dental
Drilling Guides
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14. Surgical Guides
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
Reconstructive Surgery
Patient-specific model
with tumor in red
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Reconstruction model guide
with mirrored anatomy
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15. Surgical Guides
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
♦
Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Center
Tumor Resection vs.
Liver Transplant
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16. Personalized Prosthetics
Materialise
♦
Starkey
Patient-specific Hearing Aids
Left: http://i.materialise.com/blog/entry/3d-printing-in-medicine-what-is-happening-right-now-in-patients ;
Right: http://www.forbes.com/sites/rakeshsharma/2013/07/08/the-3d-printing-revolution-you-have-not-heard-about/
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17. Personalized Prosthetics
Invisalign
Orthodontic Tooth Aligners
Left: http://www.rothmoonortho.com/kansas-city-orthodontic-treatment/kansas-city-invisalign/ ; Upper right: http://www.additive3d.com/rm_30.htm ;
Lower right: http://enhancedental.com/invisalign/invisalign-procedure/
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18. Personalized Prosthetics
3D Systems
Custom Bridges, Copings, &
Partial Dentures
Left: 3D Systems, e-stone material on ProJet 6000 system. http://silversmilesurvival.wordpress.com/tag/3d-printing/ ; Upper right:
http://3dsystems.intercept-corp.com/ProJet-DP-3500.html ; Lower right: www.dentalproductsreport.com
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19. Personalized Prosthetics
Bespoke Innovations
Prosthetic Limb Fairings
“Why are you trying to hide it? Let’s show this thing off.”
http://www.bespokeinnovations.com
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20. Personalized Prosthetics
Berkley Bionics
♦ Ekso Bionics
Powered Exoskeleton
http://eksobionics.com/ekso
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21. Personalized Prosthetics
Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Patient-specific Exoskeleton
Delaware Hospital, Mfg. Stratasys Corp., LAECO Othopedics. Left: Video still from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoZ2BgPVtA0&feature=youtu.be ;
Upper right: http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies/medical/nemours ; Lower right: http://www.fastcodesign.com/1670482/3-d-printed-magicarms-let-a-toddler-hug-and-play#6
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22. Patient-specific Implants
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
Craniofacial Templates
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23. Patient-specific Implants
Biomedical Modeling, Inc.
♦
Planmeca Oy
Orbital Templates
Left: Biomedical Modeling, Inc., Boston, MA, USA. http://www.biomodel.com
Right: Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, FIN. http://www.planmeca.com/en/CADCAM/Planmeca-Promodel-service/
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24. Patient-specific Implants
EOS
♦
Oxford Performance Materials
Direct Additive Manufacturing
of Cranial Plates
PEKK
Left: http://www.eos.info/news_events/newsletter/edition_08_2012 ; Upper right: http://polymerinnovationblog.com/3d-printing-ofmedical-implants-is-on-the-way/; Lower right: http://www.makepartsfast.com/2009/03/710/new-materials-for-laser-sintering/
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25. Patient-specific Implants
Hasselt University
♦
LayerWise
♦
Xiloc Medical
Direct Additive Manufacturing
of Maxillofacial Implants
Implant 3D-printed from powedered Ti with bioceramic coating, to replace mandible damaged due to osteomyelitis infection.
Right: http://www.futureearth.com.au/science/3d-printing-woman-receives-jaw-implant/ ;
Left: Yorick Jansens, AFP Collection, Getty Images 138078671, February 2, 2012.
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26. Patient-specific Implants
Within Medical
♦
EOS
Metal-sintered
Orthopedic Implants
Upper left: http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/3dprinttip_images.htm. Right, lower left: EOS, Within. Titanium acetabular cup implant and spinal
implants manufactured by DMLS systems. http://gfxspeak.com/2012/10/17/eos-teams-with-medical-implant-designer-to-advance-3d-printing-inmedicine/
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27. Guided Tissue Regeneration
G. Green, S. Hollister, University of Michigan
Printed Resorbable Trachea Splint
Polycaprolactone printed trachea splint for 6-week olf patient with collapsed bronchial tube at C.S. Mott Childrens Hospital.
http://www.engin.umich.edu/college/about/news/stories/2013/may/3d-printed-splint-saves-life
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28. Bio-printed Tissues & Organs
L. Bonassar, Weill Cornell Medical College
Artificial Ears from 3D-printed Molds
Lindsay France | University Photography. http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/02/bioengineers-physicians-3-d-print-ears-look-act-real
Cells from cow ears (collagen scaffold from rat tails) encapsulated in a hydrogel, and injected into mold.
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29. Bioprinted Tissues & Organs
Univ. of Pennsylvania
♦
Organovo
♦
Invetech
Bioprinted Blood Vessels
Left and upper right: Rep Rap 3D Printing Blood vessels, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VHFlwJQIkE ; Lower right: Printed from NovoGen MMX
Bioprinter. http://www.oldthinkernews.com/2010/12/first-fully-bioprinted-blood-vessels/ ; http://iopscience.iop.org/1758-5090/4/2/022001/article
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30. Bioprinted Tissues & Organs A. Atala, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
3D-printed Liver Tissue
Engineering Human Liver Tissue, Anthony Atala: Printing a Human Kidney, Ted Talks Ted2011.
http://www.ted.com/talks/anthony_atala_printing_a_human_kidney.html
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31. Bioprinted Tissues & Organs
Bio-printed organs to date
Bladder
Kidneys
Liver
Heart Valves
Blood vessels
Nerve Grafts, Skin
A. Atala, Wake Forest Institute. http://www.bbc.com/
future/story/20120621-printing-a-human-kidney
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32. Why Anatomical Engineering?
Anatomical engineering for
medical device design, simulation, and testing.
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33. Why Anatomical Engineering?
Anatomical engineering for
tissue and organ replacement.
Left: Rendering of 3D skull model with cranial implant, www.biomodel.com ; Right: Rendering of 3D printing skin cells onto burn wound, a method currently
undergoing clinical trials in mice at Wake Forest Institute. http://www.3dprinterworld.com/article/wake-forest-3d-prints-skin-cells-burn-wounds
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