This document provides a summary of key concepts in genetics and heredity:
1. It defines key terms like DNA, genes, alleles, genomes, and mutations, and describes chromosome structure and genetic variation.
2. It discusses specific mutations like sickle cell anemia and how traits are inherited.
3. It explains meiosis, genetic recombination, and how this contributes to genetic variation in offspring.
4. It covers Mendel's laws of inheritance, including monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, dominance, and independent assortment.
26. Crossover Results A genotype HE B genotype He C genotype hE D genotype he Start A genotype HE B genotype HE C genotype he D genotype he Crossover B and C become recombinants A B C D H E h e A B C D H E h e A B C D H E h e
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35. Gregor Mendel’s Findings Dwarf Tall Length of stem 7. Terminal Axial Position of flowers 6. Yellow Green Color of unripe pods 5. Constricted Inflated Form of ripe pods 4. White Grey Color of seed coat 3. Green Yellow Color of seed albumen 2. Wrinkled Smooth Form of ripe seed 1. Recessive Expression Dominant Expression Trait
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53. Dihybrid crosses Parent genotypes: SsYy x SsYy -S=smooth s=wrinkled -Y=Yellow y=green Possible allele combos from one parent ssyy ssYy Ssyy SsYy sy ssYy ssYY SsYy SsYY sY Ssyy SsYy SSyy SSYy Sy SsYy SsYY SSYy SSYY SY sy sY Sy SY
54. Possible ratios for SsYy x SsYy F1 Genotypic ratios 1:SSYY 2:SSYy 1:SSyy 2:SsYY 4:SsYy 2:Ssyy 1:ssYY 2:ssYy 1:ssyy F1 Phenotypic ratios 9: smooth-yellow 3:smooth-green 3: wrinkled-yellow 1: wrinkled-green ssyy ssYy Ssyy SsYy sy ssYy ssYY SsYy SsYY sY Ssyy SsYy SSyy SSYy Sy SsYy SsYY SSYy SSYY SY sy sY Sy SY
68. P: A P A P B P B P x A W A W B W B W F1: A P A W B P B W A W B W A W B W A W B W A W B W A P B P A P B P A P B P A P B P
69. F1: A P A W B P B W x A P A W B P B W F2: See Punnett square (fill it in) Determine which ones are white, purple and intermediates.) A W B W A W B P A P B W A P B P A W B W A W B P A P B W A P B P
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