The document provides an overview of rural infrastructure development in Nepal. It discusses [1] the current state of infrastructure such as roads, irrigation, electricity, and telecommunications, noting many areas still lack adequate access. It then [2] outlines the key stakeholders involved in rural infrastructure projects, including government agencies, donors, contractors, and users. Finally, it [3] highlights several programs focused on improving rural infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, irrigation, and water supply/sanitation across the country.

1. W E LC O M E
Introduction to Rural
Infrastructure Dev in
Nepal
Presenter
Dodhara Er Bhim Upadhyaya
DDG DoLIDAR 1

2. Engineer & Engineering
"Engineering is a great profession. There is
the satisfaction of watching a figment of
the imagination emerge through the aid
of science to a plan on paper. then it
moves to realization in stone or metal or
energy. then it brings homes to men or
women. then it elevates the standard of
living and adds to the comforts of life.
this is the engineer's high privilege."
-Herbert Hoover (Er.) 31st President, USA
2

3. Engineer & Engineering
"The great liability of the engineer compared to
men of other professions is that his works are
out in the open where all can see them. His
acts, step by step, are in hard substance. He
cannot bury his mistakes in the grave like the
doctors. He cannot argue them into thin air or
blame the judge like the lawyers. He cannot,
like the architects, cover his failures with trees
and vines. He cannot, like the politicians,
screen his short-comings by blaming his
opponents and hope the people will forget. The
engineer simply cannot deny he did it. If his
works do not work, he is damned."
-Herbert Hoover, Engineer & 31st President,
USA
3

4. Engineer & Engineering
"The ideal engineer is a composite…
He is not a scientist, he is not a
mathematician, he is not a sociologist
or a writer, but he may use the
knowledge and techniques of any or
all of these disciplines in solving
engineering problems."
-N W Dougherty (1955)

5. Civil Engineering:
American Society of Civil Engineers
Civil Engineering is the profession in which a
knowledge of Mathematical and Physical science
gained by study, experience and practice is
applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize
economically the materials and forces of nature
for the progressive well-being of mankind in
creating, improving and protecting for
community living, industry and transportation
and providing structures for the use of mankind.
5

6. Large no of rivers, Scattered Habitations.
• About one-third of the Hindu-Kush Himalaya in Nepal
• About 80 % of the country within mountainous / hilly terrain
• Immature mountain landscape, extreme monsoon rainfall
and periodic large earthquake leading to high vulnerability
of landslides

7. Area 147,000 Sqkm
Nepal Where Population 27M
is Nepal Pop Growth 2.1%
Agri. GDP 30%
in the
Arable Land 16.07%
World? Irrigated Land 11,700 Sqkm
Below Poverty 28%
Road Network 50,000 Km
• Size Area-wise:
92nd Largest Lowest Land 70m
• Size Population-wise: Highest Land 8848m
42nd Largest • We are 28 M+ People.
• GDP Growth Rate:
• 45,000 Villages with 22.5M Rural People (86%).
2nd Poorest
• 15M Youth Below 25 yrs Age(60%).
• Human D. Index:
• 4.5 M (20%) Youth 15-25 Age,
136th/177
• >4.5 M People Unemployed.
• Global Competitive
• Multi Language, Multi Ethnic, multi-cultural, Diverse
Index: 125th /139 ecological, Traditional and Religious Nation

8. Infrastructure Status in Nepal (Approx.)
1. Irrigation 5. Roads
 Cultivated Land- 26.5 Lakh • All Weather 11,000 km
ha.( 20% of Total Area) ( All type 40,000 km)
 Irrigable-17.6 Lakh ha.(66% • Paved Road- 4,000 km
of Cultiv'd) 6. Electricity
 Irrigated- 11.2 Lakh ha. (62%  Hydro- 556 MW(0.67% of Potential)
of Irrigable)  Diesel- 55 MW
 Year Round Irrigated-4.5  Coverage- 40%(quality?!)
Lakh ha.( 40% of Irrigated, Total- 618 MW
25% of Irrigable) 7. Fuel/Energy
2. Water & Sanitation  Fossil Fuel- 18 Lakh L/Day
(11,550 B/D)
• water-76%, Sanitation- 26%  LP Gas - 225 MT/Day
(Quality? Quantity?) 8.Telephone Lines- 10 M
3. Railway- 59 km 9. Internet Users- 0.2 M
4. Airport Paved 10 Nos

9. Why Rural Physical
Infrastructures?
For Access to Social Services-Health
Education security
For Access to Physical
Communication- Comfort
For Access to Economic
Development- Employment
9

10. Local Infrastructure and Poverty
Reduction
Poverty Reduction
Rural Development
Local infrastructure

11. Local/Rural Infrastructures
Local
Transport
Housing,
Building & Social
Urban Dev. Infras.
Small Local
Irrigation Infras. Water
& River Supply &
Control Sanitation
Micro-hydro Solid waste
& Alternative Mngt.
Energy 11

12. Rural Infrastructure Stakeholders
USERS
CONSUL-
NGO TANTS (4
International
, 20 National,
100
Individual)
DoLIDAR
CONTR- DONORS
ACTORS (ADB, DFID,
(More than FINISH,GTZ
100 JICA, SDC, WB
Budget – 24
Billion per year WFP, UNICEF….)
for infrastructure

13. Government Organizational Tiers
for Rural Road Development
Ministry of Local Dev
Dept of Local Infras Dev
& Agri Roads (DoLIDAR)
District Dev Com. Office 75
District Technical Office 75
Municipality 58
Vill. Dev. Com. Office 3915
13

14. Project(Public Works) Defined
A Project has…
• Objective or Goal
• Time
• Cost
• Location or space
14

15. Public Works Management
PROJECT MGMT PROCUREMENT
MGMT
DISBURSEMENT Insurance
CONTRACT FINANCIAL
MGMT MGMT
mobilization Claim & Refund
Technical
QLTY/LAB Audit
MGMT QAP
CONSTRUCTION
MGMT Reporting
SITE MGMT
WORK PLAN
payment
Completion Closing O&M 15

16. Procurement
Goods Services Works
16

17. Phases of Public Works
Works
Precons- Operation and
Construction
truction Maintenance
Phase Phase
Phase
17

18. Preconstruction
Phase
Preparation Procurement Contracting
or or or
Design Tendering Agreement
18

19. Construction
Phase
Completion Closing &
Supervision
Verification Handing Over
19

20. Supervison
of Works
Aspects
Process Payment
(Quality Performance (Cost Time
System or (Output) Control: direct (Progress)
control) indirect)
Drawing, Specification, Lab Scheduling, Gantt, CPM,
Tests, Qualified Supervisors PERT 20

21. Supervisory Hierarchy
3 Parties Mutual Contractor
Check and Balance
Consultant
Client
Project Manager
or Client's
Representative
Project
Manager
Engineer
Field Supervisor
Labor
21

22. Running Local Infrastructure Programs
1. District Road Support Programme-DRSP (SDC)
2. Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Program–DRILP
(ADB/SDC)
3. Rural Access Improvement and Decentralization Project-RAIDP (WB)
4. Rural Access Program - RAP II(DFID)
5. Trail Bridge SWAp and Motorable Road Bridge Program
6. Rural Transport Infrastructure Sector Wide Program
7. Road Board Nepal, Road Maintenance Program
8. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program –RWSSP
9. Rural Village Water Resource Management Project–RVWRMP (FINIDA)
10. Water Supply and Sanitation Project-Western Nepal–WSSP-WN
(FINIDA)

23. Running Local Infrastructure Programs…….
11.Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector
Development Project–RRRSDP (ADB, DFID, OFID, SDC)
12. Peace and Rehabilitation Program
13. Local Infrastructure for Livelihood Improvement-LILI (SDC)
14.Project for Community Access Improvement – JICA
15. Community Irrigation Program – CIP (ADB)
16. Small Irrigation Program
17. Other Infrastructure Program

24. Highways in
Nepal
24

25. Strategic and Local Road Network of Nepal &
Accessibility (2hrs; 4 hrs)
National Rural Roads Network:
40,000 Km
Operational Rural Roads:
10,000 Km
SRN : 5400 Km(78% Access.)
LRN: 4500 Km (85% Access.) of Agri Engineers
National Society TB: 4800 Nos. 25

26. Good Quality road in
progress
26

27. Good Quality works in
progress
27

28. Lab
Mangmt
28

29. Road Construction Technologies
29

30. 30

31. Road ill-designed and in
Disrepair
Poor-Maintenance and hardships
31

32. Rehabilitated
road up-to the
standard quality
works
32

33. 33

34. 34

35. 35

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38

39. 39

40. 40
40

41. RAIDP Funded Trail Bridges
Laphagad, Kalikot Phugad,
Kalikot
41

42. 42

43. 43

44. Tuin
Gravity Ropeway
44

45. 45

46. 10,000 tanks
constructed so far
46

47. 47

48. 48

49. 49

50. 50

51. 51

52. 52

53. 53

54. 54

55. 55

56. 56

57. 57

58. Fisling
58

59. 59

60. 60

61. 61

62. 62

63. 63

64. 64

65. 65

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68. Engineers Vs Rapid Development
S. Korea
UK
Germany
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69. 4 Vice A 5 SCs
PMs Zhou
Huang Ju l Yongqang
Electrical SC
Hu Jintao
Hydropower l
Prez Wu Yi, VPM Cao
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Petro-Refinery
Ganchuang
SC
Look CHINA!
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Engineers Tang
Zeng Qinghong Jiaxuan SC
Automation i
V Prez Lead Nation !
Zeng Peiyan n Hua Jianmin
Electronics
e SC
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Hui Liangyu Chen Zili
Wen Jiabao Agriculture
r
Geological SC69
PM s

70. India's Visionary Political, Science and Engg Leaders
Dr V Kurien
M Visweswaraiya
Jamshedji Tata A Premji
Dr B Pathak
Sreedharan
N Murthy Dr A Reddy
Dr Sam Pitroda 68
70
Vilasrao Salunkhe Dr R A Mashelkar

71. "The Earth contains
enough resources to
enable present and future
generations to live like
kings if we but harness
the best technologies."
-Buckminister Fuller
71

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73. Vivekananda
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bhimupadhyaya@yahoo.com
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77. Any Question?
Thank You
New Nepal
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