Empfohlen
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (20)
Ähnlich wie Near field communication (NFC)
Ähnlich wie Near field communication (NFC) (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Near field communication (NFC)
- 1. NFC: NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION Bharat Kachhwaha, Pune, 7/9/2020, Lenze Reviewer: Prafulla, Dipti
- 2. SUMMAR Y Part 0 History Part 2 Services Part 3 Security, Comparison and Uses Prerequisite 1. Basic understanding of signal (Analog and digital) 2. Basic knowledge of Electro magnetic induction. Q & A Appendix: Data Format Part 1 NFC
- 3. NEAR Exchange of data between two devices FIELD Communication Wireless technology using magnetism A short distance Near Field Communication (NFC) is a contact-less communication technology based on a radio frequency (RF) field using a base frequency of 13.56 MHz . NFC technology is perfectly designed to exchange data between two devices through a simple touch gesture.
- 4. 1983 • The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton 2004 • Nokia Phillips and Sony established Near Field Communication (NW) Forum 2010 • Samsung Nexus S first Android NFC phone, developed jointly by Google and Samsung 2011 • First mobile phone (Nokia 6131) with NFC released by NOKIA 2014 • The introduction of Apple Pay to the iPhone 6 and 6+ models. 2015 • Android Lollipop 5.0 and above introduced contactless payments, with the addition of two-factor authentication, using NFC History of NFC
- 5. TIMELINE, POPULARITY & GROWTH 260 400 600 800 1000 1200 1700 2200 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 in millions Year Shipments of NFC-Enabled Mobile Handsets 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Since 2006, when the first devices to support NFC were released, the number of new devices supporting the technology has grown rapidly. According to IHS Technology, 2.2 billion NFC-enabled smartphone units will be in use by 2020. Apple further opened NFC possibilities in 2017 when it began allowing NFC capabilities beyond Apple Pay.
- 6. Smart Phones Has NFC Card Emulation NFC Payments Read NFC Write NFC iPhone 7, 7+, 8, 8+, X, XS, XR, 11, SE (2nd Gen) iPhone 6, 6+, 6S, 6S+, SE (1st Gen) iPhone 5S, 5C, 5, 4S, 4, 3GS, 3G (year 2014) Google Pixel 1, 2, 3, XL Samsung Galaxy S3, 4, 5, 6, 7,Edge, 8, 8+, 9, 9+ Huawei P 10, 20, Pro, Lite, Plus Xiaomi Mi Mix, 5, 5s, 6, 8 OnePlus 3, 3T, 5, 5T, 6, 7, 7T, Pro, 8 Motorola Z3, E5, G6, X4, E4 * * * * * LG G4, 6, 7, 8, V35, ThinQ, K10, V20 * * Nokia 8, 6, 5, 3,6.1, 8 Sirocco, 7 Plus, 5.1 Sony Xperia XA1, 2, XZ1, 2 (Compact, Ultra, Plus) HTC One M9, Desire 10, U11, +, U12,+, Eyes
- 7. Part 1 NFC Part 2 Services • NFC technology • NFC and other Contactless Protocols • NFC Coding • NFC Transmission Technology • NFC Tag Types NFC Part 3 Security, Comparison and Uses
- 8. NFC Technology The RF field generated by an NFC Device to communicate with an NFC Tag has three tasks: To transfer power from the NFC Device to the NFC Tag. The NFC device is sending information to an NFC Tag by modulating the RF field signal (signal modulation). The NFC device is receiving information from an NFC Tag by sensing the modulation of the load generated by the NFC tag (load modulation). Polling Device Listening Device
- 9. NFC and other Contactless Protocols NFC Devices are able to communicate with: • Readers and cards compliant to the ISO/IEC 14443 Type A standard • Readers and cards compliant to the ISO/IEC 14443 Type B standard • Cards compliant to the ISO/IEC 15693 standard • Devices compliant to the ISO/IEC 18092 standard • Readers and cards compliant to the JIS-X 6319-4 standard • NFC Tags • Other NFC Devices
- 10. NFC Coding Appears as raw binary bits without any coding. Typically binary 1 maps to logic-level high, and binary 0 maps to logic- level low. Non- Return-to- Zero (L) A low-to-high transition expresses a 0 bit, whereas a high-to-low transition stands for a 1 bit. Manchester Coding Pauses occurring in the carrier at different positions of a period. While a 1 is always encoded in the same way, coding a 0 is determined on the basis of the preceded bit. Modified Miller Coding NRZ-L Mancheste r Modified Miller 1 0 1 1 0 0
- 11. NFC-Forum Standard Polling / Listening Coding Modulation Data Rate Carrier frequency NFC - A Polling Modified Miller ASK 100% 106 kb/s 13.56 MHz Listening Manchester Load modulation (ASK) 106 kb/s 13.56 MHz +- 848 kHz subcarrier NFC – B Polling NRZ-L ASK 100% 106 kb/s 13.56 MHz Listening NRZ-L Load modulation (ASK) 106 kb/s 13.56 MHz +- 848 kHz subcarrier NFC – F Polling Manchester ASK 100% 212 / 424 kb/s 13.56 MHz Listening Manchester Load modulation (ASK) 212 / 424 kb/s 13.56 MHz (without subcarrier) NFC Transmission Technologies (RF Standards )
- 12. Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 ISO/IEC standard 14443 A 14443 A JIS 6319-4 14443 A / B Compatible Product Innovision Topaz NXP MIFARE Sony FeliCa NXP DESFire, SmartMXJCOP, … Data rate 106 kb/s 106 kb/s 212, 424 kb/s 106/212/424 kb/s Memory 96 bytes, expandable to 2 kbyte 48 bytes, expandable to 2 kbyte Variable, max. 1Mbyte Variable, max. 32 kbyte Anti-collision No Yes Yes Yes NFC Tag Types
- 13. Part 1 NFC Part 2 Services Part 3 Comparison and Uses • Communication mode • Reader / Writer mode • Peer-to-Peer mode • Card Emulation mode • Wireless Charging mode Services
- 14. Communication mode Active Mode Passive Mode Both the target device as well as the initiating device have their individual power supplies which allows them communicate with one another by alternating signal transmission. The initiator device generates radio signals (magnetic field) that is so strong that it powers on the target device via the electromagnetic field.
- 15. Communication mode Active Mode Passive Mode Both the target device as well as the initiating device have their individual power supplies which allows them communicate with one another by alternating signal transmission. The initiator device generates radio signals (magnetic field) that is so strong that it powers on the target device via the electromagnetic field.
- 16. Reader/Writer mode Active Active Passive Passive Active Active Initiator (Device 1) Target (Device 2) Transmission
- 18. Card Emulation mode Active Active Passive Passive Active Active Initiator (Device 1) Target (Device 2) Transmission
- 19. Peer-to-Peer mode Active Active Passive Passive Active Active Initiator (Device 1) Target (Device 2) Transmission
- 20. Part 1 NFC Part 2 Services Part 3 Comparison and Uses • NFC Security • NFC vs Other Technology • Uses • Appendix Uses
- 21. NFC Security Possible Attacks • Eavesdropping • Data corruption • Data modification • Man-in-middle attack
- 22. NFC Security Possible Attacks • Eavesdropping • Data corruption • Data modification • Man-in-middle attack Device A Attacker Device B
- 23. NFC Security Possible Attacks • Eavesdropping • Data corruption • Data modification • Man-in-middle attack Device A Attacker Device B
- 24. NFC Secure Channel Device 1 Device 2
- 25. NFC vs. Other Technology NFC Zig Bee Bluetooth Wi-Fi 1Gb 100Mb 10Mb 1Mb 100kb 0.01m 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1000m IrDA IrDA is a short range (< 1 meter), line-of- sight communication standard for exchange of data over infrared light. IrDA interfaces are frequently used in computers and mobile phones.
- 26. NFC vs. Other Technology NFC ZigBee Bluetooth Wi-Fi 1Gb 100Mb 10Mb 1Mb 100kb 0.01m 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1000m ZigBee wireless technology is a standard enabling control and monitoring capabilities for industrial and residential applications within a +100- meter range. IrDA
- 27. NFC vs. Other Technology NFC Zig Bee Bluetooth Wi-Fi 1Gb 100Mb 10Mb 1Mb 100kb 0.01m 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1000m Bluetooth wireless technology was designed to replace cables between cell phones, laptops, and other computing and communication devices within a 10+-meter range IrDA
- 28. NFC vs. Other Technology NFC Zig Bee Bluetooth Wi-Fi 1Gb 100Mb 10Mb 1Mb 100kb 0.01m 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1000m Wi-Fi technology was designed and optimized for Local Area Networks (LAN); it provides an extension or replacement of wired networks for dozens of computing devices within a +100-meter range. IrDA
- 29. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information Uses of NFC
- 30. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information
- 31. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information
- 32. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information
- 33. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information
- 34. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information
- 35. Mobile Payment Authentication, Access Control Data Transfer, Wireless charging “Unlock” another Service Ticketing Access to digital information
- 36. THANK YOU
- 37. Appendix An NDEF message is composed of one or more NDEF records. NDEF message NDEF record NDEF record header
- 38. Appendix An NDEF Record Header 1. TNF: Type Name Format (3 bits) a) Empty b) Well Known c) Multi-Purpose d) Absolute e) External f) Unknown g) Unchanged h) Reserved 2. IL: Tells whether the record contains an ID length field. 3. SR: Determines whether the record is a short record. 4. CF: When a record is chunked. 5. ME: Message Ending. 6. MB: Message Beginning.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- The NFC Forum was founded in the year 2004 by NXP, Sony and Nokia to harmonize the NFC technique and to stimulate its deployment. The NFC forum develops specifications which ensure interoperability of NFC units and services. The NFC Forum certifies NFC units compatible to its specifications from December 2010 onwards.
- Reference : Android: https://www.bluebite.com/nfc/android-nfc-compatibility iPhone: https://www.bluebite.com/nfc/iphone-nfc-compatibility
- For Wireless Charging the primary goal of NFC Technology is to transfer power thus extending communication. In this case NFC communication is used to regulate the power transfer. When Wireless Charging mode is active the field strength of the RF field can be increased allowing a power transfer of up to 1 W. Due to the coupling of the coils of a polling and a listening device, a passive listening device also affects the active polling device. A variation in the impedance of the listening device causes amplitude or phase changes to the antenna voltage of the polling device, detected by the polling device. This technique is called load modulation.
- Depending on the communication protocol used and the capability of the remote device, a communication speed of up to 424 Kbit/s is supported by NFC Forum Devices.
- Depending on the communication protocol used and the capability of the remote device, a communication speed of up to 424 Kbit/s is supported by NFC Forum Devices.
- Every mode (card emulation, peer-to-peer, reader/writer mode) can be combined with one of the following transmission technologies: Amplitude-shift keying is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave.
- Every mode (card emulation, peer-to-peer, reader/writer mode) can be combined with one of the following transmission technologies: NFC operates in a frequency range centered on 13.56 MHz and offers a data transmission rate of up to 424 kbit/s within a distance of approximately 10 centimeters. In contrast to the conventional contactless technology in this frequency range (only active-passive communications), communications between NFC-capable devices can be active-active (peer-to-peer) as well as active-passive, NFC therefore represents a link to the RFID world. NFC is backwards compatible with the widely used Smart Card infrastructure based on ISO/IEC 14443 A (e. g. NXP's MIFARE technology) and ISO/IEC 14443 B as well as with the Sony FeliCa card (JIS X 6319-4). For the exchange of information between two NFC devices, a new protocol was developed which is defined in the standards ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC 18092.
- https://nfc-forum.org/what-is-nfc/about-the-technology/
- Active Device which has power
- Every mode (card emulation, peer-to-peer, reader/writer mode) can be combined with one of the following transmission technologies: NFC-A (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 A) NFC-B (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 B) NFC-F (backward compatible to JIS X 6319-4)
- Every mode (card emulation, peer-to-peer, reader/writer mode) can be combined with one of the following transmission technologies: NFC-A (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 A) NFC-B (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 B) NFC-F (backward compatible to JIS X 6319-4)
- Every mode (card emulation, peer-to-peer, reader/writer mode) can be combined with one of the following transmission technologies: NFC-A (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 A) NFC-B (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 B) NFC-F (backward compatible to JIS X 6319-4)
- https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/nfc/ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/ios/platform/introduction-to-ios11/corenfc https://docs.oracle.com/javacard/3.0.5/api/index.html https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corenfc https://nfc-forum.org/
- Though NFC operated over shorter distance, less prone to attacks but complete security is not ensured. Eavesdropping – receiving signals without transmitters knowledge. Radio waves used for communication would be picked up by unwanted user. Can be minimized using active-passive mode. Passive devices hard to eavesdropping. Can be prevented using secure channel. As NFC uses radio waves to communicate, and these propagate in the vicinity of the transmitter, and not just to the wanted receiver, it is possible for unwanted users to pick up the signals. The technology to receive this signals is not difficult to create. The only real solution to prevent eavesdropping is to use a secure channel. Data corruption – Attacker disturbs communication. attacker does not need to be able to decipher the valid data being sent the attacker may try to disturb the communications by sending data that may be valid, or even blocking he channel so that the legitimate data is corrupted. Solution By listening when data is transmitted they will be able to detect any attack of this form because the power required to successfully attack a system is significantly higher than that which can be detected by the NFC device transmitting the data. Data modification – here attacker modifies actual payload being sent. . This form of NFC security issue involves the attacker aiming to arrange for the receiving device to receive data that has been manipulated in some form. This data will naturally have to be in the correct format for it to be accepted. This form of attack is possible for some bits under different coding schemes. There are a number of ways to provide protection against this form of security attack. It is impossible for an attacker to modify all the data transmitted at the 106 Baud data rate in active mode. As a result, the 106 Baud data rate, active mode would be required for data transfer in both directions. However this is the most vulnerable mode to eavesdropping. The best option is to use a secure channel as this provides the greatest level of NFC security NFC security - man-in-the-middle This form of NFC security issue involves a two party communication being intercepted by a third party. The third party acts as a relay, but using information received and modifying it if required to enable the attacker to achieve their aims. This must obviously be achieved without the two original parties knowing that there is an interceptor between them.
- Though NFC operated over shorter distance, less prone to attacks but complete security is not ensured. Eavesdropping – receiving signals without transmitters knowledge. Radio waves used for communication would be picked up by unwanted user. Can be minimized using active-passive mode. Passive devices hard to eavesdropping. Can be prevented using secure channel. As NFC uses radio waves to communicate, and these propagate in the vicinity of the transmitter, and not just to the wanted receiver, it is possible for unwanted users to pick up the signals. The technology to receive this signals is not difficult to create. The only real solution to prevent eavesdropping is to use a secure channel. Data corruption – Attacker disturbs communication. attacker does not need to be able to decipher the valid data being sent the attacker may try to disturb the communications by sending data that may be valid, or even blocking he channel so that the legitimate data is corrupted. Solution By listening when data is transmitted they will be able to detect any attack of this form because the power required to successfully attack a system is significantly higher than that which can be detected by the NFC device transmitting the data. Data modification – here attacker modifies actual payload being sent. . This form of NFC security issue involves the attacker aiming to arrange for the receiving device to receive data that has been manipulated in some form. This data will naturally have to be in the correct format for it to be accepted. This form of attack is possible for some bits under different coding schemes. There are a number of ways to provide protection against this form of security attack. It is impossible for an attacker to modify all the data transmitted at the 106 Baud data rate in active mode. As a result, the 106 Baud data rate, active mode would be required for data transfer in both directions. However this is the most vulnerable mode to eavesdropping. The best option is to use a secure channel as this provides the greatest level of NFC security NFC security - man-in-the-middle This form of NFC security issue involves a two party communication being intercepted by a third party. The third party acts as a relay, but using information received and modifying it if required to enable the attacker to achieve their aims. This must obviously be achieved without the two original parties knowing that there is an interceptor between them.
- Though NFC operated over shorter distance, less prone to attacks but complete security is not ensured. Eavesdropping – receiving signals without transmitters knowledge. Radio waves used for communication would be picked up by unwanted user. Can be minimized using active-passive mode. Passive devices hard to eavesdropping. Can be prevented using secure channel. As NFC uses radio waves to communicate, and these propagate in the vicinity of the transmitter, and not just to the wanted receiver, it is possible for unwanted users to pick up the signals. The technology to receive this signals is not difficult to create. The only real solution to prevent eavesdropping is to use a secure channel. Data corruption – Attacker disturbs communication. attacker does not need to be able to decipher the valid data being sent the attacker may try to disturb the communications by sending data that may be valid, or even blocking he channel so that the legitimate data is corrupted. Solution By listening when data is transmitted they will be able to detect any attack of this form because the power required to successfully attack a system is significantly higher than that which can be detected by the NFC device transmitting the data. Data modification – here attacker modifies actual payload being sent. . This form of NFC security issue involves the attacker aiming to arrange for the receiving device to receive data that has been manipulated in some form. This data will naturally have to be in the correct format for it to be accepted. This form of attack is possible for some bits under different coding schemes. There are a number of ways to provide protection against this form of security attack. It is impossible for an attacker to modify all the data transmitted at the 106 Baud data rate in active mode. As a result, the 106 Baud data rate, active mode would be required for data transfer in both directions. However this is the most vulnerable mode to eavesdropping. The best option is to use a secure channel as this provides the greatest level of NFC security NFC security - man-in-the-middle This form of NFC security issue involves a two party communication being intercepted by a third party. The third party acts as a relay, but using information received and modifying it if required to enable the attacker to achieve their aims. This must obviously be achieved without the two original parties knowing that there is an interceptor between them.
- The best approach to ensuring NFC security is to use an NFC secure channel. This will protect against eavesdropping and data modification attacks.It is possible to use standard key agreement protocols such as Diffe-hellman because of the inherent protection has against man in the middle attacks. This protocol can be sued in the standard non-authenticated version because of the inherent NFC security. The shared key can be used to derive a symmetric key which can then be used for the NFC secure channel. The NFC secure channel provides for confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the data transferred between devices.
- https://www.samsung.com/global/galaxy/samsung-pay/ https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/iphone/iphbd4cf42b4/ios https://pay.google.com/intl/en_in/about/ NFC Payment: NFC may be most well known for mobile payments, where it powers services like Apple Pay and Google Wallet. Instead of using the same credit card number for each transaction, mobile payment solutions leverage the power of NFC card emulation to generate a single-use transaction key that can only be used once, and expires within seconds. This technology makes it nearly impossible for bad actors to make unauthorized charges on an account. Mobile payment Pay with NFC phones for tickets or taxi rides Pay with NFC phones at contactless POS (point of sales) Store vouchers on NFC phones
- store electronic keys, legitimations on NFC phones Secure building access Secure PC log-in Unlock car doors Setup your home office with a touch by your NFC phone Product Authentication Counterfeits have arisen as a real threat to customers seeking legitimate products, especially with fakes increasingly sold on legitimate sites like Amazon, Facebook, and Instagram. While some brands try to thwart these efforts with holograms, micro-threading and QR codes, NFC provides the most secure product authentication. Once a legitimate product is embedded with NFC at the factory, it is given a unique digital identity that can be verified by customers (using an app like decode) before purchase. 6. Protect your brand. 7. Attendance Tracking 8. Transportation — Public and private transportation methods (such as taxis and buses) can benefit from using NFC tags that, when scanned, will direct the passenger to an application, URL, or payment method.
- Data transfer between different NFC-units (peer-to-peer data exchange) like NFCsmart phones, digital cameras, notebooks, etc. Exchange electronic business cards Print out photos by holding the camera close to printer In Wireless Charging mode, small IoT devices such as a Bluetooth headset, fitness tracker or smartwatch can be charged with the contact-less transfer of up to1 W of power. https://nfc-forum.org/resources/what-are-the-operating-modes-of-nfc-devices/
- Tap-to-Pair (Wireless Pairing) Bluetooth Speakers Phones Watches : Apple Watch and few android watch Wifi Phones ‘Unlock’ another service (such as opening another communication link for data transfer) – Setting up Bluetooth, WLAN links
- Tourism — Tourist locations, such as museums, can benefit from using NFC tags to easily store and deliver information regarding historical events, descriptions of statues/sculptures/artwork, etc. Restaurants and Accommodation — Restaurants and other customer service oriented businesses can benefit from using NFC tags to quickly and easily deliver data such as menus, promotions, Wi-Fi passwords, and other information. Customer Support — NFC tags are often used as a way of tracking asset information—such as serial numbers, purchase information, lifespan, etc.—to allow for streamlined customer service and support. Medicine and Healthcare - NFC offers greater accuracy and convenience in prescribing medicine, easier check-in, payments, checking status of patients, tracking records by embedding NFC tags to patient’s charts. Read schedules from smart poster to NFC phone Download maps from smart poster to NFC phone Record location such as a parking in NFC phone
- Smart Ticketing - Integrated smart chips can be used to replace traditional ticketing systems with smart tickets for airlines, train and bus tickets etc… NFC tags can be used for Smart posters, movie tickets, ticket to concerts, advertisements, flyers and information links.
- An NDEF message is composed of one or more NDEF records. There can be multiple records in a NDEF message. The limit for the number of records that can be encapsulated into an NFC NDEF message depends upon the application in use and the tag type used.
- 0 – Empty: The record doesn’t contain any information. 1 – Well-known: The data is defined by the Record Type Definition (RTD) specification available from NFC Forum. 2 – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME): This is one of the data types normally found in Internet communications as defined by RFC 2046. 3 – Absolute Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): This is a pointer to a resource that follows the RFC 3986 syntax. 4 – External: This is user-defined data that relies on the format specified by the RTD specification. 5 – Unknown: The data type is unknown, which means that you must set the type length to 0. 6 – Unchanged: Some payloads are chunked, which means that the data is too large to fit within a single record. In this case, each record contains a piece of the data — a chunk. This TNF indicates that this is not the first record in the chunk — it’s one of the middle or the terminating records. The TNF is unchanged from the kind of data found in the first record of the chunked set. 7 – Reserved: This value is reserved for future use. A short record is one with a payload length <= 255 bytes. Normal records can have payload lengths exceeding 255 bytes up to a maximum 4 GB. CF flag tells you when a record is chunked. In other words, if you see this flag set, reading a single record won’t provide you with all the data for that data item. You must read all the records associated with that data item to get the complete information about it. The first record in a message has the MB (message begin) flag set to true so that you know that this is the first record. The last record in the message has the ME flag set so that you know this is the last record. All the intermediate records have both the MB and the ME flags set to false.