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Ballads, Legends, Folktales

What we want to know: What is a folktale? A legend?A ballad? How are they different?

Does the region you live in have an effect on what legends, ballads, or folktales you know?
Do different cultures have different folktales, legends, and ballads?

http://americanfolklore.net/folklore/myths-legends/

http://lessons.atozteacherstuff.com/344/folktale-unit/

https://sites.google.com/site/americanfolktales/teacher-resources

www.slideshare.net

http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0194035.html

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/americanhistory.html

https://sites.google.com/site/americanfolktales/teacher-resources

http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson-docs/FolkTaleBookList.pdf

http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/mff/folktale_allfolktale.htm

http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Lists/state_songs.htm

http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/Arts/Folktales.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/3721/poems/forms/ballad.html

http://www.americanfolklore.net/ss.html

http://www.aaronshep.com/

http://pbskids.org/lions/stories/



What is a ballad?https://learningplace.com.au/sc/online/eng_6/EY4_poetry_SLR_ballad.pdf

A ballad is a narrative poem that often retells the story of an heroic deed, a legend or a

recent event.

The structure of a ballad

Ballads:
•• have an orientation, complication and resolution

•• often have an ending that is tragic or sad

•• are traditionally shared orally (passed on by word of mouth), so they can change over time

and sometimes have an anonymous author

•• may contain verses or stanzas of four lines (known as quatrains)

•• may contain repetition of stanzas (a chorus) or repeated lines where a certain word is

changed

•• can have a question and answer format – one stanza presents the question and the next

one answers the question.

The language in a ballad

Ballads:

•• include language that focuses on actions and dialogue

•• include language that indirectly conveys information about the characters, relationships,

events, time period and setting (i.e. so the audience has to infer meanings)

•• are often written in third or first person

•• usually have a rhyming pattern of either abac, aabb or abcb

•• have a regular beat (metrical) structure

•• are often written in complete sentences

•• include language that is selected to convey a particular mood or evoke an emotional

response.

Examples of ballads

Traditional ballads

Gypsy rover, The Highwayman,

Scarborough fair

Australian/bush ballads
Waltzing Matilda, Botany Bay, The

wild colonial boy

Modern ballads

The ballad of Billy the Kid (Billy

Joel), I was only 19 (Redgum,

John Schumann)



What are legends?



A legend is a semi-true story, which has been passed on from person-to-person and has important
meaning or symbolism for the culture in which it originates. A legend usually includes an element of
truth, or is based on historic facts, but with 'mythical qualities'. Legends usually involve heroic characters
or fantastic places and often encompass the spiritual beliefs of the culture in which they originate.

Legends are the “superheroes” of literature: King Arthur and Robin Hood are two examples of legends,
based on real people who lived in a different time and place. Johnny Appleseed is a good example of an
American legend. So is John Brown. Although these people really lived, the stature they’ve been given in
books is something no mortal person could ever live up to.

What are folktales?



A folktale is a popular story that was passed on in spoken form, from one generation to the next. Usually
the author is unknown and there are often many versions of the tale. Folktales comprise fables, fairy
tales, old legends and even 'urban legends'. Again, some tales may have been based on a partial truth
that has been lost or hidden over time. It is difficult to categorize folktales precisely because they fit into
many categories.

http://www.pitara.com/talespin/folktales.asp

http://www.americanfolklore.net/sindex.html

http://learningtogive.org/lessons/unit226/lesson12.html
What is the difference between legends, myths and folktales?



Myths, legends and folktales are hard to classify and often overlap. Imagine a line (or continuum) as
illustrated below, with an historical account based on facts at one end and myths or cultural folktales at
the other; as you progress towards the mythical/folktale end of the line, what an event symbolises to
people, or what they feel about it, becomes of greater historical significance than the facts, which
become less important. By the time you reach the far end of the spectrum, the story has taken on a life
of its own and the facts of the original event, if there ever were any, have become almost irrelevant. It is
the message that is important



Many people have asked me on my travels, what is the difference between a myth, legend,
fable and folk tales?

Myths, legends and fables are old stories written for adults and children. Folk or fairy tales
were written specially for children.

MYTHS

Myths are made up stories that try to explain how our world works and how we should treat
each other. The stories are usually set in times long ago, before history as we know it was
written.

People have always asked questions like “How did our world come to be?” or “Why do
tornadoes happen?”Some myths answered these questions.

                      In other myths, gods or “super-beings” used their powers to make
                      events happen. Or the stories were the adventures of gods, goddesses,
                      men and women.

                      These myths described the big things that happened to people and the
                      choices they made. They might be about triumph (achieving something),
                      tragedy (losing something), honour (doing the right thing), being brave
                      even when you are frightened, or being foolish and making mistakes.
                      People might be heroes in these stories and gods and goddesses could
                      use their powers to help them or make things more difficult for them.

Around the world, myths were shared by groups of people and became part of their culture.
Storytellers have passed the stories on from generation to generation and through families.
Some myths are told in many cultures, but with variations in the events or characters. For
example, most cultures, tribes or groups of people have their version of how our world came
to be.

For early people, myths were like science because they explained how natural events work.
Today we don‟t always know if myths are true or not. Some of the stories or characters may
seem impossible, and science gives us different explanations for some of our questions. But
people all over the world still like to read myths and we all like to think about what they might
mean.

“Myth” comes from the Greek word “mythos” which means “word of mouth”.

                  LEGENDS
                  Legends are also stories that have been made up, but they are different
                  from myths. Myths answer questions about how the natural world works,
                  and are set in a time long-ago, before history was written.

                  Legends are about people and their actions or deeds. The people lived in
                  more recent times and are mentioned in history. The stories are told for a
                  purpose and are based on facts, but they are not completely true.

                  Either the person never really did what the story says, or the historical
events were changed. The purpose was to make the story more interesting or convincing, or
to teach a lesson, like knowing right from wrong.

Examples of people in English legends are King Arthur, Robin Hood and Queen Boadicea. A
man who may have been King Arthur is known to have lived in the 5th or 6th century. But the
stories about the Knights of the Round Table and Merlin the Magician may not be true. The
point of the story was that the knights and their king defended their people and helped them.

The character and deeds of Robin Hood may have been based on someone else. Robin of
Loxley lived in Nottinghamshire around the time of the story, and he did help the poor. But did
he live in Nottingham forest with a band of robbers? Probably not, but helping other people is
important and the legend hasn‟t been forgotten.

Boadicea was first female queen in Britain. History tells us she lived in the 1st century and led
her people in their fight against the Romans when they invaded. The Romans won and
conquered Britain. Boadicea was captured and died in prison, but legends say that she
escaped and fought on. This story was intended to encourage people in countries invaded by
the Romans, to resist and fight.

Like myths, legends are passed down from generation to generation.

How we use the word 'legend' today

Today people use the word„legend‟ in a different way when they talk about people and their
deeds. They may describe a basketball player, football player or runner as a “sporting
legend”, or an actor as a “film legend”. What they mean is the person is famous because of
their skills or things they have done. This is similar to the earlier use of the word, and the
                      legend stories.

                   FABLES

                   A fable is another type of story, also passed down from generation to
                   generation and told to teach a lesson about something.

                   Fables are about animals that can talk and act like people, or plants or
                   forces of nature like thunder or wind. The plants may be able to move and
                   also talk and the natural forces cause things to happen in the story
because of their strength.

The most famous fables were written by a man called Aesop. We know them as Aesop‟s
Fables, and he wrote more than 600 of them.

               FOLK AND FAIRY STORIES

               Folk and fairy tales are stories written specially for children, often about
               magical characters such as elves, fairies, goblins and giants. Sometimes the
               characters are animals.

               Hans Christian Andersen is famous for writing fairy tales. He was born in
               Denmark in 1805. Examples of his stories are “The Little Mermaid”,
               “Thumbelina” and “The Red Shoes”.

In Copenhagen there is a statue of the little mermaid, sitting on a rock on the beach at the
harbour, in memory of the writer.

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were brothers, born in Germany in 1785 and 1786. They are
famous because they collected together many old fairy tales from different parts of Germany
and wrote them down for people to read. We know them as the Brothers Grimm and their
collection includes “Cinderella” and “The Frog Prince”.


Note! Fairy Tales often involve “magic”whereas Folk Tales may not.


What are Myths, Legends, Fables, Folk and Fairy Tales
Read the description of myths, legends, fables, folk and fairy tales above and fill out the table
below.

                     Time    Type of   Intended Include Purpose
                     Period Characters audience Magic?   of the
                                                         Story


     Myths

     Red
   Legends

      Blue
     Fables

     Yellow
Folk Tales

 Light Green
 Fairy Tales

     Green
   On your matrix outline in the correct color the stories you read based on the descriptions
                                             above.
                     Sign in|ReportAbuse|PrintPage|RemoveAccess|Powered ByGoogle Sites



https://sites.google.com/a/ismonterey.org/sixth-grade-mrs-shephard/what-is-a-myth-legend-fable-folk-
tale-or-fairy-tale



Venn diagram comparing all legends, folk tales, and ballads (Using Kidspiration or some other
program)

Wordle using descriptive words for each genre (or some other technology)

Divide the class into regions of the US (depending on number of students) and do research on the
states in the region and include ballads, folk tales, and legends. (Each person in a region will choose
one state to research. They will make a brochure, either using Microsoft publisher or doing their
own). The brochure will be used for persuasive writing component. The brochure will have a section
about the region including ballads, folktales, and legends and then a section featuring each state in
the region.



Choose to write a ballad, folk tale, or legend. Rubric for each-must have all the components
The Fifty States
1. What is the name of the state?
2. What is the region?
3. What is the capital of this state?
4. What are the state bird, state flower, and state tree?
5. Are there any national parks or monuments and if so what are
  they and where are they?
6. What are at least 2 other things you would like others to know
  about this state?
My Own Tall Tale
1. Plan
   a. Characters- Decide on your main character or
      characters. Think about what makes them fit into
      a tall tale. Describe them using colorful
      language.
   b. Plot- What is going to happen in your story that
      is exaggerated or superhuman? How does this
      begin? What happens next? How will your tall
      tale end?

2. Wrtie
   Use your plan as a guide as you write your tall
   tale. Make sure you read it aloud to a partner.
   Make any changes. Make sure you edit your work for
   capital letters, punctuation, and spelling.

3. Share
   Read aloud to your classmates!

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5th grade legends

  • 1. Ballads, Legends, Folktales What we want to know: What is a folktale? A legend?A ballad? How are they different? Does the region you live in have an effect on what legends, ballads, or folktales you know? Do different cultures have different folktales, legends, and ballads? http://americanfolklore.net/folklore/myths-legends/ http://lessons.atozteacherstuff.com/344/folktale-unit/ https://sites.google.com/site/americanfolktales/teacher-resources www.slideshare.net http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0194035.html http://www.legendsofamerica.com/americanhistory.html https://sites.google.com/site/americanfolktales/teacher-resources http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson-docs/FolkTaleBookList.pdf http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/mff/folktale_allfolktale.htm http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Lists/state_songs.htm http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/Arts/Folktales.html http://library.thinkquest.org/3721/poems/forms/ballad.html http://www.americanfolklore.net/ss.html http://www.aaronshep.com/ http://pbskids.org/lions/stories/ What is a ballad?https://learningplace.com.au/sc/online/eng_6/EY4_poetry_SLR_ballad.pdf A ballad is a narrative poem that often retells the story of an heroic deed, a legend or a recent event. The structure of a ballad Ballads:
  • 2. •• have an orientation, complication and resolution •• often have an ending that is tragic or sad •• are traditionally shared orally (passed on by word of mouth), so they can change over time and sometimes have an anonymous author •• may contain verses or stanzas of four lines (known as quatrains) •• may contain repetition of stanzas (a chorus) or repeated lines where a certain word is changed •• can have a question and answer format – one stanza presents the question and the next one answers the question. The language in a ballad Ballads: •• include language that focuses on actions and dialogue •• include language that indirectly conveys information about the characters, relationships, events, time period and setting (i.e. so the audience has to infer meanings) •• are often written in third or first person •• usually have a rhyming pattern of either abac, aabb or abcb •• have a regular beat (metrical) structure •• are often written in complete sentences •• include language that is selected to convey a particular mood or evoke an emotional response. Examples of ballads Traditional ballads Gypsy rover, The Highwayman, Scarborough fair Australian/bush ballads
  • 3. Waltzing Matilda, Botany Bay, The wild colonial boy Modern ballads The ballad of Billy the Kid (Billy Joel), I was only 19 (Redgum, John Schumann) What are legends? A legend is a semi-true story, which has been passed on from person-to-person and has important meaning or symbolism for the culture in which it originates. A legend usually includes an element of truth, or is based on historic facts, but with 'mythical qualities'. Legends usually involve heroic characters or fantastic places and often encompass the spiritual beliefs of the culture in which they originate. Legends are the “superheroes” of literature: King Arthur and Robin Hood are two examples of legends, based on real people who lived in a different time and place. Johnny Appleseed is a good example of an American legend. So is John Brown. Although these people really lived, the stature they’ve been given in books is something no mortal person could ever live up to. What are folktales? A folktale is a popular story that was passed on in spoken form, from one generation to the next. Usually the author is unknown and there are often many versions of the tale. Folktales comprise fables, fairy tales, old legends and even 'urban legends'. Again, some tales may have been based on a partial truth that has been lost or hidden over time. It is difficult to categorize folktales precisely because they fit into many categories. http://www.pitara.com/talespin/folktales.asp http://www.americanfolklore.net/sindex.html http://learningtogive.org/lessons/unit226/lesson12.html
  • 4. What is the difference between legends, myths and folktales? Myths, legends and folktales are hard to classify and often overlap. Imagine a line (or continuum) as illustrated below, with an historical account based on facts at one end and myths or cultural folktales at the other; as you progress towards the mythical/folktale end of the line, what an event symbolises to people, or what they feel about it, becomes of greater historical significance than the facts, which become less important. By the time you reach the far end of the spectrum, the story has taken on a life of its own and the facts of the original event, if there ever were any, have become almost irrelevant. It is the message that is important Many people have asked me on my travels, what is the difference between a myth, legend, fable and folk tales? Myths, legends and fables are old stories written for adults and children. Folk or fairy tales were written specially for children. MYTHS Myths are made up stories that try to explain how our world works and how we should treat each other. The stories are usually set in times long ago, before history as we know it was written. People have always asked questions like “How did our world come to be?” or “Why do tornadoes happen?”Some myths answered these questions. In other myths, gods or “super-beings” used their powers to make events happen. Or the stories were the adventures of gods, goddesses, men and women. These myths described the big things that happened to people and the choices they made. They might be about triumph (achieving something), tragedy (losing something), honour (doing the right thing), being brave even when you are frightened, or being foolish and making mistakes. People might be heroes in these stories and gods and goddesses could use their powers to help them or make things more difficult for them. Around the world, myths were shared by groups of people and became part of their culture. Storytellers have passed the stories on from generation to generation and through families. Some myths are told in many cultures, but with variations in the events or characters. For example, most cultures, tribes or groups of people have their version of how our world came to be. For early people, myths were like science because they explained how natural events work. Today we don‟t always know if myths are true or not. Some of the stories or characters may seem impossible, and science gives us different explanations for some of our questions. But people all over the world still like to read myths and we all like to think about what they might
  • 5. mean. “Myth” comes from the Greek word “mythos” which means “word of mouth”. LEGENDS Legends are also stories that have been made up, but they are different from myths. Myths answer questions about how the natural world works, and are set in a time long-ago, before history was written. Legends are about people and their actions or deeds. The people lived in more recent times and are mentioned in history. The stories are told for a purpose and are based on facts, but they are not completely true. Either the person never really did what the story says, or the historical events were changed. The purpose was to make the story more interesting or convincing, or to teach a lesson, like knowing right from wrong. Examples of people in English legends are King Arthur, Robin Hood and Queen Boadicea. A man who may have been King Arthur is known to have lived in the 5th or 6th century. But the stories about the Knights of the Round Table and Merlin the Magician may not be true. The point of the story was that the knights and their king defended their people and helped them. The character and deeds of Robin Hood may have been based on someone else. Robin of Loxley lived in Nottinghamshire around the time of the story, and he did help the poor. But did he live in Nottingham forest with a band of robbers? Probably not, but helping other people is important and the legend hasn‟t been forgotten. Boadicea was first female queen in Britain. History tells us she lived in the 1st century and led her people in their fight against the Romans when they invaded. The Romans won and conquered Britain. Boadicea was captured and died in prison, but legends say that she escaped and fought on. This story was intended to encourage people in countries invaded by the Romans, to resist and fight. Like myths, legends are passed down from generation to generation. How we use the word 'legend' today Today people use the word„legend‟ in a different way when they talk about people and their deeds. They may describe a basketball player, football player or runner as a “sporting legend”, or an actor as a “film legend”. What they mean is the person is famous because of their skills or things they have done. This is similar to the earlier use of the word, and the legend stories. FABLES A fable is another type of story, also passed down from generation to generation and told to teach a lesson about something. Fables are about animals that can talk and act like people, or plants or forces of nature like thunder or wind. The plants may be able to move and also talk and the natural forces cause things to happen in the story
  • 6. because of their strength. The most famous fables were written by a man called Aesop. We know them as Aesop‟s Fables, and he wrote more than 600 of them. FOLK AND FAIRY STORIES Folk and fairy tales are stories written specially for children, often about magical characters such as elves, fairies, goblins and giants. Sometimes the characters are animals. Hans Christian Andersen is famous for writing fairy tales. He was born in Denmark in 1805. Examples of his stories are “The Little Mermaid”, “Thumbelina” and “The Red Shoes”. In Copenhagen there is a statue of the little mermaid, sitting on a rock on the beach at the harbour, in memory of the writer. Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were brothers, born in Germany in 1785 and 1786. They are famous because they collected together many old fairy tales from different parts of Germany and wrote them down for people to read. We know them as the Brothers Grimm and their collection includes “Cinderella” and “The Frog Prince”. Note! Fairy Tales often involve “magic”whereas Folk Tales may not. What are Myths, Legends, Fables, Folk and Fairy Tales Read the description of myths, legends, fables, folk and fairy tales above and fill out the table below. Time Type of Intended Include Purpose Period Characters audience Magic? of the Story Myths Red Legends Blue Fables Yellow
  • 7. Folk Tales Light Green Fairy Tales Green On your matrix outline in the correct color the stories you read based on the descriptions above. Sign in|ReportAbuse|PrintPage|RemoveAccess|Powered ByGoogle Sites https://sites.google.com/a/ismonterey.org/sixth-grade-mrs-shephard/what-is-a-myth-legend-fable-folk- tale-or-fairy-tale Venn diagram comparing all legends, folk tales, and ballads (Using Kidspiration or some other program) Wordle using descriptive words for each genre (or some other technology) Divide the class into regions of the US (depending on number of students) and do research on the states in the region and include ballads, folk tales, and legends. (Each person in a region will choose one state to research. They will make a brochure, either using Microsoft publisher or doing their own). The brochure will be used for persuasive writing component. The brochure will have a section about the region including ballads, folktales, and legends and then a section featuring each state in the region. Choose to write a ballad, folk tale, or legend. Rubric for each-must have all the components
  • 8. The Fifty States 1. What is the name of the state? 2. What is the region? 3. What is the capital of this state? 4. What are the state bird, state flower, and state tree? 5. Are there any national parks or monuments and if so what are they and where are they? 6. What are at least 2 other things you would like others to know about this state?
  • 9. My Own Tall Tale 1. Plan a. Characters- Decide on your main character or characters. Think about what makes them fit into a tall tale. Describe them using colorful language. b. Plot- What is going to happen in your story that is exaggerated or superhuman? How does this begin? What happens next? How will your tall tale end? 2. Wrtie Use your plan as a guide as you write your tall tale. Make sure you read it aloud to a partner. Make any changes. Make sure you edit your work for capital letters, punctuation, and spelling. 3. Share Read aloud to your classmates!