This document describes a new device called the trichometer that can precisely measure hair loss, growth, and damage by determining the cross-sectional area of a bundled hair sample. It aims to provide an objective measurement where current methods, like photography, cannot quantify hair amount. The trichometer addresses the need to measure both hair density and diameter to fully understand changes in hair quantity. Early prototypes compress hair bundles and measure the area with mechanical precision. Studies show bundle cross-sectional area strongly correlates with changes in hair properties like diameter and density, as well as dry weight. The trichometer could help physicians track treatment outcomes and further hair physiology research.
OVER HARVESTING—
Over harvesting leads to various donor area aesthetic defects secondary to faulty technique of harvesting of hair follicles. This is mainly because of
1. Overshooting the safe excision limit
Harvesting beyond the safe donor area limit.
The use of relatively large size punches for harvesting.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
*note to end user* Please review the slides and update the information as you need for your class! This program is vintage, and a part of safety history. It is up to you to bring it into modern times!
OVER HARVESTING—
Over harvesting leads to various donor area aesthetic defects secondary to faulty technique of harvesting of hair follicles. This is mainly because of
1. Overshooting the safe excision limit
Harvesting beyond the safe donor area limit.
The use of relatively large size punches for harvesting.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
*note to end user* Please review the slides and update the information as you need for your class! This program is vintage, and a part of safety history. It is up to you to bring it into modern times!
Choose from range of ceiling fans online at Standard ElectricHavells
If you’re looking to buy the latest range of fans, Standard Electricals has got the best variety of ceiling fans, exhaust fans and portable fans at affordable prices. These fans are made from high grade material utilizing the latest technology to offer the best in class performance. Whether you want a fan for your kitchen, bedroom, living room or even bathroom, the brand offers the best ceiling fans, wall mount fans, portable fans, table fans and exhaust fans. Check online for stylish designs, striking colors and different models of the latest fans.
The ceiling fans by Standard Electricals are available in super saver, decorative, premium, and premium underlight variants. Whereas the table fans, wall mount fans and pedestal fans are featured in the category of portable fans. The brand also offers the most sturdy and efficient exhaust fans in plastic as well as metal versions. Thanks to the online shopping portals, you can check out the entire range of latest fans and their prices at just one click.
Online shopping is not just easy, it’s absolutely hassle free too. Moreover, it gives the choice of choosing from different brands, designs, styles and models without the fuss of moving from one store to another store. Standard Electricals, being a renowned brand, offers top quality fans which are energy efficient and provide great performance even at a low voltage.
So, whether you want to purchase a stylish ceiling fan, wall mount fan, pedestal fan, table fan or even an exhaust fan, Standard Electricals has a fan for every room of your home. Shop online and get the best fan that you’ve chosen delivered anywhere in India.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Choose from range of ceiling fans online at Standard ElectricHavells
If you’re looking to buy the latest range of fans, Standard Electricals has got the best variety of ceiling fans, exhaust fans and portable fans at affordable prices. These fans are made from high grade material utilizing the latest technology to offer the best in class performance. Whether you want a fan for your kitchen, bedroom, living room or even bathroom, the brand offers the best ceiling fans, wall mount fans, portable fans, table fans and exhaust fans. Check online for stylish designs, striking colors and different models of the latest fans.
The ceiling fans by Standard Electricals are available in super saver, decorative, premium, and premium underlight variants. Whereas the table fans, wall mount fans and pedestal fans are featured in the category of portable fans. The brand also offers the most sturdy and efficient exhaust fans in plastic as well as metal versions. Thanks to the online shopping portals, you can check out the entire range of latest fans and their prices at just one click.
Online shopping is not just easy, it’s absolutely hassle free too. Moreover, it gives the choice of choosing from different brands, designs, styles and models without the fuss of moving from one store to another store. Standard Electricals, being a renowned brand, offers top quality fans which are energy efficient and provide great performance even at a low voltage.
So, whether you want to purchase a stylish ceiling fan, wall mount fan, pedestal fan, table fan or even an exhaust fan, Standard Electricals has a fan for every room of your home. Shop online and get the best fan that you’ve chosen delivered anywhere in India.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
1. THE CROSS SECTIONTHE CROSS SECTION
TRICHOMETERTRICHOMETER
A NEW DEVICE FOR MEASURINGA NEW DEVICE FOR MEASURING
HAIR LOSS - HAIR GROWTH - HAIR DAMAGEHAIR LOSS - HAIR GROWTH - HAIR DAMAGE
Bernard Cohen, MDBernard Cohen, MD
VOLUNTARY PROFESSORVOLUNTARY PROFESSOR
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINEUNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
SEPTEMBER 27, 2008SEPTEMBER 27, 2008
Breakers Hotel, Palm Beach, FLBreakers Hotel, Palm Beach, FL
2. HAIR LOSSHAIR LOSS
&&
HAIR GROWTHHAIR GROWTH
Cannot be measured inCannot be measured in
an office settingan office setting
5. ““HOW MUCH HAIR”HOW MUCH HAIR”
cannot be quantifiedcannot be quantified
8686 9898
4949
6. IF IT CANIF IT CAN’T BE’T BE
MEASUREDMEASURED
IT CANIT CAN’T BE’T BE
MANAGEDMANAGED
7. What determinesWhat determines
HOW MUCH HAIRHOW MUCH HAIR
MASS - QUANTITY - VOLUMEMASS - QUANTITY - VOLUME
DENSITYDENSITY - number of hairs per cm- number of hairs per cm22
DIAMETERDIAMETER - coarse - average - fine- coarse - average - fine
LENGTHLENGTH - short - average - long- short - average - long
8. Length is not a consideration.Length is not a consideration.
Length is determined by personal styling.Length is determined by personal styling.
Length changes with every haircut.Length changes with every haircut.
9. AN INCREASE INAN INCREASE IN
DENSITYDENSITY AND/ORAND/OR DIAMETERDIAMETER
IS PERCEIVED ASIS PERCEIVED AS
GROWTHGROWTH
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
A DECREASE INA DECREASE IN
DENSITYDENSITY AND/ORAND/OR DIAMETERDIAMETER
IS PERCEIVED ASIS PERCEIVED AS
LOSSLOSS
13. MIXTURE OFMIXTURE OF
FULL SIZEFULL SIZE
&&
INTERMEDIATEINTERMEDIATE
HAIRSHAIRS
ANY HAIR LARGER THANANY HAIR LARGER THAN
30 MICRONS IS30 MICRONS IS
COUNTED ASCOUNTED AS
ONE HAIRONE HAIR
BALDING WITH MINIATURIZATIONBALDING WITH MINIATURIZATION
HAIR DENSITY COUNTHAIR DENSITY COUNT
14. Πrr22
== CROSS SECTIONAL AREACROSS SECTIONAL AREA
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
CHANGING THECHANGING THE HAIR DENSITYHAIR DENSITY 10%10%
CHANGES THE HAIR QUANTITYCHANGES THE HAIR QUANTITY 10%10%
CHANGING THECHANGING THE HAIR DIAMETERHAIR DIAMETER 10%10%
CHANGES THE HAIR QUANTITYCHANGES THE HAIR QUANTITY 20%20%
DIAMETERDIAMETER IS MORE INFLUENTIAL THANIS MORE INFLUENTIAL THAN DENSITYDENSITY
16. •• Demarcate a standard-sizedDemarcate a standard-sized AREA of SKINAREA of SKIN
•• Isolate and gather the hairs into a bundleIsolate and gather the hairs into a bundle
•• Measure the cross sectionalMeasure the cross sectional AREA of BUNDLEAREA of BUNDLE
2 x 2 cm
1 x 2 mm
17. CROSS SECTIONAL AREACROSS SECTIONAL AREA
will fluctuate ifwill fluctuate if
Diameter increasesDiameter increases
Diameter decreasesDiameter decreases
Diameter decreases… hair vanishesDiameter decreases… hair vanishes
Existing hair falls outExisting hair falls out
New hair emergesNew hair emerges
19. This can be a 4cm2
Square
Rectangle
Triangle
Hexagon
20. DESIGN A DEVICE TODESIGN A DEVICE TO
CAPTURE - COMPRESS - COMPACTCAPTURE - COMPRESS - COMPACT
ANDAND
MEASUREMEASURE
THE CROSS SECTIONAL AREATHE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA
21. THE IDEAL DEVICETHE IDEAL DEVICE
1.1. Always compress the bundle with the same exact load…Always compress the bundle with the same exact load…
regardless of the hair sample sizeregardless of the hair sample size
2.2. Compact the bundle completely …donCompact the bundle completely …don’t damage the hair’t damage the hair
3.3. Apply the load with mechanical precision… not by handApply the load with mechanical precision… not by hand
4.4. Include a precise scientific measuring elementInclude a precise scientific measuring element
5.5. Be easy-to-use and widely availableBe easy-to-use and widely available
6.6. Not require that hair be cutNot require that hair be cut
7.7. Not require a physician operatorNot require a physician operator
8.8. Generate results in less than 5 minutesGenerate results in less than 5 minutes
28. 4 cm4 cm22
of SKINof SKIN containscontains 2.80 mm2.80 mm22
of HAIRof HAIR
DivideDivide 2.8O2.8O byby 4.004.00 = .70= .70 mmmm22
HAIRHAIR / cm/ cm22
SKINSKIN
.70 X 100 =.70 X 100 = TRICHOMETRIC INDEXTRICHOMETRIC INDEX = 70= 70
1 x 2.80 mm
2 x 2 cm
29. mmmm22
HAIR CROSS SECTIONHAIR CROSS SECTION
PERPER
cmcm22
SKIN SURFACESKIN SURFACE
XX
100100
7575 = Fine hair (60 microns)= Fine hair (60 microns)
100100++
= Coarse hair (80 microns)= Coarse hair (80 microns)
For an average density of 230 hairs / cmFor an average density of 230 hairs / cm22
of scalpof scalp
TRICHOMETRIC INDEXTRICHOMETRIC INDEX
30. HOW WELL DOESHOW WELL DOES
BUNDLE CROSS SECTIONBUNDLE CROSS SECTION
CORRELATE WITH CHANGES INCORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN
DIAMETER?DIAMETER?
32. HOW WELL DOESHOW WELL DOES
BUNDLE CROSS SECTIONBUNDLE CROSS SECTION
CORRELATE WITH CHANGES INCORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN
DENSITY?DENSITY?
33. STRANDS of SILK 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
BUNDLE CROSS SECTION .36 .75 1.17 1.58 1.93 2.36 2.75 3.14
RATIO BUNDLE CROSS
SECTION :: STRANDS
.018 .019 .020 .020 .019 .020 .020 .020
BUNDLE CROSS SECTIONBUNDLE CROSS SECTION
PRECISELY CORRELATES TO THEPRECISELY CORRELATES TO THE
NUMBER OF STRANDSNUMBER OF STRANDS
34. HOW WELL DOESHOW WELL DOES
BUNDLE CROSS SECTIONBUNDLE CROSS SECTION
MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT
CORRELATE WITHCORRELATE WITH
DRY WEIGHT MEASUREMENT?DRY WEIGHT MEASUREMENT?
(THE INDUSTRY GOLD STANDARD)(THE INDUSTRY GOLD STANDARD)
35. STRANDS of
SILK
150150 148148 146146 144144 142142 140140 138138
GRAMS .2754.2754 .2728.2728 .2705.2705 .2672.2672 .2546.2546 .2590.2590 .2565.2565
BUNDLE CROSS
SECTION
2.742.74 2.722.72 2.712.71 2.652.65 2.622.62 2.522.52 2.482.48
RATIO GRAMS ::
BUNDLE CROSS
SECTION
.101.101 .100.100 .100.100 .101.101 .101.101 .103.103 .103.103
BUNDLE CROSS SECTIONBUNDLE CROSS SECTION
PRECISELY CORRELATES WITH THEPRECISELY CORRELATES WITH THE
WEIGHT OF BUNDLEWEIGHT OF BUNDLE
RATIO STRANDS ::
BUNDLE CROSS
SECTION
5555 5454 5454 5454 5454 5656 5656
36. SAME STUDY USINGSAME STUDY USING
HAIRHAIR
INSTEAD OFINSTEAD OF
SILK FILAMENTSSILK FILAMENTS
37. NUMBER OF
HAIRS
xx XX
MINUSMINUS
22
XX
MINUSMINUS
44
XX
MINUSMINUS
88
XX
MINUSMINUS
1010
XX
MINUSMINUS
1212
XX
MINUSMINUS
1414
XX
MINUSMINUS
1616
XX
MINUSMINUS
2020
GRAMS .5536.5536 .5528.5528 .5519.5519 .5511.5511 .5506.5506 .5494.5494 .5480.5480 .5467.5467 .5434.5434
BUNDLE CROSS
SECTION mm2
2.082.08 2.042.04 1.981.98 1.951.95 1.941.94 1.921.92 1.891.89 1.871.87 1.821.82
RATIO
GRAMS ::
BUNDLE CROSS
SECTION
.265.265 .271.271 .278.278 .284.284 .283.283 .286.286 .289.289 .292.292 .298.298
BUNDLE CROSS SECTIONBUNDLE CROSS SECTION
PRECISELY CORRELATES WITH THEPRECISELY CORRELATES WITH THE
WEIGHT OF BUNDLEWEIGHT OF BUNDLE
WHEN HAIR IS USED INSTEAD OF SILK, AMBIENT MOISTURE IS ABSORBEDWHEN HAIR IS USED INSTEAD OF SILK, AMBIENT MOISTURE IS ABSORBED
38. THE SEVERITY SCALETHE SEVERITY SCALE
MINIMALMINIMAL MILDMILD
Much more hair than skin More hair than skinMuch more hair than skin More hair than skin
MODERATE SEVEREMODERATE SEVERE
More skin than hair Much more skin than hairMore skin than hair Much more skin than hair
39. 1999 - E. Marritt conclusively demonstrated:1999 - E. Marritt conclusively demonstrated:
50% of the hair mass must be lost before50% of the hair mass must be lost before
the underlying skin becomes visible.the underlying skin becomes visible.
When a man discovers for the first timeWhen a man discovers for the first time
that hethat he’s balding… he has already’s balding… he has already
lost 50% of his hair!lost 50% of his hair!
40. THE SEVERITY SCALETHE SEVERITY SCALE
MINIMALMINIMAL MILDMILD
Much more hair than skin More hair than skinMuch more hair than skin More hair than skin
MODERATE SEVEREMODERATE SEVERE
More skin than hair Much more skin than hairMore skin than hair Much more skin than hair
46. 4 MONTHS AFTER4 MONTHS AFTER
CHILDBIRTHCHILDBIRTH
49497575 9595
10 MONTHS AFTER
CHILDBIRTH
47. FEMALE with HAIR LOSSFEMALE with HAIR LOSS
(occiput & mid scalp are about equal)(occiput & mid scalp are about equal)
CONCLUSION = Hair Loss is DIFFUSE not PATTERNCONCLUSION = Hair Loss is DIFFUSE not PATTERN
7474
7777
48. MALE with EARLY BALDINGMALE with EARLY BALDING
Vertex = 50% LOSS = VISIBLEVertex = 50% LOSS = VISIBLE
Mid scalp = 12% LOSS = NOT VISIBLEMid scalp = 12% LOSS = NOT VISIBLE
(86/98 X 100 = 88%)(86/98 X 100 = 88%)
8686 9898
4949
49. CAN THE DEVICECAN THE DEVICE
BE USED TOBE USED TO
MEASUREMEASURE
HAIR DAMAGE?HAIR DAMAGE?
50. If hair is chemically treated each month.If hair is chemically treated each month.
DISTALDISTAL shaft willshaft will
receive more treatmentsreceive more treatments
thanthan PROXIMALPROXIMAL shaft.shaft.
Breakage will occur inBreakage will occur in DISTALDISTAL shaft.shaft.
51. THEREFORETHEREFORE
Measure a hair bundleMeasure a hair bundle’s X-section’s X-section
along its lengthalong its length
to detect the absence ofto detect the absence of
DISTALDISTAL hair shafts.hair shafts.
52. BUNDLE OF DAMAGED HAIRBUNDLE OF DAMAGED HAIR
X-sect = 1.73 sq mmX-sect = 1.73 sq mm
X-sect = 2.06 sq mmX-sect = 2.06 sq mm
X-sect = 3.89 sq mmX-sect = 3.89 sq mm
X-sect = 4.54 sq mmX-sect = 4.54 sq mm
Skin surface
2 cm
5 cm
7 cm
10 cm
53. If the X-section is 1.73 mmIf the X-section is 1.73 mm22
at 10 cmat 10 cm
and 4.54 mmand 4.54 mm22
at the skin surface…at the skin surface…
1.73 divided by 4.54 = .381.73 divided by 4.54 = .38
WE CAN CONCLUDEWE CAN CONCLUDE
THERE IS 38% HAIR BREAKAGETHERE IS 38% HAIR BREAKAGE
@ 10 CM FROM THE SCALP@ 10 CM FROM THE SCALP
54. HAIR DAMAGEHAIR DAMAGE measurements can be performed on themeasurements can be performed on the
2 x2 cm bundle that was captured for the standard2 x2 cm bundle that was captured for the standard
TRICHOMETRIC INDEXTRICHOMETRIC INDEX measurement.measurement.
HAIR DAMAGEHAIR DAMAGE measurements can be performed onmeasurements can be performed on
anyany random bundle of hair, provided it fits into therandom bundle of hair, provided it fits into the
capture chamber of the device.capture chamber of the device.
55. The size of the bundle has no relevance. No scalpThe size of the bundle has no relevance. No scalp
measurement is required.measurement is required.
Performance of aPerformance of a HAIR DAMAGEHAIR DAMAGE measurementmeasurement
takes about 2 minutes.takes about 2 minutes.
Hair may be wet or dry.Hair may be wet or dry.
No training or experience is required.No training or experience is required.
56. SUMMARYSUMMARY
• Measure hair damage and breakageMeasure hair damage and breakage
• Track & measure shedding (effluvium)Track & measure shedding (effluvium)
• Track & measure thinning (balding)Track & measure thinning (balding)
• Manage hair loss treatmentManage hair loss treatment
• Measure the efficacy of a device or drugMeasure the efficacy of a device or drug
• Measure HT resultsMeasure HT results
• Determine if a drug causes hair lossDetermine if a drug causes hair loss
• Detect balding many years in advanceDetect balding many years in advance
So how DO we measure hair loss?
We use the 7 category Norwood system
Its 50 years old, It depicts hair distribution
But its Black and white, with no shades of gray,
So an areas has either ALL hair or NO hair
GLOBAL PHOTOGRAPHY is used for clinical studies, but almost never in the office
It compares the patients BEFORE picture with the patient’s AFTER picture
To determine the relative difference between the two.
But with global photography you can’t actually measure the QUANTITY of hair.
I suggest that a meaningful measurement be limited to DENSITY AND DIAMETER
INDEX VALUE REFLECTED ANY
Increase in Diameter
Decrease in Diameter
Increase in Density (hair count)
Decrease in Density (hair count)
INDEX VALUE REFLECTED ANY
Increase in Diameter
Decrease in Diameter
Increase in Density (hair count)
Decrease in Density (hair count)
INDEX VALUE REFLECTED ANY
Increase in Diameter
Decrease in Diameter
Increase in Density (hair count)
Decrease in Density (hair count)
INDEX VALUE REFLECTED ANY
Increase in Diameter
Decrease in Diameter
Increase in Density (hair count)
Decrease in Density (hair count)
We can track the progress of propecia, minoxidil, laser, biotin, transplants
Or evaluate low level laser therapy
This patient is 21% improved after one year
We can track the progress of propecia, minoxidil, laser, biotin, transplants
Or evaluate low level laser therapy
This patient is 21% improved after one year
We can track the progress of propecia, minoxidil, laser, biotin, transplants
Or evaluate low level laser therapy
This patient is 21% improved after one year
We can track the progress of propecia, minoxidil, laser, biotin, transplants
Or evaluate low level laser therapy
This patient is 21% improved after one year
A female with hair loss can be measured in two areas
If the occiput and mid scalp are about equal, the hair loss is diffuse
If the mid scalp is less than the occiput then she would have androgenetic alopecia
As heres an example I gave earlier
3 measurement
Pt has a 50% loss on the vertex and a 12% loss in the midscalp
Now we will be able - in our offices to
Track shedding (effluvium)
Track thinning (balding)
Manage hair loss treatment
Detect early balding many years in advance
Determine if a new drug will cause hair loss