3. Lesson aims
• Introduce Manicures.
• Reasons and effects of a manicure.
• The importance of consultation.
• Recognising contra-indication.
• How to carry out filing.
• Enamaling the nail.
• Homecare advise
• Conta-actions
4. • The word Manicure means what in Latin?
• manus for "hand," cura for "care."
5. • Manicure
• The nail industry in recent years has grown
fast. There are opportunities to set up nails
bar and provide services in a range if settings
that provide simple treatments with maximum
benefits such as: mobile, in a salon, home
based technician, hair dressing salon, sports
centre, cruise liner, at airports, media and
fashion, providing simple treatments with
maximum benefits. The best possible way to
maintain and preserve the health of the nail is
to seek a professional manicurist (fingernails
technician) and pedicurist (toenails
technician).
6. • Manicure treatments include –
• Consultation and contra-indication checks
• Sanitising and cleansing the hands and nails
• Cutting and filing the nails to the required length and
shape
• Applying cuticle cream and soaking the nails to soften
the surrounding tissue
• Cuticle work
• Massage
• Buffing
• Nail enamel application including base coat, coloured
or French enamel and top coat
• Luxury treatments may also be provided
7. • Reasons for manicure treatments –
• The procedure frees the nail wall and cuticle from
the nail plate thus avoiding nail conditions such as
hangnail/agnail and pterygium.
• Infection is prevented.
• Minor nail damage is prevented from worsening.
• Fragile and brittle nail conditions can be improved.
• The skin is improved, delaying the signs of ageing.
• To relax the client and make them feel pampered.
• To make the hands and nails look attractive.
• To present the hands and nails well.
• The nail is kept smooth and shapely.
8. • Effects of manicure treatments –
– Erythema – Vaso-dilation of blood vessels
occurs due to increased circulation causing
reddening of the skin
– Improved appearance of hands – nails are
shapely, cuticles are tidy
– Relaxation
9. • Contra-indications to Manicure treatments
• Before commencing with the treatment, the
therapist should complete a consultation
card.
• This will enable the therapist to assess the
client needs and discuss their requirements
and expectations and allow the therapist to
make recommendations for treatment.
• The consultation process will also allow the
therapist to visually and verbally screen out
any contra- indications.
10. What is a contra-indication
• A contra-indication is a reason, a symptom, or
a situation that prevents all or part of the
treatment from being safely carried out.
• Classifications of contra-indications are –
• With medical, GP or specialist permission
• Contra-indications that prevent the
treatment (Can-not treat)
• Contra-indications that restrict the
treatment (Work around)
11. • With medical, GP or specialist permission –
• Haemophilia- is a rare bleeding disorder in which the
blood doesn't clot normally.
• Medical oedema-is a condition of abnormally large
fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues
between the body's cells which causes exsessive
swelling.
• Arthritis- is the swelling of one or more joints in the
body.
• Acute rheumatism.
13. • Preventing treatments –
– Fungal infections
– Bacterial infections
– Viral infections
– Parasitic infections
– Severe nail separation
– Severe eczema
– Severe psoriasis
– Severe bruising
14. • Preventing treatments –
– Fungal infections-Both fingernails and
toenails are susceptible to the infection,
which usually manifests as discoloration and
thickening of the nail and crumbling edges.
The condition most commonly occurs in
toenails.
Between six and eight percent of the adult
population suffers from nail fungus
infection.
15. • Who gets nail fungus infections?
• Nail fungus infections are more common in men than
women and in the elderly than the young.
• one's risk of nail fungal infection include the Slow
growing nails
• A family history of fungal infection (genetics)
• Heavy perspiration
• Humid or moist work environment
• Wearing socks and shoes that prevent ventilation
• Walking barefoot in damp public places (swimming
pools, gyms and shower rooms)
• Previous injury or infection to the skin or nail
• Diabetes, AIDS, circulation problems, a weakened
immune system
• Tight footwear with crowding of toes
16. • What are the symptoms of nail fungus
infections?
• Nails that are infected with fungus typically
are thickened, brittle, crumbly, ragged,
distorted, dull, and darker or yellowish in
colour. A patient may also experience infected
nails separate from the nail bed. Sometimes,
nail fungal infections result in pain in the toes
or fingertips, and they may even emit a slight
foul odor.
• HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
• DO NOT TREAT
17. • Bacterial infection
• Injury or infection to a finger
• Infection can range from mild to potentially serious.
Often these infections start out small and are
relatively easy to treat. Failure to properly treat
these infections can result in permanent disability or
loss of the finger.
• Early recognition and proper treatment of the
following main finger infections will help prevent most
of the serious outcomes.
• Paronychia is an infection of the finger that involves
the tissue at the edges of the fingernail. This
infection is usually superficial and localized to the
soft tissue and skin around the fingernail. This is the
most common bacterial infection seen in the hand.
18. • Bacterial infections – how would you know you had a
bacterial infection? Number one, it probably would
hurt. It would cause you pain. There would be
drainage. The nail bed itself would be red. There may
be some whiteness around the nail indicating there’s
pus. If you have a bacterial infection, it needs
antibiotics.
19. • The difference between a fungal infection
and a bacterial infection is the cause. A fungal
infection is caused by fungi, whereas a
bacterial infection is caused by bacteria.
Fungus must be treated by fungicide.
Bacterial infection requires antibiotics.
Bacterial is caused by a kind of
bacteria in your body easily spread
Viral is The easiest spread usually
airborne
Fungal is a disease caused by a spore or
fungus
20. • Restricting treatment –
• Minor nail separation
• Minor eczema
• Minor psoriasis
• Severely bitten nails
• Damaged nails
• Broken bones
21. Re-cap
• With medical, GP or specialist
permission
• Contra-indications that prevent the
treatment
• Contra-indications that restrict the
treatment
22. • The consultation process should also include noting
the natural nail condition and shape, planning an
appropriate treatment for the client’s expectations
and needs and discussing any homecare advice.
• It is important of the therapist to understand when
to encourage clients to seek medical advice – to
receive advice and treatment for their conditions
• It is important not to name specific contra-
indications when referring to a G.P as a therapist
is not qualified to diagnose
• contra-indications,
• has no medical training
• and it could alarm the client.
23. • Filing the nail
• Nails are shaped using emery boards, metal nail files
will tear apart the nail layers. Emery boards are about
7 – 8 inch strips coated with emery iron oxide.
• Always file the nails to suit the clients existing nail
shape and hands.
• It is important to remember that when filing and
shaping the nails that it is the sides which give the
nail its strength and if this is filed away the nail
becomes weak.
• Also filing the nails to a point will weaken the nails.
• Always file the nail from the sides to the centre at
a 45° angle, filing to and fro will cause the nail to
split and break. This is because the friction is
causing heat within the nail plate thus drying out the
moisture which assists in holding the nail plate
together.
24. • Nails can be grouped into 5 basic shapes:
• Round.
• Oval.
• Square.
• Pointed.
• Almond.
25. • When deciding on the nail shapes there
are several factors that must be taking
into consideration:
• The clients preference.
• Clients occupation.
• Clients natural nail shape
26. • How to file-
• Hold emery board at a 45 degree angle under the nail
plate.
• Use the file in one direction only i.e. side to centre,
side to centre
• Use long light stokes so that there is less stress on
the nails.
• Do not file back and forth as this separates and
weakens the nails causing them to split. It also causes
friction and dries up the moisture leading to flaking
at the tip.
• The shape of the free edge should be the same as
that of the cuticle to attain a balanced look.
27. • Nail enamel application
• When deciding on nail enamel, the therapist should consider
the following:
• The clients preference.
• The condition of the nails – short or damaged nails are most
suited to darker shades to diminish the appearance. Long nails
suit subtle shades as well as dark shades.
• Balance the nail colour with skin tones – warm skin tones need
cool shades of colour (blue and yellow), pale, sallow skin colour
needs cool pink undertone to add warmth.
• Time of year – dark rich shades work best in winter. Salmon
pink, reds, coral and pastels colours work best in summer.
28. • Having decided on the correct
• colour with the client,
• ensure the varnish is at the right consistency,
if not; thin it with an appropriate solvent.
• Do not use varnish remover as they may
contain oil and water which will prevent
hardening.
• Always apply base coat, if need be a ridge
filler base may be used or a nail hardener if
the nail are weak.
• Next 2 – 3 coats of coloured enamel are
applied and then top coat if required.
29. Base coat
• Always use a good quality base
coat specific to its purpose.
• Base coat stays tacky ensuring
good adhesion of coloured
enamel.
• Preserves the life of enamel
application.
• Contains more resin than
coloured enamel.
• Apply in 3 strokes (small nail) up
to 6 strokes (larger
30. Coloured enamel
• Used to add gloss and colour to natural nails.
• Cream polish contains insoluble colours mixed with
iron oxide and titanium dioxide.
• Pearl polishes get their effect from reflective
transparent crystals of guanine.
• Polishes vary in consistency and may require from one
application up to as many as 5 applications to achieve
a professional result.
• Apply in 3 strokes (small nail) up to 6 strokes (larger
nail).
31. Top coat
• Used to seal polish in.
• To provide a protective
cover for
natural/coloured nails.
• Apply in 3 strokes (small
nail) up to 6 strokes
(larger nail).
32. Possible faults -
• Chipping varnish..
• Due to flaky nail plate.
• No base coat used.
• Polish applied too thinly.
• Oil/moisture left on nail plate.
• Varnish force dried
33. • Peeling nail varnish…
• Nail surface incorrectly prepared.
• Polish too thick.
• Incorrect base coat.
• Application on top of wet coat.
• Oil and moisture present.
34. • Bubbling nail
varnish..
• Nail surface
incorrectly prepared.
• Polish too thick.
• Enamel drying
products were used
between coats
