Using Authority Data to Enhance the Semantic Web

Back From the Endangered List:
Using Authority Data to Enhance the Semantic Web
www.niso.org/news/events/2011/nisowebinars/authoritydata/

• Linking Things and the Virtual International Authority
File
– Jeff Young, Software Architect, OCLC Research

• Authorities as Linked Data Hubs
– Richard Wallis, Technology Evangelist, Talis

• The Getty Vocabularies: “Non-Authoritarian” Authority
Files for Art, Architecture, and Material Culture
– Murtha Baca, Head, Digital Art History Access, Getty
Research Institute

NISO Webinar • February 9, 2011

What is an “Authority”?

Authority Agency
Authority Scheme
Authority Format
Authority Collection
Authority File
Authority Record
Authority Heading
Authority Data
Etc.

Linking Things and the Virtual International Authority File 3

VIAF Overview

18 authority agency participants (mostly national
libraries)
21 authority files
Mostly MARC 21 or UNIMARC authority format
17 million name authority records
60 million bibliographic records
Includes personal, corporate, and meeting name
records, with some cross-referenced geographic name
records pulled in

Result: 14 million VIAF clusters


VIAF Pair-wise Matching
(“Research Libraries Group” example)


VIAF Linked Data Hub & Spoke Version
(using skos:exactMatch links)

VIAF
Cluster


VIAF URIs

Contributed record URI:
• http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC|n++79032879
• Behaves by redirecting to the assigned VIAF cluster URI
• Acts as a REST web service to lookup the VIAF cluster identifier
VIAF cluster URI:
• http://viaf.org/viaf/102333412
• Content-negotiable for
XHTML, MARC21/XML, UNIMARC/XML, VIAF/XML, and RDF/XML
• ―Exact match‖ to contributed record URIs to form the spokes


But What Do Authority Records Describe?

UNIMARC Authorities Format:
• Primary Entity — The entity, named in the 2-- block of the
record, for which the record was created. Data in the 1--
block generally pertain to characteristics of the primary
entity.
MARC 21 Format for Authority Data:
• 024: “… associated with the entity named in the 1XX field…”
• 046: “… the entity described in the record…”
• Various new 37X fields to collect information about “the
entity”

“Primary Entity” is a handy term to avoid confusion
with any secondary entities lying around

Deciphering the Primary Entity’s “type”
(MARC 21)
100 Personal Name -> FRBR Person or FRAD Family?
110 Corporate Name -> FRBR Corporate Body?
111 Meeting Name -> FRBR Corporate Body or Event?
130 Uniform Title -> FRBR Work?
148 Chronological Term-> ???
150 Topical Term -> FRBR Concept?
151 Geographic Name -> FRBR Place?
155 Genre/Form -> ???


Deciphering the Primary Entity’s “type”
(UNIMARC)
200 Personal Name -> FRBR Person?
210 Corporate Body Name -> FRBR Corporate Body?
215 Territorial or Geographic Name-> FRBR Place?
220 Family Name -> FRAD Family?
230 Uniform Title -> FRBR Work?
240 Name/Title -> FRBR Work?
250 Topical Subject-> FRBR Concept?
260 Place Access -> FRBR Place?
280 Form, Genre or Physical Characteristics -> ???


Primary Entities in Linked Data

In Linked Data, the Primary Entity should have a
different http URI from the record that describes it

For convenience, the former should be a “cool URI”
that automatically directs clients to the latter URI

This identifier separation allows us to construct
sensible statements like ―Primary Entity X was born on
Y‖ without leading systems to believe the record was
―born‖ on that date
―Cool URIs for the Semantic Web.‖ W3C. 03 December 2008. <http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/>.


VIAF Primary Entity URIs

Person
• http://viaf.org/viaf/102333412/#foaf:Person
• http://viaf.org/viaf/102333412/#rdaEnt:Person

Corporate Body
• http://viaf.org/viaf/153463563/#foaf:Organization
• http://viaf.org/viaf/153463563/#rdaEnt:CorporateBody


The “focus” of a VIAF Cluster is a Primary
Entity

exactMatch exactMatch

VIAF exactMatch
exactMatch
Cluster

focus

Person


Authorities
as Linked Data
Hubs
Richard Wallis
Technology Evangelist
Talis
richard.wallis@talis.com
@rjw
www.slideshare.net/rjw

NISO Webinar February 9th 2011

...40+ year library metadata heritage

• Originated from a library cooperative
cataloguing project

cataloguing project

• Leading UK ILS supplier
- 25% of UK public and academic libraries
- 30M Shared catalogue still core service

cataloguing project

• Leading UK ILS supplier
- 25% of UK public and academic libraries
- 30M Shared catalogue still core service

• Talis Education
- Resource management for Universities
- Resource relationships between educators
students and libraries

... and the Semantic Web
• Semantic Web potential for data rich
organisations
- 2005

organisations
- 2005
• Built Semantic Web Platform Service
- Powering Library & Education products
- Linked Data Platform as a Service for all

organisations
- 2005
• Linked Data Evangelism

organisations
- 2005
• Linked Data Evangelism

• Facilitate learning, understanding, adoption,
hosting
- Training, advising, mentoring, consultancy, managed
services

Term Clarification!

Linked Data
Semantic Web

Web of Data

Term Clarification!

Linked Data :
The pragmatic application of Semantic Web
standards and techniques which underpin the
emergence of a GlobalWeb of Data that
will help realise a futureSemantic Web .

Term Clarification!

Linked Data :

Key Standards:
RDF
SPARQL

Term Clarification!

Linked Data :

Key Standards:
Format to describe data and
RDF relationships
Query language for RDF
SPARQL data

An Assertion

The impact of Linked Data will be greater than

the World Wide Web it builds upon.

Linked Data Web
Current state:

Hub Attributes
• Useful

• Onward Links

• Available

• Open

• Authoritative

• Trusted

• Does core job well

Hub Interconnections

Why no Link to VIAF ?

RDF - only a VIAF result format

Library of Congress Authorities

Library Linked Data

Mark
Fischetti
Author Published by
Harper
Tim
Author Weaving Paperbac
Berners-
the Web ks
Lee

Subject Sold by

World Amazon.c
Wide Web om

Look beyond the record ...

... to a set of links

Look beyond the record ...

... to a set of links
Subject: http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh95000541#concept

Authorities Become Linking Hubs


• Hubs to Link to ....



• Hubs to link onwards from ....




• Authoritative




• Authoritative
- Within Library Community




• Authoritative
- On behalf of Library Community




• Authoritative

• Subjects, Identities, Geographies, Form
ats, ...




• Authoritative

• Subjects, Identities, Geographies,
Formats, ...

• Works?

How?

• RDF encode what we have

How?


• Mixture of ontologies
- For Libraries - RDA, FRBR, etc.
- Wider use - DC Terms, FOAF

How?



• Link out - Wikipedia, NYT, IMDB, etc.

How?




• Openly Publish

How?




• Openly Publish

• Make queryable - SPARQL

The Getty Vocabularies: ‗Non-
Authoritarian‘ Authority Files for Art,
Architecture, and Material Culture
NISO Webinar on Using Authority Data to Enhance the Semantic Web
February 9, 2011

Murtha Baca, PhD
Getty Research Institute

© 2011 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not reproduce.

The Getty Vocabularies:
an Overview

• The AAT, ULAN, and TGN were begun in the mid-1980s
• to meet the needs of the art museum, visual
resources, archives, and art library communities
• They are authoritative vocabularies to aid in the indexing
and retrieval of resources related to art, architecture, and
material culture.

image: photographer Michael Gäbler , wikipedia commons

• Each vocabulary was conceived and constructed differently
• Since 1990s, all three have been united with the same core
data structure and editorial rules
• Planning for the 4th vocabulary, CONA, was begun in 2004
• We provide instruction for use of and contribution to the Getty
vocabularies at conferences and in online training materials

Patricia Harpring © 2010 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes. Do not reproduce. image: photographer Michael Gäbler , wikipedia commons

http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.html

Getty Vocabularies
•Art & Architecture Thesaurus ® (AAT)
• 34,000 ‗records‘; 131,000 terms
• Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ® (TGN)
•895,000 ‗records‘; 1,115,000 names
• Union List of Artist Names ® (ULAN)
•127,000 ‗records‘ 375,000 names
• Cultural Objects Name Authority™ (CONA)
•under development; available for contributions in 2011

 Focus on the visual arts and architecture
 Grow through contributions from the user community
 Compiled, maintained, distributed by the Getty Vocabulary Program, a
unit of the Getty Research Institute (GRI) in Los Angeles

The Getty Vocabularies
• AAT terms = generic concepts
• (e.g., watercolors, amphora)
• TGN names = administrative, physical places
• (e.g., Los Angeles, Ottoman Empire, Bavarian Alps)
• ULAN = person, corporate body names
• (e.g., Christopher Wren, Altobelli & Molins)
• CONA = titles/names of art and architecture
• (e.g., Mona Lisa, Empire State Building)

 Each vocabulary record is identified by a
unique, persistent numeric ID

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE GETTY VOCABULARIES

 The thesauri grow and change over time
 New terms come from Getty projects and authorized outside
contributors
 Current contributors include
museums, libraries, archives, bibliographic and documentation
projects

 Contributed records
are merged as
necessary
 I.e., if multiple
contributors submit
records for the same
concept (AAT),
person (ULAN), place
(TGN), or object/work
(CONA), the
information is merged
into one record, with
contributors noted at
certain key fields

 Contributed records
are merged as
necessary
 I.e., if multiple
contributors submit Le Corbusier …….[Avery, BHA, CCA]
records for the same
concept
(AAT), person
(ULAN), place
(TGN), or object/work
(CONA), the
information is merged
into one record, with
contributors noted at
certain key fields

 The compiled Getty vocabularies are copyrighted by the J.
Paul Getty Trust
 They are licensed to institutions and businesses; over 330
licenses have been negotiated
 Currently, AAT, TGN, and ULAN are licensed with fees adjusted
differently for for-profit and not-for-profit institutions; currently licenses
are renewed every five years; CONA licensing details are not yet
determined
 Data files are released annually in XML and relational tables.
 New releases of full data files for AAT, ULAN, and TGN are
released annually, in June or July
 Also available via Web services APIs; refreshed every two weeks

• The Getty vocabularies are implemented in collections
management systems, in which thousands of users access the
vocabularies
• They are also
available through a
search screen on
line, averaging over
180,000 queries
per month

• The Getty
vocabularies are
among the top
resources accessed
on the Getty Web
site

In this sample trimester, Web users of the Getty vocabularies
represented around 130 nations, with the heaviest usage coming
from the following nations: USA, Canada, UK, Switzerland,
Germany, Italy, Australia, France, India, Spain, Poland, Belgium,
Japan, Russia, Greece, Taiwan, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

The Getty vocabularies are used by various audiences:
•by catalogers or indexers who are describing works of art, archival
materials, visual surrogates, or bibliographic materials
•by researchers
•by systems implementers creating search tools to enhance end-
user access to online resources

• The Getty vocabularies comply with national and
international standards for thesaurus construction.

• The Getty vocabularies comply with national and
international standards for thesaurus construction.

 We are active in the
standards-building
communities

Images from getty.edu, metmuseum.org,, other museum sites

Thesauri
 Thesaurus: A semantic network of unique concepts
 Thesauri may be monolingual or multilingual
 Thesauri may have the following three relationships:
 Equivalence Relationships
 Hierarchical Relationships hierarchical
 Associative Relationships Objects Facet
.... Furnishings and Equipment
stirrup cups ........ Containers
coaching glasses
hunting glasses ............ <culinary containers>
associative ................ <vessels for serving / consuming
rhyta equivalence
sturzbechers .................... rhyta
distinguished from rhyton
rhytons
Sturzbecher
stortebekers rhea
rheon
rheons
ritón

Images from getty.edu, metmuseum.org,, other museum sites

Thesauri As with AAT, TGN,
ULAN, and CONA are
 Thesaurus: A semantic network of unique concepts
thesauri in
 Thesauri may be monolingual or multilingual compliance with ISO
 Thesauri may have the following three relationships: and NISO standards
 Equivalence Relationships
 Hierarchical Relationships hierarchical
 Associative Relationships Objects Facet
.... Furnishings and Equipment
stirrup cups ........ Containers
coaching glasses
hunting glasses ............ <culinary containers>
associative ................ <vessels for serving / consuming
rhyta equivalence
sturzbechers .................... rhyta
distinguished from rhyton
rhytons
Sturzbecher
stortebekers rhea
rheon
rheons
ritón

Coverage & Status of
the Getty Vocabularies

simplified Entity Relationship Diagram for Getty Vocabularies
SUBJECT
MAIN TABLE
basic record information,
unique ID, parent_key, record type,
descriptive/scope note, flags

NAMES / TERMS
multiple
names, one is flagged
preferred; dates for names

SUBJECT
MAIN TABLE

NAMES / TERMS
multiple

•All four Getty
vocabularies have a
common structure

SUBJECT
MAIN TABLE

NAMES / TERMS •Main
multiple table, Subject_I
preferred; dates for names D links data to
the record
•Terms also
identified by
an ID

•All four Getty
vocabularies have a
common structure

SUBJECT
MAIN TABLE

NAMES / TERMS
multiple

Language
Contributors

Sources

ASSOCIATIVE
RELATIONSHIPS
links between
subjects, dates

•Equivalence
relationships between SUBJECT
terms/names that are MAIN TABLE
linked to the same unique ID, parent_key, record type,
concept ID descriptive/scope note, flags

NAMES / TERMS •Hierarchical
multiple relationships between
different concept
IDs; each record is
linked to its
Language immediate parent
Contributors

Sources •Associative
relationships between
different concept
ASSOCIATIVE IDs; are reciprocal
RELATIONSHIPS
links between
subjects, dates

SUBJECT
MAIN TABLE

NAMES / TERMS Biography Revision
multiple (ULAN)
names, one is flagged Coordinates display History •TGN
preferred; dates for names bio, birth/death editor
(TGN) name, action, date , ULAN, an
dates, places
of action
d CONA
Language Events
Contributors (ULAN) PLACE
additional
event, dates TYPES/ROLES tables
Sources Nationality (ULAN, TGN) multiple
place types or roles, one is
(ULAN) flagged preferred, dates

ASSOCIATIVE
RELATIONSHIPS
links between
subjects, dates

SUBJECT Source
MAIN TABLE controlled
Relationship
Types
controlled

Biography Language
NAMES / TERMS Revision controlled
multiple (ULAN)
names, one is flagged Coordinates display History
editor Contributor
preferred; dates for names bio, birth/death
(TGN) name, action, date controlled
dates, places
of action
Nationality
Language Events controlled
Contributors (ULAN) PLACE
event, dates TYPES/ROLES
Events
controlled
Location
ASSOCIATIVE controlled
RELATIONSHIPS
links between Place Type /
subjects, dates Role controlled

SUBJECT Source
MAIN TABLE controlled
Relationship
Types
controlled

Biography Language
NAMES / TERMS controlled
multiple •Controlled values
(ULAN) Revision
names, one is flagged Coordinates identified by IDs; other
display History Contributor
preferred; dates for names bio, birth/death
(TGN) editor name, action, controlled
shorter controlled lists inof action
dates, places date the
DB simply list terminology Nationality
Language Events ―preferred,‖ ―non-
(e.g., controlled
Contributors (ULAN)
preferred‖) PLACE
event, dates TYPES/ROLES
Events
controlled
Location
ASSOCIATIVE controlled
RELATIONSHIPS
links between Place Type /
subjects, dates Role controlled

Union List
of Artist Names
ULAN

Elements of a ULAN record
names
Gaudí, Antoni
Antoni Gaudí
artist Gaudí y Cornet, Antonio
500014514 Cornet, Antoni Gauí
Gaudí i Cornet, Antoni

 The Focus of each
vocabulary record is a
concept - not a “term”
 Conceptual record
identified by unique
numeric ID
 Linked to each artist
record are names,
related artists, sources
for the data, and notes

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona Spain, 1882-1926. Image © http://www.op.net/~jmeltzer/Gaudi/eltemple.html. Portrait © Encyclopedia Britannica online.

Elements of a ULAN record
names
Gaudí, Antoni
life dates
Antoni Gaudí
Birth Date: 1852
artist Gaudí y Cornet, Antonio
Death Date: 1926
500014514 Cornet, Antoni Gauí
Gaudí i Cornet, Antoni roles
architect,
notes landscape
Gaudí was influenced by
Catalonia's medieval history and architect, furniture
architecture. His works display a designer
respect for craftsmanship and
structural logic. His work is geographic location
characterized by sculptural Reus (Spain)
plasticity... Barcelona (Spain)
nationalities
sources Catalan, Spanish
Contemporary Architects (1987);
Enciclopedia universal ilustrada (1978-
1983) ; Encyclopedia of world art (1959- related people
1987) ; Grove Dictionary of Art online studied with
(1999-); LC Name Authority Headings Juan Martorell Montells
[online] (2002-)

SCOPE OF ULAN

• Scope is from • Involved in the conception
or production of visual arts
Antiquity to the and architecture
present • May include artists,
architects, craftsmen, as
• Identified well as people and
individuals or corporate bodies closely
groups of related to artists,
including rulers,
individuals prominent patrons,
working together museums and other
repositories of art
(corporate bodies)

ULAN news and current development:

Adding nonwestern artists, current and historical, including
Chinese, Japanese, other Asian, Native American, and others
Adding contemporary artists, particularly those collected by
museums and special collections; artists noted in the Pacific
Standard Time exhibition

 Adding types of artists that are not currently in
ULAN, such as mail artists, interior design
artists, illustrators, calligraphers, etc.
 Adding names of repositories of art
 Ongoing processing of contributions: Witt Library
(Courtauld), architects and firms from Avery Index of
Architectural Periodicals, artists from the Provenance
Index, 10,000 repository records from VRA/IU project

Getty Thesaurus of
Geographic Names
TGN

Elements of a TGN record
names
Munich
München
place Monaco
7004333 Munichen

images © Munich Tourist Board, http://www.muenchen-tourist.de/

Elements of a TGN record
names parent place
Munich Germany place types
München Baveria inhabited place
place Monaco Oberbayern state capital
7004333 Munichen
dates
coordinates founded near an older
48 08 N, 011 35 E settlement in 1157

note
Capital of Bavaria and the third-largest city in
Germany; is situated on both sides of the Isar
River, north of the Alps. Henry the Lion, duke of
Bavaria, established it in 1157 as a mint and
market for Benedictine monks from Tegernsee ...

sources
Baedekers: München (1955); Cambridge Italian
Dictionary (1962); Canby, Historic Places (1984);
Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961); Enciclopedia
Europea (1978); Times Atlas of the World (1992); USBGN:
Foreign Gazetteers; Webster's Geographical Dictionary
(1988)

SCOPE OF TGN

• TGN places include • Real places, not
political entities and mythical
physical features
• May include formerly
• Scope is global, some inhabited
extraterrestrial places, historical places
• Includes all current with unknown exact
continents and nations locations ―lost
• Historical settlement‖
places, including nations • Focus on places
and empires important to art and
• Prehistory to the present material culture

TGN news and current development:

Updating the modern hierarchy of administrative
divisions (last done in 1998)
Adding archaeological sites, World Heritage Site
names, and other historical sites, focusing on
Asian, Pre-Columbian, Middle Eastern, and others
Building historical hierarchies for historical nations and
empires
Ongoing projects of processing
contributions, occasional Getty, first files from National
Geospacial Intelligence Agency (formerly NIMA;
includes non-domestic place names and coordinates)
have been preprocessed and loaded, including the file
for Italy

Art & Architecture
Thesaurus
AAT

Elements of an AAT record
names/terms
travertine
concept travertine marble
300011329 travertine stone
roachstone
lapis tiburtinus

Images from getty.edu

Elements of an AAT record
names/terms related concepts
travertine tufa
concept travertine marble onyx marble
300011329 travertine stone scope note
roachstone A dense, crystalline
lapis tiburtinus or microcrystalline
limestone that was
parent concept formed by the
Materials Hierarchy evaporation of river
......limestone or spring waters. It
...........sinter is named after Tivoli
...............travertine (Tibur in Latin)...

sources
Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture and Building (1902);
Roberts, Construction Industry Thesaurus (1976);
Brady and Clauser, Materials Handbook (1977);
Dictionary of Geological Terms (1984); Oxford English
Dictionary (1989); Encyclopaedia Britannica (1973)
Images from getty.edu

SCOPE OF AAT
 Scope is from  Concepts identified
prehistory to the by terms excluding
present proper names
 No geographic  Thus it can be described
limitations as containing
 Terms for concepts, information about
activities, and objects generic concepts (as
discussed within the opposed to proper
literature of the fields of nouns or names)
art, architecture,
decorative arts,  Must fit into the
archaeology, material hierarchies already
culture, art conservation, established in the AAT
archival materials, or
related topics

AAT news and current development:

Qualifier in the data structure: The editorial
system, VCS, has been upgraded to better
accommodate qualifiers in multilingual data
Previously had been only one qualifier per term
However, the same term may be appropriate for
multiple languages, while the qualifier for different
languages should be different (e.g., English:
gouache (paint), Spanish: gouache (pintura);
French: gouache (pientre))
Revised data structure = the Qualifier is repeating
for each term
Import XML formats, online Web contribution
forms, and licensed files have been updated to
accommodate the new structure


Keeping up to date with new media where technology
used in artwork is rapidly changing
Adding styles, work types, tools, and materials for
non-Western art, contemporary art, decorative arts, and
others
 Corporate body counterparts for building types
(e.g., museums (buildings), museums (institutions))
 Processing contributions
(Spanish, Italian, etc.), cleaning up non-synonyms
currently included as UFs in legacy records, adding
missing scope notes
 Advising and training re. Conservation Thesaurus
(a project of the Getty Conservation Institute)


Multilingual AAT terms:
Spanish from Centro de Documentación de Bienes Patrimoniales,
Chile; delivered and online
Chinese translation is underway by the TELDAP (Taiwan E-
Learning and Digital Archives Program
German translation is being undertaken by the Institut für
Museumsforschung in Berlin
Dutch translation from the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische
Documentatie ; RKD will also contribute to ULAN in calendar year
2011
Integration is underway for around 3,000 Italian object type terms
from ICCD, Rome
Full set of 3,000 French terms from CHIN has been fully
integrated

Cultural Objects
Name Authority
CONA

Elements of a CONA record
titles/names
Irises
Les Iris
Piante di iris
Die Irisse
Irysy
record is
Irissen
identified
with a
work persistent
800123
unique
numeric ID

image: c. j. paul getty museum

Elements of a CONA record
titles/names creator date
Irises Vincent van Gogh 1889
Les Iris (Dutch, 1853-1890) work type
Piante di iris painting
style
Die Irisse
Post Impressionist
Irysy subject
Irissen materials botanical
oil on canvas, applied nature
irises
with brush and palette regenerations
notes
work knife oil
This work was painted when 800123 measurements
the artist was recuperating 71 x 93 cm (28 x 36
from a severe attack of
mental illness; it depicts the 5/8 inches)
garden at the asylum at Saint
Rémy... current location
Paul Getty Museum (Los
sources Angeles, California, United States)
J. Paul Getty Museum. Handbook of the creation location
Collections. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Saint Rémy de Provence (Provence
Museum, 1991. Alpes Côte d'Azur, France)
image: c. j. paul getty museum

CONA Equivalence Relationships
Titles/Names:

Eiffel Tower
Preference: preferred
Tour Eiffel
Preference: alternate
Torre Eiffel
Eiffelturm
Three-Hundred-Meter Tower
Preference: alternate Title Type: former

Image: Encyclopedia Britannia online

CONA Equivalence Relationships
Titles/Names:

Eiffel Tower
Preference: preferred
Tour Eiffel
Torre Eiffel
Eiffelturm
Three-Hundred-Meter Tower
Preference: alternate Title Type: former

Titles and alternate titles to
refer to same work
Image: Encyclopedia Britannia online

CONA Hierarchical
Relationships

Catalog Level: component
Class: prints and drawings
Work Type: engraving
Title: Spring Flowers in a Chinese
Vase
Creator: Maria Sibylla Merian
(German, 1647-1717)
Creation Date: 1680
Medium: hand-colored engraving Measurements:
folio 32.6 x 21.3 cm (12 13/16 x 8 3/8 inches)
Subject: •still life •botanical •flowers •insects •tulips •iris
•vase •wasp •beetle
Current Location: Natural History Museum
(London, England)

images: Natural History Museum (London, England)

CONA Hierarchical Record
Relationships for the
print is
linked to
Catalog Level: component
Class: prints and drawings separate
Work Type: engraving record
Title: Spring Flowers in a Chinese for the
Vase book as a
Creator: Maria Sibylla Merian whole
(German, 1647-1717)
Creation Date: 1680
Medium: hand-colored engraving Measurements:
Relationship Type:
folio 32.6 x 21.3 cm (12 13/16 x 8 3/8 inches)
broader context
Subject: •still life •botanical •flowers •insects •tulips •iris
•vase •wasp •beetle
Related Work: New Book of
Current Location: Natural History Museum
(London, England)
Flowers. Nuremburg: 1680.
Relationship Number:
volume 3 plate 2

images: Natural History Museum (London, England)

CONA Hierarchical
Relationships

Whole/part
relationships for
groups, subgroups, it
ems

images: Library of Congress (Washington, DC); bookbinding.co.uk

CONA Hierarchical Relationships
Traveling Tea Service
Record Type: set
Class: decorative arts
Work Type: tea service silver
Title: Traveling tea service

Teapot
Creation Location: Paris (France)
Creation Dae: 1728/1729
Creator: probably by: Martin Berthe, master in 1712
Measurements:

Tea Caddy
Overall (Teapot): 10 x 16.8 x 10.3 cm (3 15/16 x 6 5/8 x 4 1/16 in.)
Overall (Tea Canister): 9 x 5.9 x 4.9 cm (3 9/16 x 2 5/16 x 1 15/16 in.)
Overall (Sugar bowl): 10 cm (3 15/16 in.)
Overall (Tea bowl and saucer): 4.9 cm (1 15/16 in.)

Japanese Imari Sugar Bowl and Cover
Overall (Scent flask): 13.7 cm (5 3/8 in.)
Overall (Spoons (each)): 11.7 cm (4 5/8 in.)
Overall (Box): 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.)
Materials: silver and ebonized wood; porcelain; glass; kingwood; rosewood

Chinese Famille- Verte Tea Bowl and Saucer
Inscriptions/Marks: Maker's Mark: a crowned fleur-de-lys, 2 grains, [M]B, a bunch of grapes ? (Dennis
50): Underside. Warden's Mark: 1728-29, a crowned M (Dennis 57): Underside. Charge Mark: 1727-
32, an A crowned on the side (Dennis 57): Underside, partially effaced. Discharge Mark: for medium-
sized work, 1727-32, a crowned martlet (Dennis 57): Underside. Countermark: 1727-32, a crowned bell

Silver-mounted Scent Flask
(Dennis 343): flange of lid.
Description: Traveling tea service consisting of a teapot; tea canister; suagrbowl; teabowl and saucer;
scent flask; two spoons; box.
Current Location: Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, Massachusetts);

Two Spoons
Elizabeth Parke Firestone and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. Collection, 1993; Accession number:
1993.520.1-8
Ownership History: By 1955, with Jean-Louis Bonnefoy, Au Vieux Paris, Paris; November 1955, sold by
Au Vieux Paris to Elizabeth Parke Firestone (1897-1990) and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. (1898-

Wooden Box
1973), Akron, OH and Newport, RI; 1993; gift of the Estate of Elizabeth Parke Firestone and Harvey S.
Firestone, Jr. (Accession date: May 26, 1993)

Image: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. www.mfa.org

CONA Hierarchical Relationships
Traveling Tea Service
Record Type: set
Class: decorative arts
Work Type: tea service silver
Title: Traveling tea service

Teapot
Creation Location: Paris (France)
Creation Dae: 1728/1729
Creator: probably by: Martin Berthe, master in 1712
Measurements:

Tea Caddy
Overall (Teapot): 10 x 16.8 x 10.3 cm (3 15/16 x 6 5/8 x 4 1/16 in.)
Overall (Tea Canister): 9 x 5.9 x 4.9 cm (3 9/16 x 2 5/16 x 1 15/16 in.)
Overall (Sugar bowl): 10 cm (3 15/16 in.)
Overall (Tea bowl and saucer): 4.9 cm (1 15/16 in.)

Japanese Imari Sugar Bowl and Cover
Overall (Scent flask): 13.7 cm (5 3/8 in.)
Overall (Spoons (each)): 11.7 cm (4 5/8 in.)
Overall (Box): 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.)
Materials: silver and ebonized wood; porcelain; glass; kingwood; rosewood

Chinese Famille- Verte Tea Bowl and Saucer
Inscriptions/Marks: Maker's Mark: a crowned fleur-de-lys, 2 grains, [M]B, a bunch of grapes ? (Dennis
50): Underside. Warden's Mark: 1728-29, a crowned M (Dennis 57): Underside. Charge Mark: 1727-
32, an A crowned on the side (Dennis 57): Underside, partially effaced. Discharge Mark: for medium-
sized work, 1727-32, a crowned martlet (Dennis 57): Underside. Countermark: 1727-32, a crowned bell

Silver-mounted Scent Flask
(Dennis 343): flange of lid.
Description: Traveling tea service consisting of a teapot; tea canister; suagrbowl; teabowl and saucer;
scent flask; two spoons; box.
Current Location: Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, Massachusetts);

Two Spoons
Elizabeth Parke Firestone and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. Collection, 1993; Accession number:
1993.520.1-8
Ownership History: By 1955, with Jean-Louis Bonnefoy, Au Vieux Paris, Paris; November 1955, sold by
Au Vieux Paris to Elizabeth Parke Firestone (1897-1990) and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. (1898-

Wooden Box
1973), Akron, OH and Newport, RI; 1993; gift of the Estate of Elizabeth Parke Firestone and Harvey S.
Firestone, Jr. (Accession date: May 26, 1993)

 Whole/Part Records for
a set
 Displayed as a
hierarchy, relationships
indicated with indentation

Image: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. www.mfa.org

Images: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA) ID:JP1847

Cat. Level[controlled]: series  Class. [controlled]: prints
*Work Type [link to authority]: color woodcuts
*Title : Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First Series
Alternate Title: First Series: Mt. Fuji Views
*Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760–1849); Published
by Eijudo Japan
*Role [controlled]: painter [link]: Hokusai, Katsushika Role: [cont.]
publisher [link]: Eijudo Japan
*Creation Date 1827-1837 [controlled]:  Earliest: 1827  Latest: 1837
*Subject [links] Mount Fuji ocean genre scenes meisho-e
*Current Location [link to authority]: not applicable
Style: Edo
*Measurements: 36 prints, average plate size: 24 x 37 cm
[cont.] Extent: items Value: 36 Unit: N/A Type: count
Qualifier: average dimensions Extent: plate mark Value: 24 Unit: cm
Type: height Value: 37 Unit: cm Type: width
*Materials and Techniques: woodcuts, polychrome ink and color on paper
[link] ink color (pigment) paper woodcuts
Description: Hokusai produced two series of Views of Mt. Fuji. This is the
first series. Cat. Level [controlled]: item  Class .[controlled]: prints and drawings Asian art
 *Work Type [link]:  color woodcut
 *Title: Great Wave at Kanagawa
Title: In the Hollow of a Wave off the Coast at Kanagawa Title Type: alternate
 *Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo
(Japanese, 19th century)
*Role [link]: printmaker [link]: Hokusai, Katsushika
*Role [link]: publisher [link]: Nishimura Eijudo
 *Creation Date: ca. 1831/1833 [controlled]:  Earliest: 1828  Latest: 1836
 *Subject [links]: seascape wave fishermen boat Mount Fuji (Chubu, Japan) Kanagawa
(Kanto, Japan)
 Style [link]: Edo
 Culture [link]: Japanese
 *Current Location [link]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA) ID:JP1847
 *Measurements: 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10 1/8 x 14 15/16 inches)
[controlled]: Value: 25.7 Unit: cm Type: height | Value: 37.9 Unit: cm Type: width
 *Materials and Techniques: woodcut, polychrome ink and color on paper
Material [links]:  polychrome ink paper  color (pigment) Technique [links]:  woodcut
 Description: The large wave dominates the scene, with the small mountain in the background. It is said to
have inspired said to have inspired both Debussy's "La Mer" and Rilke's "Der Berg."
 Relationship:
Relationship Type: part of
Qualifier: 1st in series
[link to Work]: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First Series;
1827-1837

Images: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA) ID:JP1847

Cat. Level[controlled]: series  Class. [controlled]: prints
*Work Type [link to authority]: color woodcuts
*Title : Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First Series
Alternate Title: First Series: Mt. Fuji Views
*Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760–1849); Published
by Eijudo Japan
*Role [controlled]: painter [link]: Hokusai, Katsushika Role: [cont.]
publisher [link]: Eijudo Japan
*Creation Date 1827-1837 [controlled]:  Earliest: 1827  Latest: 1837
*Subject [links] Mount Fuji ocean genre scenes meisho-e
*Current Location [link to authority]: not applicable
Style: Edo
*Measurements: 36 prints, average plate size: 24 x 37 cm
[cont.] Extent: items Value: 36 Unit: N/A Type: count
Qualifier: average dimensions Extent: plate mark Value: 24 Unit: cm
Type: height Value: 37 Unit: cm Type: width
*Materials and Techniques: woodcuts, polychrome ink and color on paper
[link] ink color (pigment) paper woodcuts
Description: Hokusai produced two series of Views of Mt. Fuji. This is the
first series. Cat. Level [controlled]: item  Class .[controlled]: prints and drawings Asian art
 *Work Type [link]:  color woodcut
 *Title: Great Wave at Kanagawa
Title: In the Hollow of a Wave off the Coast at Kanagawa Title Type: alternate
 *Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo
(Japanese, 19th century)
*Role [link]: printmaker [link]: Hokusai, Katsushika
*Role [link]: publisher [link]: Nishimura Eijudo
 *Creation Date: ca. 1831/1833 [controlled]:  Earliest: 1828  Latest: 1836
 *Subject [links]: seascape wave fishermen boat Mount Fuji (Chubu, Japan) Kanagawa
(Kanto, Japan)
 Style [link]: Edo
 Culture [link]: Japanese
 *Current Location [link]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA) ID:JP1847
 *Measurements: 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10 1/8 x 14 15/16 inches)
[controlled]: Value: 25.7 Unit: cm Type: height | Value: 37.9 Unit: cm Type: width
 *Materials and Techniques: woodcut, polychrome ink and color on paper
Material [links]:  polychrome ink paper  color (pigment) Technique [links]:  woodcut
 Description: The large wave dominates the scene, with the small mountain in the background. It is said to
 Whole/Part Records have inspired said to have inspired both Debussy's "La Mer" and Rilke's "Der Berg."
 Relationship:

for a series and a part
Relationship Type: part of
Qualifier: 1st in series
[link to Work]: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First Series;
1827-1837

CONA Associative Relationships are
reciprocal
Relationships

study for

study is

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres; Study for the Dress and the
Hands of Madame Moitessier; 1851; graphite on tracing
paper, squared in black chalk; 13 15/16 x 6 5/8 inches; J. Paul
Getty Museum (Los Angeles, California); 91.GG.79
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres; Madame Moitessier; 1851; Samuel H. Kress
Collection, National Gallery of Art (Washington, DC); 1946.7.18

 One work may be depicted 2009 J. Paul Getty Trust
©
in
another
work, e.g., architectural
drawing, etc.
 E.g., record for photo as work
of art linked to the
architectural built work
Cat.Level[cont.]: item Class [cont.:architecture
*Obj./Work Type : observation tower
*Title/Name: Eiffel Tower
Alternate Title/Name: Tour Eiffel
Former Title/Name: Three-Hundred-Metre Tower
*Creator Display: architect: Gustave Eiffel (French, 1832-
1923)
*Role [cont.] : architect  [link]: Eiffel, Gustave
*Creation Date *: 1887 to 1889
[controlled]:  Start: 1887  End: 1889
*Subject [link to authorities]:  industrial exposition
International Exposition of 1889
*Current Location [link]: Paris (France)
*Measurements: height: 300 m (984 feet)
[controlled] Value: 300 Unit: m Type: height
*Materials and Techniques: wrought iron, exposed iron
construction
[link to Concept Authority]:  wrought iron structural iron
exposed construction
Style [link]: Belle Époque
Description: Commission was awarded by competition; the
competition sought a plan for a monument for the International
Exposition of 1889, celebrating the centenary of the French
Revolution. The tower is built almost entirely of open-lattice
wrought iron. It was the entrance gateway to the exposition.

image: Getty Research Institute

©
in
another work, e.g.,
architectural drawing, etc.
 E.g., record for photo as work
of art linked to the
architectural built work

Cat.Level[cont.]: item Class [cont.:photograph
*Obj./Work Type: albumen print *Obj./Work Type : observation tower
*Title/Name: The Eiffel Tower: State of the Construction
*Creator Display: photographer: Louis-Emile Durandelle *Title/Name: Eiffel Tower
(French, 1832-1923) Alternate Title/Name: Tour Eiffel
*Role [cont.] : photographer  [link]: Durandelle, Louis-Emile Former Title/Name: Three-Hundred-Metre Tower
*Creation Date *: photographed 23 November 1888 *Creator Display: architect: Gustave Eiffel (French, 1832-
*Subject [link to authorities]:  Eiffel Tower 1923)
Related Works [link to work record]: depicts *Role [cont.] : architect  [link]: Eiffel, Gustave
Relationship Type: depicts *Creation Date *: 1887 to 1889
[link to work record]: Eiffel Tower
*Current Location [link]: J. Paul Getty Museum (Los
Angeles, California, USA); 87.XM.121.16
*Measurements: 17 x 13 3/4 inches
[controlled] Value: 17 Unit: in Type: height
Value: 13.75 Unit: in Type: width
depicted *Measurements: height: 300 m (984 feet)
*Materials and Techniques [link to Concept Authority]:
albumin print
in construction
Style [link]: Belle Époque exposed construction
Description: This view was made about four months short Style [link]: Belle Époque
of the tower's completion. Louis-Émile Durandelle Description: Commission was awarded by competition; the
photographed the tower from a low vantage point to competition sought a plan for a monument for the International
emphasize its monumentality. The massive building barely Exposition of 1889, celebrating the centenary of the French
visible in the far distance is dwarfed under the tower's
arches...
Source: Getty Museum, Collections [online] (2000-)


©
in
• The other work may be both
another work, e.g.,
a Related Work and the
architectural drawing, etc.
Subject
 E.g., record for photo as work • e.g., when contributor of
of art linked to the photo record does not have a
architectural built work full catalog record for the
architecture
Cat.Level[cont.]: item Class [cont.:photograph
*Obj./Work Type: albumen print *Obj./Work Type : observation tower
*Title/Name: The Eiffel Tower: State of the Construction
*Creator Display: photographer: Louis-Emile Durandelle *Title/Name: Eiffel Tower
(French, 1832-1923) Alternate Title/Name: Tour Eiffel
*Role [cont.] : photographer  [link]: Durandelle, Louis-Emile Former Title/Name: Three-Hundred-Metre Tower
*Creation Date *: photographed 23 November 1888 *Creator Display: architect: Gustave Eiffel (French, 1832-
*Subject [link to authorities]:  Eiffel Tower 1923)
Related Works [link to work record]: depicts *Role [cont.] : architect  [link]: Eiffel, Gustave
Relationship Type: depicts *Creation Date *: 1887 to 1889
[link to work record]: Eiffel Tower
*Current Location [link]: J. Paul Getty Museum (Los
Angeles, California, USA); 87.XM.121.16
*Measurements: 17 x 13 3/4 inches
[controlled] Value: 17 Unit: in Type: height
Value: 13.75 Unit: in Type: width
depicted *Measurements: height: 300 m (984 feet)
*Materials and Techniques [link to Concept Authority]:
albumin print
in construction
Style [link]: Belle Époque exposed construction
Description: This view was made about four months short Style [link]: Belle Époque
of the tower's completion. Louis-Émile Durandelle Description: Commission was awarded by competition; the
photographed the tower from a low vantage point to competition sought a plan for a monument for the International
emphasize its monumentality. The massive building barely Exposition of 1889, celebrating the centenary of the French
visible in the far distance is dwarfed under the tower's
arches...
Source: Getty Museum, Collections [online] (2000-)


• CONA is an authority that provides a unique numeric ID for
works, variant names/titles, and other information
• Retrieval with CONA would allow users to retrieve ALL
pertinent results with one search

Hagia Sophia
Church of the Holy Wisdom
Ayasofya
Agia Sofia
Agia Sophia
Haghia Sophia
Sancta Sophia
Sancta Sapientia
Saint Sophia
St. Sophia
Αγία Σοφία

• Multiple
titles/names
refer to the same
work

images: wikipedia; encyclopedia britannica online; greatbuildings.com

Cultural Objects Name Authority CONA

Catalog level: item
Names/Titles:
Great Wave at Kanagawa
Pref: preferred Type: repository
In the Hollow of a Wave off the
Coast at Kanagawa
Pref: alternate
La Vague Language: French
© Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Die große Welle
Language: German
Kanagawa oki nami ura Language:
Japanese transliterated

Language: Japanese


Current Location: Metropolitan Museum of
Art (New York, New York, USA)
Location type: corporate body
Repository ID: JP1847
Credit Line: H. O. Havemeyer Collection,
Bequest of Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929
Display Creator: Katsushika Hokusai
(Japanese, 1760-1849); published
© Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York by Nishimura Eijudo (Japanese,
19th century)
Related People/Corporate Bodies:
Hokusai, Katsushika Role: printmaker
Nishimura Eijudo Role: publisher


Display Creation Date: ca. 1831/1833
Start: 1828  End: 1836
Classification: prints
Object/Work Type:
color woodcut
Technique/Medium display:
woodcut, polychrome ink and
© Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York color on paper

Material:  polychrome ink paper 
color (pigment)
Technique:  woodcut
Measurements display: 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10
1/8 x 14 15/16 inches)
Value: 25.7 Unit: cm Type: height
Value: 37.9 Unit: cm Type: width


Inscription: transliterated
signature: Hokusai aratame
Iitsu hitsu
Depicted Subject:
general: seascape
specific: wave fishermen boat
Mount Fuji (Chubu, Japan)
© Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Kanagawa (Kanto, Japan)

Style: Edo Culture:


Descriptive Note: The large wave
dominates the scene, with the small
mountain in the background. It is said to
have inspired said to have inspired both
Debussy's "La Mer" and Rilke's "Der
Berg“…
Related Works:
Sources: Metropolitan Museum of Art online
© Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
(2001-) Page: accessed 10 June 2010
Broader Context:
Movable Works
Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-
1849); Thirty-six Views of Mount
Fuji: First Series; 1827-1837

Growth of CONA will rely upon contributions from
the user community: Getty vocabularies are
―social‖ yet ―authoritative,‖ authoritative, but not
―authoritarian‖—so-called preferred terms are for
display and collocation only—not prescriptive.
Contributions may be made in bulk
or one record at a time via an online contribution
form

CONA news and current development:

Production system is currently in alpha
testing phase
Editorial manuals now available on line
Contributions will be accepted beginning in
2011
CONA will be available online, with limited
data, in 2012
When critical mass is available through
contributions, licensing options will be
announced

Multilinguality and
Translation Issues

The vocabulary databases are increasingly
multilingual
The Getty Vocabularies are not fully multilingual, due to
issues of complexity; however Terms/Names/Titles and
Descriptive/Scope Notes are repeatable in multiple languages

 TGN and ULAN have many thousands of non-English
names, although the languages are not flagged and thus
cannot be counted

 AAT: Of the total ca. 200,000 total terms in AAT, 70,000 are
not American English: 50,000 are Spanish; 6,000 are
French; 6,000 are Italian; 3,000 are British English; 1,600
are German; etc. (these are total records, including
candidates not published)

Languages in ULAN
Giambologna (preferred, display, Italian-P)
Bologna, Giovanni (Italian)
Giovanni Bologna (Italian)
Giovanni da Bologna (Italian)
Bologne, Jean de (French)
Jean de Bologne (French)
Boulogne, Jean (French)
Gian Bologna (Italian)

portrait: "Portrait of Giovanni Bologna" by Hendrick Goltzius, image from Bridgeman
Art Gallery ; sculpture: Female Figure, marble, 1571 - 1573
; 45 1/4 in.; J. Paul Getty Museum, 2.SA.37, image http://www.getty.edu

Languages in ULAN
Giambologna (preferred, display, Italian-P)
Bologna, Giovanni (Italian)
Giovanni Bologna (Italian) Artists who were
known by multiple
Giovanni da Bologna (Italian) names in their
lifetime; married
Bologne, Jean de (French) names
Jean de Bologne (French)
Boulogne, Jean (French)
Gian Bologna (Italian)

portrait: "Portrait of Giovanni Bologna" by Hendrick Goltzius, image from Bridgeman
Art Gallery ; sculpture: Female Figure, marble, 1571 - 1573
; 45 1/4 in.; J. Paul Getty Museum, 2.SA.37, image http://www.getty.edu

Corporate Bodies
Ethnological Museum (preferred, English-P)
Ethnologisches Museum (German-P)
Ethnographische Sammlung (historical, German)
Ethnographic Collection (historical, English)
.... name used from 1829
Cabinet of Art and Rarities (historical, English)
Kunst- und Raritätenkabinett (historical, German)
Ethnological
Museum,
Language often more pertinent with Berlin
corporate bodies than people
since corporate body names are often
translated in published sources (while
people‘s names rarely are)

Various transliterations

Dai Xi (preferred, display)
Dai, Xi (LC)  Transliterated
Dài Xī (Chinese, transliterated names
Pinyin)
 Preferred name is
Tai Hsi (Chinese, transliterated Wade- in the Roman
Giles)
alphabet
Chunshi (sobriquet)
 Transliterated
Yu'an (sobriquet) using ISO
戴熙 (Chinese) standard, if
possible

Dai Xi ; Landscape; sold at auction 28 November 2005. Admiring the waterfall
(w/frontispiece & annotations); 1847; Sale Of Sotheby's Hong Kong: Monday,
April 28, 2003 Images from ArtNet online.

Various transliterations, diacritics

Shishkin, Ivan (preferred, index, LC)
Ivan Shishkin (display)
Šiškin, Ivan Ivanovič
Chichkin, Ivan Ivanovitch
Schischkin, Iwan Iwanowitsch
Иван Иванович Шишкин

Ivan Shishkin; Sun-Lit Pines; 1886; oil on canvas; 102 x 70.2 cm (40 1/16 x 27 5/8
inches); Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow, Russia).. Image neneamircea.weblog.ro

Translations

Kicking Bear (preferred, English-P)
Mato Wanartaka (Native American language)

Portrait: Image from Wikipedia; Battle of Little Big Horn, ca. 1898 Watercolor on muslin2 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft. 10 in. frame included) The Southwest
Museum (Los Angeles, California)

Translations

Kicking Bear (preferred, English-P)
 Common translations
are important
Mato Wanartaka (Native Americanvariants
language)
 ―coined‖ terms or
names are not
allowed
 translation must be
found in published
source

Portrait: Image from Wikipedia; Battle of Little Big Horn, ca. 1898 Watercolor on muslin2 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft. 10 in. frame included) The Southwest
Museum (Los Angeles, California)

Married name
Common misspelling
O'Keeffe, Georgia
Georgia O'Keeffe
O'Keefe, Georgia
Stieglitz, Alfred, Mrs.

Georgia O'Keefe; Ram's Skull With Brown Leaves; Roswell Museum and Art Center; Roswell, New Mexico from:
http://www.roswellmuseum.org/

Married name
Common misspelling
O'Keeffe, Georgia
Georgia O'Keeffe
O'Keefe, Georgia
Stieglitz, Alfred, Mrs.
 published misspellings
added to vocabulary
 but anticipated end-user
misspellings can be
accommodated on retrieval

Georgia O'Keefe; Ram's Skull With Brown Leaves; Roswell Museum and Art Center; Roswell, New Mexico from:
http://www.roswellmuseum.org/

Former names, ―incorrect‖ names
 Names for 14th-century Sienese painter
 Include spelling variations, former names
(e.g., appellations used when the artist
was anonymous)

Bulgarini, Bartolomeo
Bartolomeo Bolgarini
Bartolomeo Bolghini
Bartolomeo Bulgarini
Bartolommeo Bulgarini da Siena
Maestro d'Ovile
Master of the Ovile Madonna
Ovile Master
Lorenzetti, Ugolino
Ugolino Lorenzetti

Former names, ―incorrect‖ names
 Names for 14th-century Sienese painter
 Include spelling variations, former names
(e.g., appellations used when the artist
was anonymous)

But do NOT include in same record unless it is
Bulgarini, Bartolomeo sources that they
generally agreed in scholarly
Bartolomeo Bolgariniuncertain, link as
are the same person. If
Related People.
Bartolomeo Bolghini
Bartolomeo Bulgarini
Bartolommeo Bulgarini da Siena
Maestro d'Ovile
Master of the Ovile Madonna
Ovile Master
Lorenzetti, Ugolino
Ugolino Lorenzetti

Languages in TGN
Firenze (preferred, vernacular, Italian-preferred)
Florence (English-preferred)
Florencia (Spanish-preferred)
Florenz (German-preferred)
Fiorenza (historical, Italian) Medieval
Florentia (historical, Latin) name of Roman colony on N bank of Arno
Florentine (adjectival, English)

Coat of Arms of Florence, floor mosaic, Medici Chaple, Florence
image from Ediz. Giusti di S. Becoci, Firenze; view photo by Patricia Harpring

Languages in TGN  Variant names in
other languages
for archaeological
Pascua, Isla de (preferred,Spanish-P) and historical
sites
Isla de Pascua (Spanish, display name)  Preferred forms in
English and other
Rapa Nui (Rapa Nui-P) languages may be
Rapanui (Rapa Nui) flagged

Easter Island (English-P)

image: zengomob.com

Transliterations, diacritics

Tōkyō (preferred,C,V) ............ after
replacing Kyōto as Imperial
capital, 1868
Tokyo (C,V,English-P,U,N)
東京 (C,V,Japanese-P,V,N)
Tokio (H,O,English,U,N) ............
obsolete spelling
Edo (H,V) ............ during Tokugawa
Shogunate begining 1603
Yeddo (H,V)
Yedo (H,V)

Languages in CONA

Hagia Sophia (preferred, English-P, Greek transliterated-P)
Holy Wisdom (English, translated)
Ἁγία Σοφία (Greek-P)
Ayasofya (Turkish)
Santa Sofia
Agia Sofia
Sancta Sophia (Latin)
Megale Ecclesia

Title/names in CONA may
be flagged in various
languages
―translated‖ is a Title Type

Photo by Yetsuh Frank. © Yetsuh Frank; from http://www.byzantium1200.org/hagia.html

Languages in AAT
Current situation:

 AAT is in the Roman alphabet

 Base language is English

 Terms and Scope Notes may be
represented in other languages

 Displayed and published in Unicode

English descriptors
color proofs (preferred, descriptor, American

Atlanta Trial Color Proofs: Lincoln Ninety Cents 1869. Museum of United States Essays and Proofs. http://www.essayproof.net/museum/wings/ps/atlanta.html
English-P)
color proof (alternate descriptor, American
English)
colour proofs (descriptor, British English-P)
colour proof (alternate descriptor, British
English)
flat proofs (used for)
proofs, color (used for)

English descriptors
color proofs (preferred, descriptor, American

Atlanta Trial Color Proofs: Lincoln Ninety Cents 1869. Museum of United States Essays and Proofs. http://www.essayproof.net/museum/wings/ps/atlanta.html
English-P)
color proof (alternate descriptor, American
English)
colour proofs (descriptor, British English-P)
colour proof (alternate descriptor, British
English)
flat proofs (used for)
proofs, color (used for)
 English is preferred term, descriptor
 There are separate American English
and British English descriptors if
spelling is different

Terms in other languages
still lifes (preferred, C,U,D, English-P)
still life (C,U,AD, English)
still-lifes (C,U,UF, English)
still lives (C,U,UF, English)
nature morte (C,U,D,French-P) ... used
from the mid-18th century
natura morta (C,U,D,Italian-P)
stilleven (C,U,D,Dutch-P) ... in use from
ca. 1650
Stilleben (C,U,D,German-P)
naturaleza muerta (C,U,D,Spanish-P)
nature reposée (H,U,UF,French) ...
early 18th-century French term

Still Life with Apples, Paul Cézanne; French, 1893 - 1894; Oil on canvas; 25 3/4 x 32 1/8 in.; J. Paul Getty Museum (Los
Angeles, California); 96.PA.8

Terms in other languages
still lifes (preferred, C,U,D, English-P)
still life (C,U,AD, English)
still-lifes (C,U,UF, English)
still lives (C,U,UF, English)
nature morte (C,U,D,French-P) ... used
from the mid-18th century
natura morta (C,U,D,Italian-P)
stilleven (C,U,D,Dutch-P) ... in use from
ca. 1650
Stilleben (C,U,D,German-P)
naturaleza muerta (C,U,D,Spanish-P)
nature reposée (H,U,UF,French) ...
early 18th-century French term  AAT includes terms in other
languages
 Follows capitalization rules of
that language

Still Life with Apples, Paul Cézanne; French, 1893 - 1894; Oil on canvas; 25 3/4 x 32 1/8 in.; J. Paul Getty Museum (Los
Angeles, California); 96.PA.8

Various transliterations
chi wara (preferred)
chi-wara
chiwara
ciwara
tyi wara
tyiwara
sogoni koun
 Include variant
transliterations
 We use sources where
terms are already Bamana Headdresses; Bamana peoples; chi wara; wood, iron, fiber; 20th
cen.; heights: 55.2 cm and 59.1 cm; National Museum of African Art, gift of
transliterated Dr. Ernst Anspach and museum purchase

 Prefer ISO transliteration

The Getty Vocabularies and VIAF

 The GRI was invited by the Library of
Congress to join the project, and officially
became a member in March 2010. Our
artists‘ names (ULAN®) records are now
part of the VIAF file.
 The GRI‘s next contribution to VIAF will be
Thesaurus of Geographic Names® (TGN)
data.

The Getty Vocabularies as Linked Data

 Our XML schema is more complex, but maps
well to SKOS.
 Semantic ―links‖
(e.g., hierarchical, equivalence, associative
relationships, links to sources, etc.) are already
embedded in our data.
 We are currently exploring expression and
dissemination of our data as SKOS/linked data.
Input and requirements from user communities
(e.g., ARTstor, CIDOC/LIDO working group, et
al.) will be crucial.

Murtha Baca
Head, Digital Art History
Access,Getty Research
Institute (GRI)

mbaca@getty.edu

Using Authority Data to Enhance the Semantic Web

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