XML

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3. XML
Zabeeb Anwar
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nwar
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4. XML
• eXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a meta markup language for text
documents / textual data.
• XML allows to define languages (applications)
to represent text documents / textual data

5. XML EXAMPLE
<article>
<author>Gerhard Weikum</author>
<title>The Web in 10 Years</title>
</article>
• Easy to understand for human users
• Very expressive (semantics along with the data)
• Well structured, easy to read and write from programs

6. THIS IS ALSO XML
<data>
ch37fhgks73j5mv9d63h5mgfkds8d984lgnsmcns983
</data>
• Impossible to understand for human users
• Not expressive (no semantics along with the data)
• Unstructured, read and write only with special programs

7. • The actual benefit of using XML highly
depends on the design of the application.

8. Quick Comparison
XML
uses tags and attributes
HTML
uses tags and attributes
- content and formatting can - content and format are
be placed together separate; formatting is
<p><font=”Arial”>text</font> contained in a stylesheet
- tags and attributes are pre- - allows user to specify what
determined and rigid each tag and attribute
means

9. XML schema
• The purpose of an XML Schema is to define the legal building
blocks of an XML document, just like a DTD.
• An XML Schema:
– defines elements that can appear in a document
– defines attributes that can appear in a document
– defines which elements are child elements
– defines the order of child elements
– defines the number of child elements
– Etc.

10. XML Documents Form a Tree Structure
• XML documents must contain a root element.
This element is "the parent" of all other
elements.
• The elements in an XML document form a
document tree. The tree starts at the root and
branches to the lowest level of the tree.

11. XML Syntax Rules
• All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag
• XML Tags are Case Sensitive
• XML Elements Must be Properly Nested
• XML Documents Must Have a Root Element
• XML Attribute Values Must be Quoted
• White-space is Preserved in XML

12. • What is a parser?
– A program that analyses the grammatical
structure of an input, with respect to a given
formal grammar

13. • <article>
<author>Gerhard Weikum</author>
<title>The Web in 10 Years</title>
</article>
Easy to understand for human users
Very expressive (semantics along with the
data) Well structured, easy to read and write
from programs

14. What is a XML Parser?
• It is a software library (or a package) that
provides methods (or interfaces) for client
applications to work with XML documents
• It checks the well-formattedness
• It may validate the documents
• It does a lot of other detailed things so that a
client is shielded from that complexities

15. • We will consider two parsing methods
SAX = Simple API for XML
DOM = Document Object Model

16. SAX
• XML is read sequentially
• When a parsing event happens, the parser
invokes the corresponding method of the
corresponding handler

17. DOM
• Parser creates a tree object out of the
document
• User accesses data by traversing the tree
– The tree and its traversal conform to a W3C
standard
• The API allows for constructing, accessing and
manipulating the structure and content of
XML documents

18. Glade XML Structure
• It represents an `instantiation' of an XML interface
description. When object is created, the XML file is read, and
the interface is created.
• The GladeXML object then provides an interface for accessing
the widgets in the interface by the names assigned to them
inside the XML description.
• The GladeXML object can also be used to connect handlers to
the named signals in the description.
• Libglade provides an interface by which it can look up the
signal handler names in the program's symbol table and
automatically connect as many handlers up as it can.

19. GladeXML
Object Hierarchy
GObject +----
GladeXML
typedef struct {
GObject parent;
char *filename; }
GladeXML;

20. GladeXMLClass
typedef struct
{
GObjectClass parent_class;
/* Virtual function: gets the appropriate gtype for
the typename.*/
GType (* lookup_type) (GladeXML*self, const char
*gtypename);
} GladeXMLClass;

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