This document contains the agenda and slides for a presentation on various cybersecurity topics including intelligence gathering, social engineering, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and laser-guided munitions. The presentation discusses how threats are moving past networks to target people directly, and covers topics like profiling companies and individuals to gain information. It also details how UAVs like the Predator and Reaper work, and how laser guidance systems can be detected or manipulated with replay attacks. The document stresses responsible disclosure of vulnerabilities over criminal use of information.

2. AGENDA
 Whoami blah
 Paterva blah blah
Always wanted to do a talk on fun stuff
1. It’s a security con ?
 blah
2. UAVs, laser guided munitions
 The fun stuff
3. EXCLUSIVE – hold the press !!
 (South African) Facebook zero day !

3. INTELLIGENCE / INFO GATHERING
 Why do you ‘hack’?
 Information
 Control…leads to information
 Controls are getting harder to break
 In proper assessment, 80-90% of time is spent on
intelligence gathering.
 Intelligence gathering is also
 A port scan
 A Nessus scan…
 ..because we learn more about our target

4. YOU ARE PART OF THE STACK!
 Threats are moving up the stack
 Network -> OS -> Application - - -> Person
Understand the graph – volume and frequency

5. PEOPLE, SOCIAL ENGINEERING AND MALWARE
 Everyone is talking malware….
 Malware -> attacking the workstation
 Server in a server room vs. workstation with a person behind it
 For conventional malware traditional network mapping is
worthless
 Focus in the past: find the server and perimeter (infrastructure
foot print)
 Thinking needs to be updated
 Now – person / company profiling -> the new foot print

6. HACKERS VS. CRIMINALS
 Commercializing vulnerabilities

7. MAKING ZA STRONGER
Don’t hack ... but if you really have to:
 Have good/right intentions -> !criminal
 Never ever use what you found
 Don’t give SAP a reason to go look for you...
 Mail your findings so that they can learn/fix
 ..not from your work - duh...
 Development is NOT easy, and they are not idiots!
 Treat with respect – ‘jy is volgende vettie!’
 Don’t disrupt / destroy / delete anything
 (even if they gave you bad service)
 ‘Insider knowledge’ does not count...
 You are just an ass
 Don’t share outside of SA
 Sanitize and share the knowledge/tech – locally
 Don’t be a doos at international cons....
Slammer ‘secured’ more networks in a day than all the security consultants in a year
Change only happens at the point of extinction
Strongest piece of metal is at the breaking point
A chain is as strong as it’s weakest member

8. UAVS
 UAV == Unmanned aerial vehicle
 Think back to your model airplane
 Let’s put a camera in there !
 Let’s put a BB gun in there !
 Let’s put a Hellfire missile in there !!
 Different sizes
 Fixed wing / rotary
 Electrical / Fuel powered
 Used to be for recon, now also armed

9. UAVS

10. UAVS
 Different altitudes
 60k feet / 18km++ (Zephyr)
 100 feet (hand launched)
 747 flies at around 32-40k feet
 Speed (max)
 747 flies at around 900 km/h
 Predator MQ1 – 217 km/h
 Avenger, Global Hawk 750 km/h
 Prop vs. jet
 Flying time
 Up to 82 hours ... Typical 30h ish

11. UAVS
 Initial
idea 1980s, serious thought in 1990s
 Driving force behind it  CIA
 CIA pilots
 Most known / successful = General Atomic
 Predator - Series A
 1995
 RQ / MQ
 Reaper - Series B
 MQ9
 2002
 Avenger - Series C
 Announced 2009

12. UAVS - PREDATOR

13. UAVS - REAPER

14. UAVS - AVENGER

15. UAVS – AVENGER SPECS
 Jet engine
 Speed – 740 km/h
 Fly time – 20h
 Altitude – 60k feet / 18km
 Stealth - internal weapons bay, shape, materials,
exhaust
 RADAR / Optics / Targeting
 Payload – 1.3 tons of Hellfire / Paveway II/ JDAM

16. UAVS – COMMAND & CONTROL
 Line of sight – C band (4 – 8 GHz)
 Satellite – Ku band (11 – 15 GHz)
 Can be routed over commercial sats. NBC - 1983
 3 crew members
 Pilot
 Flying - looking through a straw
 2 x sensor guys
 Difference in two scans :
 Tire tracks, movement

17. CAPTURING UAVS
 If
communications dies it flies home
 Self destruct ?

18. FOOTAGE

19. MATCHING WAR PORN TO GOOGLE EARTH
EARTH

20. UAVS – PROBLEMS
 Not a lot – it seems to kind of work well..
 Ku band sucks in heavy weather
 Pray for rain
 Lag of up to two seconds
 Like playing CS/CoD over a link made of wet towels and
barbed wire
 No dog fights!
 Thus– send in the UAVs once air dominance has
been established

21. SO, WE’RE PRETTY MUCH ...

22. LET’S JUST HIDE
 Optics, infra red, RADAR
 Conceal, underground
 Rapid change in environment?
 The Chinese vs. American spy sat story
 Uhmm...next...
 Weapons
 Bombs, missiles
 LASER guided
So...it becomes a game of defending against laser guided
munitions

23. HOW LASER GUIDED MUNITIONS WORK
 Understand a little about light
 Light storage system == FAIL
 Terminology
 Seeker = the bomb/missile
 Designator = guy / plane with the laser
 ‘Painting’ the target
 Invisible laser == you won’t see it..
 Bomb vs. missile
 28km,60km (spice) radius

24. PAINTING THE TARGET

25. LASER ON!

26. ENCODING
 But - there could be multiple targets and multiple
munitions
 Seeker needs to know where it should go
 Thus – must be able to distinguish designators
 This is done by pulsing the laser
 Fast
 Very fast
 You won’t see it’s pulsing ... either.
 Encoding
 PIM – Pulse Interval Module
 PRF – Pulse Repetition Frequency

27. PIM

28. PRF / PIM
 Missiles are pre-programmed, or programmed on
the fly.
 PRF code is 3 digits.
 Does this make sense?
 Everyone should now be thinking...brute force
 But just hang on..
 Testing it:

29. BTW - HOW DOES IT GET TO THE
MUNITIONS?
 Open protocol – on the ‘net
 MIL-STD-3014 - MiDEF == PDF for munitions
 In flight coding was introduced in 2008

30. DUDE, ERRR...NO.. VERY UN-COOL, DON’T
PRESS THAT ...

31. AND THE OTHER SIDE OF THE EQUATION

32. DETECTION
 See the light!
 We can detect the designator’s laser light
 We know we are being targeted (like in the
movies)...and run
 We can decode the PIM/PRF
 We might know if we are a priority target – nice...
 Page 45 -6b: “Lower code numbers and faster
pulse rates are appropriate for the most important
targets and the most difficult operating conditions.”

33. DETECTION
Laser warning sensor configured as a multi-sensor arrangement and interfaced
with a suitable smoke/aerosol screening system can be used effectively on platforms
like main battle tanks, AFV, etc., to provide platform protection from laser-guided
munitions. The development of this sensor is a totally indigenous effort,
both in design and implementation.

34. DETECTION
 Can we determine the direction of the designator?
 Know where the special ops guy is sitting / plane
 Source or reflected light?
 We might look at the divergence ??
 Shape of the reflected light
 Know how far away the special ops guy is / plane

35. REPLAY
 Sniff
the light!
 Replay attack should work well...
 You don’t even have to know what the designator says
 Does it makes sense to have a 256 number code?
 Why are PRF codes 393,424,515 and so on more popular?
 Americans are always thinking big (1000 missiles at a time)
 Bomb does not speak .. One way comms
 So now it’s becoming interesting..

36. “WTF – DID IT JUST TURN THIS WAY?!”
 .. replay the laser pulses ...
 ..and point it somewhere else...like..
 ...at the designator (see previous slides)
 Will this work when the designator is a plane? NOT
 “Page 46, Chapter 5 – Safety: c. Inversion. Caution
must be used when the laser-target line is over +30
degrees of the attack heading to ensure the LST or
LGB does not detect and guide on the laser
designator instead of the target‘s reflected laser
energy.”
 Oops..

37. JDAMS
 Guidance retrofitted to dumb bombs
 GPS
 TV (with RF link)
 Inertial navigation system
 Range up to 60km from drop, up to 12 control
surfaces
 Cheap – 21k USD compared to missiles at around
75k USD

38. WHY DO YOU HAVE THESE SLIDES AT THE
CON ACTUALLY? AG, NO MAN REALLY...
 Ona more serious note...
 Same principles in attack (thinking) applies
 It’s really just 1s and 0s
 Don’t think it’s too complex!
 If you ask the right questions, you can Google the
answers
 (Patents, specs, etc.)
 Significantly complex tech is indistinguishable from
magic.
 Development of UAVs in non US countries is a big
headache for the US...

39. QUESTIONS?

40. FACEBOOK 0 DAY, BOUGHT TO YOU BY...

41. ...VODACOM

42. WE USE THE MAGIC EMAIL ADDRESS...

43. ..AND AWAY IT GOES!