2. Crowd Sourcing
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Definition: ‘crowdsourcing represents the
act of a company or institution taking a
function once performed by employees and
outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally
large) network of people in the form of
an open call’ (Howe, 2006)
3. Crowd Sourcing Tech.
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Case study 1: Ushahidi, Kenya
Technology: Ushahidi Platform
The purpose of the platform is to gather distributed data from
the public and visualize it on a map or timeline
Advantages
Free App
Allows for real time monitoring
Low technology requirements for users
Distinguishes between verified and unverified information
Limitations
Basic literacy skills required to access and send information
4. Porgramme Applications
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Application: Real time
monitoring and mapping of
dispersed events and
structures
Programmes (External):
Election monitoring: India
Monitoring unrest: Congo
Mapping Sexual
Harassment: Egypt
Brac Programmes:
HRLN, Relief
works, Gender, Road safety
‘The world we want’
(SIL, Brac)
Crowd map of the ‘World We Want’
5. Crowd Sourcing Tech.
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Case study 2: Mapkathmandu, Nepal
Technology: Open street maps (OSM)
Collaborative project to create a free editable map
Advantages:
Freely available
Creates and uses open data
Robust: maps can be edited and verified
Limitations:
Verification problems: any user can edit the map
Imaging is not as advanced as Google
6. Programme Applications
Application: Mapping
of locally relevant areas
and structures
Programmes (External):
Mapping slums: Kenya
Disaster response: Haiti
and India
Disaster readiness:
Indonesia and
Bangladesh
BRAC Programmes:
Disaster Relief, WASH,
mapping beneficiary
HHs
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OSM of Kibera, Education Institutions
7. Applications for Crowd Sourcing
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Case study 3: Crowd sourced funding, Kiva
Facilitating individuals from across the world to lend money
online to low-income individuals
Advantages
Provides initial capital
100% of the loan amount is transferred to MF institutions
Limitations
Irregular supply depending on the number of borrowers
No financial return for lenders
Application: Initial capital for microfinance is needed
Programmes: Microfinance
BRAC programmes: Programmes offering microfinance
services, e.g. AFSP
8. Tablets Devices
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Tablets are a form of
mobile computing
devices
Advantages for
developing countries:
Intuitive and accessible
Suited to infrastructure
challenges
Portable and Mobile
Application oriented
9. Growth in Tablet Tech.
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Tablet shipment forecast for 2013 expected to reach 229.3 million units.
PCs shipments face a 7.8% slump
10. Applications for Tablet devices
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Case study 1: One tablet per child, Ethiopia
Technology: Tablet designed by OLPC
The tablets are pre-installed with an array of educational
applications and learning tools to facilitate self learning.
Advantages
The tablets are equipped with solar panels
Tracking children's learning patterns
New apps and content can be delivered to the tablets seamlessly
Limitations:
concerns related to scaling programmes
Impact not established
11. Porgramme Applications
Applications: Student
cantered learning, i.e.
teaching is tailored to
student’s learning style
Porgramme (External):
E- learning: Thailand
Aakash: India
BRAC programmes:
Education programmes
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One tablet per child experiment in
Ethiopia
12. Applications for Tablet devices
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Case study 2: Health Care, India
Technology: ‘Kalam-Raju’ Tablet
Aims to assist rural health care workers.
Advantages
Stores patient history
User friendly
Access to diagnostic tools
Affordable
Limitations
Pilot phase
Applications: Streamlining medical assistance and overcoming
logistical challenges
Programmes (External): Health e-villages: Haiti and Kenya
BRAC programmes: Health programmes such as MNCH
13. ICT4D Lessons Learned
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Considerations
Technology is a ‘tool’
It suits particular needs and contexts
Spaces for innovation
Broadening scope and application
Combining technologies
Programme Application
Finding a technology that fits needs of beneficiaries and
matches their capacities
Advantages of crowd sourcingSharing information and ideasIncreasing collective knowledgeEncouraging collective creativity and innovationSupporting collective lending efforts Facilitating civic engagement
The purpose of the platform is to gather distributed data from the public via several media and communication channels (i.e., SMS, email, and web) and to visualize it on a map or timeline
Ground surveys are performed by a mapper, on foot, bicycle, or in a car or boat. Map data are usually collected using a GPS unit, although this is not strictly necessary if an area has already been traced from satellite imagery.Once the data have been collected, they are entered into the database by uploading them on the project's website. At that point, no information about the kind of uploaded track is available – it could be e.g., a motorway, a footpath, or a river. Thus, in a second step, editing takes place using one of several purpose-built map editors (e.g., JOSM). This is usually done by the same mapper, sometimes by other contributors registered at OpenStreetMap.As collecting and uploading data is separated from editing objects, contribution to the project is possible also without using a GPS unit. In particular, placing and editing objects such as schools, hospitals, taxi ranks, bus stops, pubs, etc. is done based on editors' local knowledge.
On Kiva.org, internationally based lenders create and personalize individual profiles. Lenderscan act individually, or can join “Lending Teams” to attribute their loans to a collectivecampaign or to compare their joint impact with other like-interest, regional or demographicgroups. Lenders capitalize their Kiva.org accounts with personal money, browse the profilesof entrepreneurs located around the world, and choose those to whom they would like tolend money. The platform is additionally built with systemic checks and balances, such asthe feature that lenders cannot view or post to message boards until their account iscapitalized with at least $25, the minimum lending amount. Lenders are advised on potentialcountry, Microfinance Institute, and personal loan default potential, described respectively as“Country Risk,” “Field Partner Risk,” and “Entrepreneur Risk.” Loans are providedglobally to Kiva “Field Partners,” or MFIs, located in 48 countries that then distributemoney to individual entrepreneurs. Capital is provided in minimum $25 loans at zeropercent-interest, though repayment to the lender comes incrementally, with small cashinstallments that recapitalize individual accounts.
The CitiVox platform hub for receiving, categorizing assigning the police officer responsible for solving the issue. CitiVox enables real-time information sharing via SMS, e-mail, and smartphone applications between citizens and their government as a means of rebuilding confidence, increasing public security, and improving accountability. Oscar calls it “We-Government.” The platform has four major features: 1) report: citizens say what’s really happening using mobile technology; 2) manage: governments follows-up and assigns resources; 3) measure: users generate maps, graphs, and statistics; and 4) communicate: data is made public. CitiVox creates significant value for the public - See more at:
Also embedded in each tablet is a wireless connection to what the OTPC team calls the "sneakernet". This connection allows the scientific team out in the field to study how the children use the devices and how they develop.
Aims to assist rural health care workers patient information, diagnostic tools and new treatment procedures in rural areas across India.Easy to use: The tablet is expected to run on an Intel Atom processor with several external interfaces like a microphone, audio-output and USB connection.
