Power Point presentation for Comp.1 class

1. Diabetes & Obesity Brian Junkin Composition I Prof. Gordon Pueschner 9 May 2011

2. What is Diabetes? The term “Diabetes” is actually the shortened form of the condition Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a disorder of the endocrine system. It is a condition in which the body is unable to process sugar once ingested into the body. This is a serious condition, which if left untreated, can be fatal.

3. Diabetes Facts Diabetes affects nearly 2.8 percent of the world’s population, over 170 million people world wide. Untreated diabetes can affect the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems of affected individuals, making them more likely to suffer from myocardial infarction (heart attack), strokes, amputations of affected limbs and blindness

4. Diabetes in the United States Nearly 26 million people, or 7.8 percent of the total American population have been diagnosed with one form of Diabetes. Diabetes was the 7th leading cause of death amongst people in the United States in 2007, with over 234,000 cases linked either directly or indirectly to complications of Diabetes. Diabetes either directly or indirectly caused the American people 174 billion dollars in expenses, including medication, examinations, and health insurance costs

5. Insulin Insulin is a hormone in the body that assists cells in absorbing sugar that enters the bloodstream through the stomach digesting the food we eat. Insulin is produced is specialized cells called Beta cells. Beta cells are located in the pancreas in structures called the Islets of Langerhans. Insulin formation and usage is the critical issue in Diabetes patients.

6. Types of Diabetes Diagnoses Although there are more than 10 different variations of the diagnosing of Diabetes, the three most common forms of this diagnosis are: Type I Diabetes Type II Diabetes Gestational Diabetes

7. Type I Diabetes Type I Diabetes is often referred to as an auto-immune disorder. This means that the body’s immune system plays a part in the cause of Type I Diabetes In Type I Diabetes, a patient’s own immune system incorrectly recognizes the Beta cells in the pancreas as a threat and destroys them. In destroying the Beta cells, the body is unable to produce insulin.

8. Type II Diabetes Comprises almost 90-95% of all Diabetes diagnoses world wide. Type II Diabetes occurs when the body produces enough insulin, but for unknown reasons, the cells of the body are not as able to absorb the sugar into them, causing an overall increase in the total amount of blood sugar in the body.

9. Gestational Diabetes Affects between 3 and 10 percent of total pregnancies in the United States, and can have implications for both the mother and the unborn child. Can progressively lead to Type II Diabetes. Can occur with little or no symptoms experienced by either patient.

10. Diabetes Signs/Symptoms The most common symptoms of diabetes/blood sugar issues are: Excessive Thirst Excessive Urination Nausea/Vomiting Blurred Vision Hyperventilation

11. Diabetes Treatments For Type I Diabetes, the only definitive treatment is to be put on a synthetic insulin regiment. This can either be in the form of pills or injections. For Type II Diabetes, there is no definitive treatment, but numerous studies have found that weight loss, a controlled diet, and oral medication have been very effective at regulating blood sugars.

12. Diabetes-Obesity Link An N.I.H. study found that obesity directly linked to nearly 55% of Type II Diabetes diagnoses in the United States between 2000 and 2007. In addition, the same study found that people who engaged in light to moderate physical activity at least once per day were 82 percent less likely to contract Type II Diabetes

13. Material Sourced “National Diabetes Statistics, 2011." National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National Institutes of Health, 1 Jan. 2011. Web. 05 May 2011. <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/>. "Diabetes Mellitus." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 May 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes>. "Diabetes Overview." National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. Web. 05 May 2011. <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/overview/index.htm>.