1. Where does low quality
education come from?

2. Introduction
1. Educational data in India
2. My Question and Hypothesis
3. Balsaki project × Experiment
4. My opinion

3. ・ Enrollment rate
at Primary school
(2008-2011)
Educational data in
India
Male 99 ％
Female 98 ％

4. ・ grade 3 students:
Educational data in
India
About 60% of
these children
couldn’t read
simple words which
they learned grade
1.

5. Question
→To help weaker students effects on
improving educational outcomes
・ The low quality of education comes
from
-The teachers(a pedagogy or motivation?)
-The Students(low motivation?)

6. Balsakhi program
・ Balsakhi : aged 18 to 20 years old
womencompleted grade 10-12 educatio
-2weeks educational training
- 20hours per week
・ Offered by Pratham
Organaization

7. Experiment by MIT Research
group
・ Place
:Mumbai・ Sample:
77primary schools
Grade 2 & 3 children
・ Separating
groups:
-The score of pre-
assessment language
test
- Understandings of

8. Experiment design
Group A Group B
Grade 2 Treatment Control
Grade 3 Control Treatment
Group A Group B
Grade 3 Control Treatment
Grade 4 Treatment Control
Year 1
Year 2

9. Assessments
Pre-test
Post-test
1
Post-test
2
Year1 Year 2

11. Results and my opinion
・ Helping weaker students can
improve the literacy outcomes.
・ Students can obtain educational
achievements if they understand
the lectures..
→The low quality of education
comes from teachers?

12. Reference
Pratham Organisation (2011) Inside primary
schools-A study of teaching and learning in rural
India-, Pratham Resource Centre; Mumbai
UNICEF(2012) Statistics in India
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/india_statistics.html
Banerjee.A.V, Cole.S, Duflo.E,and Linden.L(2006) REMEDYING
EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM TWORANDOMIZED
EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA, Oxford, U.K; Oxford University press,
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 22, no. 3 (2007): 1235–64