The document discusses safety management for construction sites in Myanmar. It outlines the objectives of studying accident theories and safety management systems. The scope includes safety planning, training, measures and requirements. The implementation will involve studying laws, local practices, hazardous substances, and welfare facilities. Expected outcomes are a better safety management system, reduced injuries, and improved safety programs. Effective safety management aims to make the environment, jobs, and workers safe.

2. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

3. Supervisor Student
Dr. Nyan Myint Kyaw Ma Phyo Theint Theint Htut
Professor and Head Roll No. C-27
Department of Civil Engineering Master of Engineering (Thesis)

4. Problem Statement
 High rates of accidents are caused in
construction sites because the safety
management is not developed in our country.
 National Laws and regulations are not
effective for the Health, Safety and
Environmental Management System in our
country

5. Objectives
 To study the accident theories which aim to
clarify the accident phenomena and to explain
the mechanisms that lead to accidents.
 To study the safety management
system, theory and procedures from the
preparation of the site to the construction of
the project.
 To save the life of construction workers by
using the OHSE system commonly in our
country

6. Scope of Study
 Safety planning, safety procedure, safety
training, safety measure, safety requirements
are included in the safety management
development.
 Providing growth in safety education and
concepts relating to the integrating of aspects
of safety into all functions and activities of
construction management.
 To maintain and promote worker’s health and
safety at work.

7. Implementation Program
 Studying the national laws or regulations require for
employers to provide a safe and healthy workplace
before the construction site.
 Studying the information relating to the local safety
practice.
 Studying the safety of working environment present
many hazardous substances in construction sites.
 Providing the welfare facilities at the construction
sites.
 Discussion and conclusion for the safety management
system of construction sites.

8. Expected Outcomes
 Better safety management system can be
considered in the design of new workplaces
and processes.
 Reducing the incidence of injuries and illness
among workers at the construction.
 Improving safety, health and welfare programs
for preventing occupational accidents and
diseases in the construction sites.

9. Effective safety
management
There are three main objectives for safety
management to be effective
 to make the environment safe;
 to make the job safe,
 to make workers safety conscious.

10. Occupational Health and
Safety Management system
(OHSE)
An Occupational Health and safety
Management system is a frame work that
allows an organization to consistently identify
and control its health and safety risks, reduce
the potential for accidents, help achieve
compliance with health and safety legislation
and continually improve its performance.

11. Health and safety
 Induction training
 Supervisor and management training
 On-job training
 Specific hazard training
 Work procedures and skills training
 Emergency procedure training
 First aid training

12. The key strategy principles of international and
national occupational health and safety
policies
 avoidance of hazards (primary prevention)
 safe technology
 optimization of working conditions
 integration of production and health and safety activities
 government’s responsibility, authority and competence in the development and control of
working conditions
 primary responsibility of the employer and entrepreneur for health and safety at the workplace
 recognition of employees’ own interest in occupational health and safety
 cooperation and collaboration on an equal basis by employers and workers
 right to participate in decisions concerning one’s own work
 right to know and principle of transparency
 Continuous follow-up and development of occupational health and safety

13. Principles of Occupational
Health and Safety
 protection and promotion of the health of
workers by preventing and controlling
occupational diseases and accidents
 Development and promotion of healthy and
safe work, work environments and work
organizations.
 enhancement of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers
 Enablement of workers to conduct socially
and economically productive live

14. Principles of Accident
Prevention
 The prevention of accidents is an essential part of good management.
 Both workers and management must cooperate to reduce accidents.
 The organization of safety in the plant is the responsibility of the
management.
 Each plant should have a definitive and well known policy on safety.
 There must be available organization and resources to carry out the policy.
 The best known method which can be introduced must be applied at the work
place.

15. The benefits of Occupational
Health and Safety at Workplace
 Improvement of worker's health behaviour due to relaxed
atmosphere in the work setting
 Improved worker's health.
 Improved workers moral and job-satisfaction.
 Improved workers efficiency and productivity.
 Lower sickness rates, lower accidents and injury rates.
 Reduced absenteeism, reduced labor turnover.
 Reduced health cost to the employee, the management
and the employers.
 Improved corporate image and industrial relations.
 Lower compensation for occupational illnesses and injuries.
 Improved intra-personal and inter-personal relationship
within the companies, the family and in the community.

16. Causes of Occupational
Diseases
 Lack of provision of protective (safety) devices by the employers of labor.
 Inadequate or non use of safety devices by the respective worker. The non compliance to company rules can
predispose the worker to various illnesses.
 The health status of the worker. A worker who is ill and stressed up is likely to be affected. A worker who is
anemic due to ill-health like malaria or due to poor nutrition is likely to develop further complications.
 Poor personal and environmental hygiene.
 Lack of periodic medical investigation or examinations of the workers to identify those likely or already
developing ill-health so that treatment can be started early. Types of medical examination should include x -
ray and laboratory investigations.
 Lack of practice of most containment and preventive measures.
 Exposure to defective equipment and instruments.
 Exposure to dermatologic agents which could be endogenic. Such substances include absorption of
gold, mercury arsenic agents like Bacillus anthraces and mechanical agents.

17.  Ingestion of toxic substances and dangerous agents such as contaminated
food substances, vegetables and fruits.
 Exposure to hazards like lead, toxic materials, fumes, dust and other
substances.
 Inhalation of gases, fumes, organic substances like silica sulphate, iron
dusts, coal dusts and others.
 Carelessness of workers and hazardous life styles like excessive smoking,
alcohol intake and ingestion of non prescribed and adulterated and fake
drug.
 Inability of the worker to go for medical check-up as preventive measure

18. Advantages of Applying Safety
on construction sites
Applying safety on the construction projects
has many advantages
 Reduce the accidents on the construction
sites.
 Help end projects in the early time.
 Increase employee morals
 Increased productivity.
 Decreased the number of compensation.