2. COPPER
is one of trace element…

3. Copper…?
•Copper (Cu) is one of the micronutrients needed
in very small quantities by plants. The normal
range in the growing medium is 0.05-0.5 ppm,
while in most tissue the normal range is between
3-10 ppm. In comparison, the ideal range for
iron in the tissue is 20 times higher than that of
copper.

4. BASIC
INFORMATION …
Atomic number: 29
Atomic weight : 63.54
Symbol: Cu
Formula: Cu
Cu recognize as essential nutrients: Sommer
Year: 1931
Cu in earth crust: 10-50 mg/kg
Cu in igneous rocks: 20-100 mg/kg
Melting point 1085°C
Appearance Red-Orange Metallic Luster

5. Function/Roll of Cu:
• Cu involve on Chlorophyll Formation
• Involve in several enzymes systems
e.g.(Cytochrome Oxide)
• Participates in lignin formation, protein and
carbohydrate metabolism.
• Require for symbiotic N-Fixation.

6. Deficiency first visible at shoot tips in the form of narrow twisted leaves and
pale white tips
• Irregular growth and pale green
Cu Deficiency Symptoms:

7. Stunted growth.

8. At maturity panicles/ears are poorly filled or
even empty under severe deficiency.

9. The youngest leaves yellow as they come out
of the whorl , and the tip may die.
Corn

10. The stalk is soft and limp

12. Copper Deficiency Cannabis Crop
• Copper deficiencies are uncommon, but they
can cause major problems with your cannabis
crop. A copper deficiency will appear initially in
the younger leaves with necrosis. The tips and
margins of the leaves will exhibit coppery gray
or slightly blue discolorations with a metallic
sort of glare. In between the veins, the leaves
will yellow.
yellowing, necrotic spots
and droopiness of
mature leaves.

13. Cu Toxicity Symptoms
• Interveinal Chlorosis of younger leaves, resembling iron deficiency.
• Inhibition of root growth.
Sugar beatLeaf

14. Soil Condition Associated With Cu Deficiency:
• Newly reclaimed Histosols,
• Peat and muck soils
• Alkaline and calcareous soils

15. Common Cu Minerals:
• Sulfides are predominant minerals in
earth crust.
such as!
Chalcopyrite (Cu Fe S2)
Chalcocite (Cu2 S)
Boronite (Cu Fe S4)
Other copper minerals are!
Oxides,
Carbonates
Silicates
Sulfates
chlorite

16. Forms Of Cu in Soil:
• Soil Solution.
• Cation exchange sites of clay and organic matter.
• In biological residues and living organisms.
• 20-50% cu is an organically bound forms.

17. Factor Affecting Cu Availability:
• Texture.
• pH (Involve relationship).
• High zinc(Zn),nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),result in low
cu availability.
• Crop residues decreases Cu availability.

18. Soil Solution Cu:
• Low concentration 10-8 to 10-6 Moll (0.6 to 63 ppb) (parts
per billion)
• Cu** is specie at pH <6.9
• Cu(OH)2O is predominant specie at pH>6.9

19. Cu Solubility:
• Solubility increases 100-fold for each unit decreases in soil ph.
Cu Mobility:
• Cu is immobile in soil, mostly supplied to plant through root
interception.

20. Soil Interactions:
• Cu in the plant can interfere Fe metabolism and cause Fe
deficiency.
• It interacts with Mo to interfere with the enzymatic reduction of
NO (nitric oxide).

21. Some Copper Containing Fertilizer:
PRODUCT CHEMICAL FORMULA Cu %
Copper Sulfate Monohydrate CuSO4H2O 35%
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate CuSO45H2O 25%
Cupric Oxide CuO 75%
Copper Chloride CuCl2 17%
Copper Chelates CuEDTA 8-13%
Bordeaux mixture can also correct Cu deficiency.

22. Crop Tolerant/Sensitive to Cu:
High responsive to
coper fertilization
Tolerant to Cu
Wheat Bean
Rice Peas
Onion Soybeans
Alfalfa Potatoes
Citrus

23. Cu Categorization:
Category AB-DTPA DTPA
Low <0.3 <0.2
Medium 0.3-0.5 -
High >0.5 >0.2