physical geography chap1lec1

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. The Earth’s Rotation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Axis : an imaginary straight line through the center of the Earth around which the Earth rotates Poles : the two points on the Earth’s surface where the axis of rotation emerges

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. The Geographic Grid Parallels and Meridians Geographic grid : network of parallels and meridians used to fix location on the Earth Parallel : east-west circle on the Earth’s surface, lying on a plane parallel to the equator Meridian : north-south line on the Earth’s surface, connecting the poles

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. The Geographic Grid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Latitude : arc of a meridian between the equator and a given point on the globe Longitude : arc of a parallel between the prime meridian and a given point on the globe

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. The Geographic Grid Latitude and Longitude Latitude is measured north and south of the equator, up to 90 º Longitude is measured east and west of the Prime Meridian—meridian that passes through Greenwich, England — up to 180 º

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. Map Projections Map Scale Scale fraction: a ratio that tells how to convert distance on the map to true distance on the Earth 1:50,000 1 unit of map distance=50,000 units of distance on the Earth

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. Global Time Standard Time : time system based on the local time of a standard meridian and applied to belts of longitude extending roughly 7 ½ º on either side of the meridian Time zones: zones or belts within which standard time is applied

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plane of the Ecliptic : plane of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun The Four Seasons Summer solstice : solstice occurring on June 21 or 22, when the subsolar point is at 23 1/2 ° N; June Solstice Winter solstice : solstice occurring on December 21 or 22, when the subsolar point is at 23 1/2 ° S; December Solstice Equinox : time when subsolar point falls on equator and circle of illumination passes through both poles Circle of illumination : separates day hemisphere from night hemisphere

Visualizing Physical Geography Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Publishers Inc. Earth’s Revolution Around the Sun Equinox Conditions Subsolar point : point on the Earth’s surface where the sun is directly overhead at noon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

physical geography chap1lec1

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physical geography chap1lec1