2. Table of Contents
1- Title 15- Comparatives and Superlatives
2- Table of Contents 16- Future Tense
3- Preterite Tense 17- Future Triggers
4- Preterite Triggers 18- Future Irregulars
5- Car, Gar, Zar 19- Transition Words
6- Spock 20- Por
7- Snake, Snakey 21- Para
8- Cucuracha
9- Imperfect Tense
10- Imperfect Triggers
11- Irregulars
12-Preterite vs. Imperfect
13- Ser vs. Estar
14- Verbs like Gustar
3. This verb form is used for
completed actions in the past.
Such as you ate yesterday,
Regular Verb Forms comiste ayer, or I swam at 8,
Nadé a las ocho. They have a
é amos definitive start and end.
-Ar
aste -
ó aron
Preterite
-Er/Ir í imos
iste -
ió ieron
4. Every verb tense has Triggers
words which will help
you identify which
tense to use. For the
preterite tense... Ante ayer
El dia anterior
El jueves pasado
El otro dia
UN! vez
All these will help you identify the
perterite tense
5. Car, Gar, Zar
Most (if not all) verb forms have
irregulars. The preterite has quite a
few...the first being the car, gar,
and zar verbs.
For these verbs, take off the ending
of the infintive, and for the YO
form with verbs ending in car, gar,
or zar, use the endings qué, gué,
and cé respectively.
buscar---busqué
llegar---llegué
empezar---empecé
6. Irregular conjugations for each
Spock! grouping. No accents!
Hacer
hice, hicimos, hiciste, hizo, hicieron
Dar
Ir
Dar/Ver
Ver Ser -i,-imos,-iste,-io,-ieron
Hacer
Ir/Ser
fui, fuimos, fuiste, fue, fueron
7. Only the bottom of the Snake....Snakey
chart....(3rd person) has an
irregular conjugation where the
vowel changes to a y.
Leer Oir
leyó oyó
leyeron oyeron
8. Cucurachas!
andar anduv-
estar estuv- These verbs all have the same endings: e, imos,
tener tuv- iste, o, ieron.
caber cup-
haber hub-
Anduve, anduvimos, anduviste, anduvo,
poder pud- anduvieron
poner pus-
saber sup-
hacer hic- ***** for those, the 3rd person plural drops the 'I'
in the conjugation. For example. Trajeron instead
querer quis-
of trajieron....
venir vin-
*decir dij-
*producir
produj-
*traer traj-
9. Imperfect
Used to describe past actions The endings are....
that don't have a specific
beginning or ending. They -Ar
aba abámos
have an imperfect time. They
abas -
describe habitual past actions,
or uncompleted actions. Also aba aban
vague refrences would use the
imperfect.... cuando ERA -Er/Ir
niño... ía íamos
ías -
ía ían
10. A veces
A menudo
De vez en cuando
Triggers Mientras
Muchas veces
Los lunes
Denotes the imperfect
tense!!!! Cada dia
Frequentemente
siempre
11. Imperfect Irregulars
Ir Ser Ver
iba era veía
ibas eras veías
iba era veía
íbamos éramos veíamos
iban eran veían
Only 3, enough said?
12. Preterite vs. Imperfect
We have two ways we could
possibly express past actions,
with the preterite and imperfect
tenses. So, which one should
we use? Well, the preterite, as I Nadaste a las dies (Pret.)
said before, is like a snapshot, a
definite time. Imperfect is like Nadaba de vez en cuando (imp.)
a movie, it keeps moving.
If that isn't confusing enough, they
can both be used in the same
sentence. But luckily, the Cuando dormía, mi perro comió
imperfect shows the una hamburguesa con queso.
background information such
as time, weather, and location,
while the preterite shows the
specific events.
13. Ser vs. Estar
Ser Estar
D- descriptions H- health
O- occupations E- emotions
C- characteristic L- location
T- time P- physical characteristics
O- origin ING- for verbs in English
ending in -ing you need estar +
R- relationships
verb + ando/iendo
P- possesion
E- events
D- dates
14. Verbs like Gustar
Some verbs work like gustar
Personal pronoun + gusta/an + noun
me encantan los zapatos
me fascina comer
no me importa
aburrir, faltar, importar, interesar, molestar, quedar, caer,
doler, disgustar, preocupar, sorprender, apetecer
15. Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives Superlatives
Mas ____ que ____ el mas ___ de ____
Menos ____ que ____ el menos ___ de ____
Nuestra casa es mas grande que su Nuestra casa es el mas grande de
casa todos en el mundo
*Irregular adjectives *OTRO!
Bueno- mejor Tan___ como
*Numbers!
Malo- peor
Mas de or menos de as ___ as
Viejo- mayor
Tanto ___como
Joven- menor
as much/many as
16. Future Tense
All verbs end the same
way! Infintive + ending é emos
ás -
Hablaré miercoles. á án
17. Triggers
When you see these, Mañana
you know the event will El lunes
be happening sometime
in the future! Despues de mañana
El proximo dia
18. Irregulars!
Caber cabr
Poner pondr
Decir dir
Same endings, but the Haber habr
stem changes! Salir saldr
Hacer har
Poder podr
Tener tendr
Querer querr
Valer valdr
Sabe sabr
Venir vendr
19. Transition Words
These words will
spice up your • Aunque- even though
sentences and
• Mientras- while
provide you with
ways of saying • A pasar de- in spite of
more things. • Por lo tanto- therefore
• Sin embargo/no
obstante- nevertheless
20. Por
For By means of
Passing through PORtal
General, not specific PORtugal
How long PORever
The cause of something PORpuse
An exhange imPORt/exPORt
Doing something in I am POR, pay for me
place of someone
By means of moving transPORtation
21. Para
For In order to
For whom something is Suprise PARAtay
done
Destination PARAguay
The purpose for whom PARAsites
something is done
Opinions PARAdon me, but...
Contrast and compare comPARAson
deadline PARAmedic