4.
In linguistics, co-reference occurs when multiple
expressions in a sentence or document refer to the same
thing.
For example,
"Mary said she would help me"
Introduction
6.
The Arabic language differs greatly from the English
language and other Germanic and Latin-based
languages. There are certain grammatical differences
you must know before you begin to understand the
language.
Arabic is a synthetic language as opposed to an
analytical one.
Arabic language trait is to leave out short vowels.
difficult to read Arabic unless you have a vast
knowledge of the written language.
Characteristics of the Arabic
Language
7.
Use of multiple consonants attached to a root verb to
create a different meaning..
In English : In Arabic :
“He wrote“
"Aktaba.“
“He dictated"
Tri-Consonantal Root Verb
8.
To determine the person who performs an action.
In English : In Arabic :
"drink" "sh-r-b"
"drinker" "sharib"
Active Participle
10.
Related work
Kehler (1997) used maximum entropy modeling to
assign aprobability distribution to alternative sets of
coreference relationships among noun phrase entity
templates, whereas we used decision tree learning.
Ge, Hale, and Charniak (1998) used a statistical
model for resolving pronouns, where as we used a
decision tree learning algorithm and resolved
general noun phrases, not just pronouns.
the work of Cardie and Wagstaff (1999) also falls
under the machine learning approach.
12.
MT-based stemmer
Partition the Arabic words into clusters based on the
English translations of the Arabic words. The Arabic
words whose English translations, after removing
English stopwords.
15.
Coreference Resolution
Coreference resolution is the process of determining
whether two expressions in natural language refer to
the same entity in the world.
18.
Why is Arabic Information
Extraction difficult?
The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters that can be
extended to 90 by additional shapes, marks, and
vowels.
There are two genders (masculine and feminine),
three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), and three
grammatical cases (nominative, genitive, and
accusative)
19.
Annotated Corpora
The number of corpora annotated both anaphorically
and coreferentially have increased.
For English, there are some resources such as the
Lancaster Anaphoric Treebank and other .
For Arabic , no expansion in the field of
anaphorical or coreferential corpus annotation .
20.
Annotating Tools
The annotation task of anaphoric or coreferential
relations require a considerable effort from the
human annotator.
such as:
Callisto3,MMAX2 and PALinkA
These tools are written in Java
Hospital organizations have taken advantage of the opportunities provided by Information Technology to improve the quality and efficiency develop new types of health services.
There is a need for an online e-prescription of medicine system because of:Medication errors:errors or mistakes committed by health professionals which result in harm to the patient. Communication: the difficulty of contact between physicians, pharmacists and nurses. Legal problems: a legal mistake can ruin doctor’s life.
. To accomplish the following must be done:Make a system that includes database about patient's status and their needs to interact with drugs to avoid medical errors. A software that provides electronic forms for doctors and pharmacists to ease the communication channel between them. Solved medication errors will eliminate legal problems in case of systematic way.
Free software. Supports most of the medical services , for example (Electronic Medical Records , Prescriptions).
