3. Contents….
1. History of Internet
2. Internet of everything
3. What is a Smart device???
4. Wireless sensor networks
5. IPv6
6. Communication in the IoT
7. Sensing the IoT
8. Applications
9. Iot in Business
10.The common good
11.Challenges
4. History of Internet
ARPANET…1967 RAND CORP….
MILATARY NETWORK
NPL…
COMMERCIAL NETWORK
CYCLADES…
SCINETIFIC NETWORK
FOUNDATIONS
FOR THE
MODERN
INTERNET
•Interface message processors formed the IMP Subnet…The NCG developed the NCP later
replaced by TCP
•Packet switching was introduced…decentralized network architecture was
developed…distributed network has come up.
•Cyclades started communication with other networks…Computers between sender and
receiver acted as transfer nodes….end to end structure…
•X.25 protocol was developed by phone companies and their servers were used to exchange
information.
8. Smart???
•Electronic devices connected via wireless technologies such as Bluetooth,
Wi-Fi, NFC etc
•Would play the most significant role in the IoT
•Can be created by embedding RFID tags or sensors into non smart
objects
•Two kinds….smart physical objects, smart virtual objects
•Supports the ubiquitous computing properties.
•Smart phones, phablets, tablets, etc….
•Awareness, Representation, Interaction…
9. To be smart on a network…a device should have
•A unique identification
•Ability to communicate…
•Ability to sense…
10. •Every device needs a unique IP address to communicate with other devices on the
network. This was established by the IPv4
•But now….The internet just ran out of numbers.
•Ipv6 was developed by IETF to deal with IPv4 address exhaustion.
•IPv6 uses 128 bit…produces a pool of numbers that is staggeringly huge…
•3.4*10 raised to the power 38 or 48 octillion address for every person on the earth.
•IPv4 and IPv6 are not interoperable but transition mechanisms can be used.
•Countries like China have already started concentrating on IPv6. These however are
being inaccessible where only IPv4 is being used.
•With the looming Internet of Things…Ipv6 is soon to take on the world.
11. Communication in IoT
Transmits data at high speeds...devices should be within 10 meters…data
transfer rate 2mbps..operates in 2.45 GHz band…Spread spectrum frequency
hopping technology
Wavelengths from700nm to 1mm…allows us to see heat when there is no
visible light…Mostly used in C-Band(1530-1565 micrometers)….Night
vision and thermal sensing….
Short range low power digital radio communication…low data transfer
rate…longer battery life…often embedded into systems…can form mesh
networks with systems…
Near field communication…devices have to be in very close proximity
…few centimeters…NFC target…NFC indicator…NFC peer to peer
…operates in 13.65 MHz band….
12. Home automation technology that enables light switches, lights,
thermostats, motion sensors, and other electrical devices to interoperate
through power lines, radio frequency (RF) communications or both.
Wireless communications protocol designed for home automation,
specifically for remote control applications….uses a low-power RF
radio embedded or retrofitted into electronic devices and systems.
IoT majorly depends on the Interoperability of these protocols
13. Sensing the IoT
•We evolve because we communicate…
•Sensors have become widely available today…MEMS devices…
•More and more things are being connected using Sensors…
•In the IoT environment everything has a sensor…
•Proximity sensors…pressure sensor…motion detector and
umpteen other sensors.
•Business, public infrastructure, health care…
People connecting to
things
14. Motion Detector
Detects
motion...Passive IR,
Microwave,
Ultrasonic etc
Pressure Sensor
Used for pressure
sensing, altitude
sensing, Leak
testing etc
Photo Sensor
senses light and
other EM energy
Proximity sensor
Detects
presence of objects
in the vicinity without
any physical contact
Tactile Sensors
Measures
information
arising from
physical
contact
Shock Detector
Indicates if a
physical shock has
occurred
Gas detector
Checks for
presence of
gases…Infra
red Imaging
Ultrasonic etc
Metal Detector
Detects for metal
nearby..Indicated
by changing tone
in ear phones
Breathalyzer
Used to estimate
blood alcohol
content from a
blood sample
16. Wireless smart sensor network
•Have become very attractive in telemonitoring, home automation,
telemedicine…etc….
•Spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental
conditions..
•The networks typically run Low Power Devices...
17. IoT in Business
•New business opportunities…
•Ubiquitous services for connected consumers…
•New sources of revenue…smarter interactions with customers and greater efficiency
•An Intelligent system can be transformative….Unparalleled reliability and
uptime…and new insights….
•Next Gen Application enablement…
•Individual focused advertisement becomes possible…
•Might transform the face of marketing…
•Can halt unchecked consumption of natural resources and energy...
•The optimisation of things: towards a truly sustainable development…
18. DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
WISDOM
Data Analytics
can be used to
extract
meaningful
information
and optimize it
Vast amounts of
data…Big
opportunity for
Data
Management
industry
Knowledge
Engineering is used to
develop Knowledge
based systems
The Final
Cap is
wisdom
The Common Good
19. Challenges of the IoT
1. The Big Data Challenge
2. Privacy becomes meaningless…A huge social concern…
3. Precision is a challenge
4. Security is a shocking vulnerability…Put in other words, it’s a huge opportunity
for the security software industry…
5. Deployment of IPv6..
6. Sensor Energy…
7. Lack of common standards…
Barriers and challenges are not insurmountable….It is only a matter
of time before they are worked out…..
