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Recruiting SolutionsRecruiting SolutionsRecruiting Solutions
Recommending Jobs You May Be Interested In
Anuj Goyal
Recommendations at LinkedIn
Anuj
§  About LinkedIn
§  Search vs. Recommendations
§  Recommendation Opportunities
§  Evaluating Job Recommendations
§  Job Recommendation Algorithm
§  Challenges
§  Summary
2
Overview
270+ M
Company Pages
>3M
*
Professional searches in 2012
~5.7B
90%Fortune 100 Companies
use LinkedIn to hire
*
*as of March 31, 2014
New Members joining
~2/sec
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
3
World’s largest professional network
Over 65% of members are now international
4
Recommendation Versus Search
Explicit
Implicit
The Recommendations Opportunity
5
6
50%7
Value of Recommendations
Job Recommendations
8
9
Jobs You May be Interested In
Evaluation
§  Upside metrics
–  Are users getting relevant jobs?
§  Downside metrics
–  Are users getting offending jobs?
10
Evaluation - Upside
§  Total Job Views (Clicks)
§  Total Applications
§  Total Viewers
§  Total Applicants
11
Evaluation - Downside
§  Applications per Click
§  Clicks per Impression
§  Applications per Impression
§  Expert Judgments
12
User Features & Recommendation Algorithm
14
Positions
Education
Summary
Experience
Skills
User Features
Corpus StatsCandidate Jobs
User Base
title
geo
company
industry
description
functional area
…
Candidate
General
expertise
specialties
education
headline
geo
experience
Current Position
title
summary
tenure length
industry
functional area
…
Similarity
(candidate expertise, job description)
0.56
Similarity
(candidate specialties, job description)
0.2
Transition probability
(candidate industry, job industry)
0.43
Title Similarity
0.8
Similarity (headline, title)
0.7
.
.
.
derived
Matching
Binary
Exact matches:
geo, industry,
…
Soft
transition
probabilities,
similarity,
…
Text
Recommendation Algorithm
Transition probabilities
Connectivity
yrs of experience to reach title
education needed for this title
…
15
Job Collection
Challenges & Feature Engineering
Challenge: Entity Resolution
17
‘IBM’ has 13000+ variations
-  ibm – ireland
-  ibm research
-  T J Watson Labs
-  International Bus. Machines
Are All Companies The Same?
18
-  Software Engineer
-  Technical Yahoo
-  Member Technical Staff
-  Software Development Engineer
-  SDE
Are All Titles The Same?
19
Same company with
different name
Same name but
different companies
Name Variations for IBM?
“Orion” refers to 20 diff. companies
large scale: 100M+ members, 2M+ company entities
IBM: Intl Brotherhood of Magicians
~ 13000
Challenges – Entity Resolution
20
§  Binary classifier (LR), not
ranker
§  P({position, company
entity} is a match)
§  Features
§  Content
§  Social
§  Behavior
§  Company candidate set
leveraged from Social
graph and cosine
similarity 97% Precision
at 50% Coverage
Asonam’11, KDD’11
Challenges – Entity Resolution
21
Precision Coverage
Challenges – Geo Location
22
§  Zip code mapped to Regions
§  How sticky are those locations?
Feature Engineering – Sticky locations
23
§  Open to relocation ?
§  Region similarity based on profiles or network
§  Region transition probability
§  Predict individuals propensity to migrate and most
likely migration target
Feature Engineering – Sticky locations
24
Feature Engineering – The Network effect
25
Hybrid Recommendation
Title : Research Engineer
Company : Yahoo!
Location : CA,USA
Skills : Stats, ML, Java
Title : Data Scientist
Company : Samsung
Location : PA,USA
Skills : Stats, R
Title : Analyst
Company : Microsoft
Location : CA, USA
Skills : R, ML
Title : Research Engineer <1>, Data Scientist <1>, Analyst
<1>
Company : Yahoo<1>, Samsung<1>, Microsoft<1>
Location : CA,USA <2>, PA,USA<1>
Skills : Stats<2>, ML<2>, R<2>, Java<1>
Applicant Features
Distribution
Data Scientist / Senior Data Scientist
San Jose
26
Information Gain
Pick Top K overrepresented features from the
applicants distribution
A representative projection of the job in the
member feature space
27
Hybrid Recommendation
§  Why Jobs Recommendations are Different
§  Recommendation Algorithm
§  Challenges
–  Entity Resolution
–  Location Resolution
28
Summary
Questions?
Contact:
agoyal@linkedin.com
We’re Hiring!
http://data.linkedin.com/
Thank You!
29

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  • 2. §  About LinkedIn §  Search vs. Recommendations §  Recommendation Opportunities §  Evaluating Job Recommendations §  Job Recommendation Algorithm §  Challenges §  Summary 2 Overview
  • 3. 270+ M Company Pages >3M * Professional searches in 2012 ~5.7B 90%Fortune 100 Companies use LinkedIn to hire * *as of March 31, 2014 New Members joining ~2/sec 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 3 World’s largest professional network Over 65% of members are now international
  • 6. 6
  • 9. 9 Jobs You May be Interested In
  • 10. Evaluation §  Upside metrics –  Are users getting relevant jobs? §  Downside metrics –  Are users getting offending jobs? 10
  • 11. Evaluation - Upside §  Total Job Views (Clicks) §  Total Applications §  Total Viewers §  Total Applicants 11
  • 12. Evaluation - Downside §  Applications per Click §  Clicks per Impression §  Applications per Impression §  Expert Judgments 12
  • 13. User Features & Recommendation Algorithm
  • 15. Corpus StatsCandidate Jobs User Base title geo company industry description functional area … Candidate General expertise specialties education headline geo experience Current Position title summary tenure length industry functional area … Similarity (candidate expertise, job description) 0.56 Similarity (candidate specialties, job description) 0.2 Transition probability (candidate industry, job industry) 0.43 Title Similarity 0.8 Similarity (headline, title) 0.7 . . . derived Matching Binary Exact matches: geo, industry, … Soft transition probabilities, similarity, … Text Recommendation Algorithm Transition probabilities Connectivity yrs of experience to reach title education needed for this title … 15 Job Collection
  • 16. Challenges & Feature Engineering
  • 18. ‘IBM’ has 13000+ variations -  ibm – ireland -  ibm research -  T J Watson Labs -  International Bus. Machines Are All Companies The Same? 18
  • 19. -  Software Engineer -  Technical Yahoo -  Member Technical Staff -  Software Development Engineer -  SDE Are All Titles The Same? 19
  • 20. Same company with different name Same name but different companies Name Variations for IBM? “Orion” refers to 20 diff. companies large scale: 100M+ members, 2M+ company entities IBM: Intl Brotherhood of Magicians ~ 13000 Challenges – Entity Resolution 20
  • 21. §  Binary classifier (LR), not ranker §  P({position, company entity} is a match) §  Features §  Content §  Social §  Behavior §  Company candidate set leveraged from Social graph and cosine similarity 97% Precision at 50% Coverage Asonam’11, KDD’11 Challenges – Entity Resolution 21 Precision Coverage
  • 22. Challenges – Geo Location 22
  • 23. §  Zip code mapped to Regions §  How sticky are those locations? Feature Engineering – Sticky locations 23
  • 24. §  Open to relocation ? §  Region similarity based on profiles or network §  Region transition probability §  Predict individuals propensity to migrate and most likely migration target Feature Engineering – Sticky locations 24
  • 25. Feature Engineering – The Network effect 25
  • 26. Hybrid Recommendation Title : Research Engineer Company : Yahoo! Location : CA,USA Skills : Stats, ML, Java Title : Data Scientist Company : Samsung Location : PA,USA Skills : Stats, R Title : Analyst Company : Microsoft Location : CA, USA Skills : R, ML Title : Research Engineer <1>, Data Scientist <1>, Analyst <1> Company : Yahoo<1>, Samsung<1>, Microsoft<1> Location : CA,USA <2>, PA,USA<1> Skills : Stats<2>, ML<2>, R<2>, Java<1> Applicant Features Distribution Data Scientist / Senior Data Scientist San Jose 26
  • 27. Information Gain Pick Top K overrepresented features from the applicants distribution A representative projection of the job in the member feature space 27 Hybrid Recommendation
  • 28. §  Why Jobs Recommendations are Different §  Recommendation Algorithm §  Challenges –  Entity Resolution –  Location Resolution 28 Summary