Human Anatomy, Head & Neck Anatomy, Scalp, Galea Aponeurotica

1. SCALP
Dr. Ankur Saxena
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Anatomy,
SGRR Institute of Medical & Health Sciences,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

2. Scalp

3. • Covering of Neurocranium.
• Extension:-
– Supraorbital margins Anteriorly.
– Highest Nuchal Line Posteriorly.
– Down to the ears at the sides.
S = Skin.
C = Connective Tissue.
A = Aponeurosis With Muscles.
L = Loose Areolar Tissue.
P = Pericranium.

5. (Connective tissue)

6. • Skin –
– Thickest
– Hairiest & High concentration of Sebaceous glands.
– Insertion of Muscle fibers.
– Adhered by Connective tissue underneath to the
Muscles & Aponeurosis.
– Nerves & Vessels run in this layer.

8. • Occipitofrontalis = Occipitalis & Frontalis
• Intervening Aponeurosis = Epicranial aponeurosis
= Galea Aponeurotica (Ex. Occ. Pro + Nuchal lines)
• Occipitalis Frontalis
• Highest nuchal line Front of aponeurosis
• Into the Aponeurosis Orb. Oculi+ Eyebrow
Post. Auricular N Temporal N.

9. • Beneath the Muscle & Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue.
• Avulsion.
• Subaponeurotic space extends down beneath
Orbicularis oculi into the eyelids.

10. • Bleeding anywhere beneath the aponeurosis.
• Pericranium – Periosteum of the Vault.
Loosely attached to the bone.
Subperiosteal Hematoma.

12. • Vascular Supply-
Arteries
External Carotid Internal Carotid
Occipital Supratrochlear
Posterior Auricular Supraorbital
Superficial Temporal
Arterial wall attached to the dense connective tissue

13. Veins
Supraorbital + Supratrochlear
Angular Vein
Superficial Temporal Vein
Retromandibular Vein

14. Occipital Veins
Plexus around Suboccipital Muscle
Vertebral Vein
Posterior Auricular Vein
External Jugular Vein(Behind the ear)

15. Lymphatic Drainage
Anterior Posterior
Occipital Nodes
Posterior Auricular Nodes
Pre-Auricular (Parotid) Nodes
Deep Cervical Chain

16. Nerve Supply
• Posteriorly
– Greater occipital Nerve (p C2) : Vertex
– Third Occipital Nerve (p C3) : Posterior Scalp
Behind the ear : Lesser Occipital (a C2).
Great Auricular nerve
Temple : Auriculotemporal Nerve.
Zygomaticotemporal Nerve.
Forehead : Supratrochlear nerve.
Supraorbital nerve.

18. APPLIED ANATOMY