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Solid Waste Management in Airports: A case study of
Bangalore International Airport
“Airports generate enormous volume of solid waste
from its operations and is evolving as a major
challenge for the airport operators in complying with
the environmental norms and in conserving zero
waste environments for its users.”
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2. I. Introduction
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Bangalore International Airport: The Latest Greenfield
Airport In India
• Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) is a public limited
company formed under Public Private Partnership (PPP) to build, own and
operate Bangalore's green-field airport.
• Private promoters hold 74% stake in BIAL while the government holds the
remaining 26%.
• BIAL is committed to establish this airport as one of India's leading airport
in terms of service quality and efficiency.
• ASQ (Airport Service Quality) is a qualitative international benchmarking
exercise under ACI (Airports Council International) for airport customer
satisfaction, with 140 participating airports across 46 countries.
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• BIA has been scoring consistently high rankings, especially in two
parameters relevant to this paper as indicated below.
ASQ score details (score out of 5.00)
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II. Solid Waste Management In Airports
A. What is waste??
The definition of waste by Zero Waste America is considered relevant to the
topic of study:"A resource that is not safely recycled back Into the environment or the market
place”.
B. Sources & Types of Solid Waste in Airports:
1. Municipal Solid Waste: From air crafts, from sweeping runways, roads
and Parking bays, from offices, commercial outlets, ground
handlers, cargo handlers, caterers and other concessionaires etc.
2. Industrial Waste: From ground handlers, cargo
village, hangers, workshops, maintenance units etc.
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3. Hazardous Waste: From air crafts, equipment workshops, fuel
suppliers, cargo handlers, ground handlers, hangers etc.
4. Hospital Waste: From dispensaries, medical facilities and first aid
units.
5. Construction and Demolition Waste: From various expansion and
maintenance works in airfield, landside, terminals and other buildings.
6. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment: From maintenance
units, IT systems, terminals, offices and commercial buildings.
7. Agricultural Waste: From the turned lands, gardening and horticulture
works on the landside and airfield etc.
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C. Barriers for effective waste Management in Indian
Airports
1.
Low public awareness among its users who are from diverse socio
economic and cultural segments.
2.
Financial and technical constraints.
3.
Poorly managed waste handling mechanism by airport operators and its
concessionaires.
4.
Lack of uniform policies and strategies on solid waste management in
airports across the country.
5.
Shattered responsibilities amongst airport operators, airlines,
concessionaires and other agencies.
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6.
Lack of centralized monitoring system and punitive regulations.
7.
Being a low priority item to the licensing authorities and economic
regulators.
8.
Lack of planning for waste management while constructing airports.
9.
Lack of technically trained manpower.
10. Lack of community involvement in airport operational matters
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III. FOD MANAGEMENT IN AIRPORTS
A. What is FOD??
• Foreign Object Damage (FOD) to airplanes is any damage
attributed to a Foreign Object Debris (FOD) that can be
expressed in physical or economic terms that may or may not
degrade the product's required safety and/or performance
characteristics.
• It causes damage through direct contact with aircrafts such as
by cutting aircraft tires or being ingested into engines, or as a
result of being thrown by jet blast and damaging other
aircrafts, vehicles, equipment or injuring people.
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9. B. Cause of FOD
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FOD damage is caused by bird strikes, stones, aircraft maintenance tool, nut
& bolt, cleaning cloths, pieces of luggage and any other metal or non-metal
components left on taxiways/runways.
C. Consequences
It is estimated that FOD costs the aerospace industry some US$13 billion per year
towards repair of aircraft engines in addition to significant damage to aircraft and may
sometimes cause death or injury to airport workers, crews and passengers
FOD damages to aircraft engines
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10. D. FOD Management
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The goal of FOD management is to ensure ground and flight safety and
preservation of private and national assets through systematic monitoring and
controlling the FOD in airfields.
E. Where to Drop FOD?
• Non-hazardous FOD to be dropped in FOD bins (orange in color)
provided at aircraft stands and operational areas.
• Hazardous FOD to be disposed of by the user at hazardous waste
disposal center located at the airfield or on landside.
Non-hazardous and hazardous FOD bins
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V. INFRASTRUCTURE AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS
A. Cleaning and Waste Management Infrastructures
1. Mechanized Runway/Road sweepers BIAL has total 5 mechanized
sweepers, four of them imported and one Indian machine, to take care the
sweeping operations on airfield and landside.
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2. Facade Cleaning Equipments
BIAL has many imported facade access equipment and cleaning
devices as listed below to ensure proper glass cleaning works.
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13. 3. Cleaning Equipments in Buildings
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4.Waste Disposal Infrastructure
a. There are three covered mini trucks effecting as the primary
waste accumulations points cum mode of transport of waste to
main waste handling center.
b. There are two covered hazardous waste centers one each in
airfield and landside .
c. Main covered waste center located at landside function as
centralized waste segregation center and solid waste disposal
unit for the whole airport.
d. Workshop facility to service and repair all cleaning equipment
and machineries is available with BIAL.
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CLEANING AND WASTE HANDLING PROCESS
Cleaning and waste handling in Terminal Building and Landside.
1. Color Coded Cleaning System
Sl. No.
Colored
cloth/Sponge
scrubber
Area of usage
Issued to
1.
Blue
Offices and non
toilet areas
Office cleaning
staff other non
toilet area staff
2.
Yellow
Toilet areas at
Vanity &
Washbasin
counters.
Toilet cleaning
staff
3.
Red
Toilet cubicles and Toilet cleaning
urinal areas
staff
4.
Green
Glass and frames
cleaner
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Glass cleaning
staff
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B. Cleaning and waste handling on airfield
The process followed on airfield is more or less same as the process in
landside except more extensive and well coordinated mechanized sweeping
operation on apron stands, runway and taxiways.
The cleaning schedule is worked out in consultation with Aerodrome
Operations Control Centre (AOCe), Apron Control and Aviation Safety
departments based on the flight movements.
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WASTE DISPOSAL PROCESS
Collection & Transportation of Non- Hazardous Waste
Three numbers light goods (WD) vehicles are positioned near Passenger
Terminal Building, Landside Ancillary Buildings and on airside as Primary
Waste Collection Points for acceptance of waste from buildings and
surroundings. In regular intervals, once the vehicles are filled up to 75% 85%, the waste is transferred to Main Collection Hub (Dump Yard).
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Collection & Transportation a/Hazardous Waste
1.
2.
3.
Standard color hazardous waste bins are positioned at designated places
near each building/facility for collection of Hazardous waste.
The accumulated hazardous waste is transported by the trained personal
to Hazardous Waste Center at Landside.
Further handling is carried out by the designated agency to dispose it off
in approved scientific manner.
Waste Weighing Survey
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SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PROCESS
• Solid Waste processing partner TERRA FIRMA scientific
processing of the solid waste as per the guidelines of MoEF
and KSPCB.
• Solid Waste Process flow
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PERSISTANT ISSUES BEYOND BIAL CONTROL
Role of Aerodrome Environment Management company
Involving community
1. Public Awareness Programs
BIAL conducts regular awareness programs and poster campaign on bird
hazard and garbage discipline in the nearby villages, schools and
panchayat meetings, thus educating the school children and villagers to
maintain proper garbage discipline.
2. Painting competition
BIAL conducted painting competition on the subject of aviation safety in all
village schools to spread the awareness about the threats of improper waste
handling and related bird menace to safe aircraft operation
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3. 100 years, 100 miles and 100 smiles
Year 2011 being the centenary of Indian civil aviation, BIAL picked up 100
children from the nearby villages and from the deprived society to take them
over to the skies. On 25th March 2011, a special aircraft flew the kids up to
Mysore and back along with their most favorite film star on board. This has
broken the villagers' 'we don't fly, so why to bother about air safety' approach
and made them more aware about the threats arising out of improper waste
management
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24. CONCLUSION
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BIAL could overcome the barriers for improper waste management in
Indian airports as a result of its robust commitments to legal
compliances and its corporate social responsibilities.
BIAL has made capital investments to the tune of INR 150 Mio for this
purpose and incurs an operational expenditure of over INR 70 Mio per
annum to maintain a clean and waste free airport environment.
It spends INR 4 Mio alone for the scientific disposal of solid waste.
The process adopted by BIAL in managing the solid waste has been
recognized and appreciated by the regulating authorities and is now
emerging as a benchmark for other Indian airports.
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