An increasing number of Consumer and Internet Internet of Things applications require some form of edge computing characterised by low latency, peer-to-peer communication, and mobility. Fog computing has recently emerged as the paradigm to address the needs of edge computing in IoT applications. Fog computing complements Cloud computing to allow the design and implementation of IoT systems that scale better, are more reactive and in which local communication and decision is enabled whenever possible. This presentation introduces the key concepts behind Fog Computing, compare and contrast it with Cloud Computing and explain how the VORTEX platform enables Fog computing architectures.

1. Fog Computing with VORTEX
Angelo
Corsaro,
PhD
Chief
Technology
Officer
PrismTech
OMG
DDS
Co-­‐Chair
OMG
Architectural
Board
angelo.corsaro@prismtech.com

2. 50.1B-2020

3. Copyright PrismTech, 2014

4. Problem with Clouds?

5. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Cloud Computing Limitations
Connectivity to the Cloud is a pre-requisite of cloud computing.
- Some IoT systems need to be able to work even when
connection is temporarily unavailable or under degraded
connection
Cloud computing assumes that there is enough bandwidth to
collect the data
- That can become an overly strong assumptions for Industrial
Internet of Things applications
Cloud computing centralises the analytics thus defining the
lower bound reaction time of the system
- Some IoT applications won’t be able to wait for the data to get
to the cloud, be analysed and for insights to get back
[source: http://on.wsj.com/1saV1xU]

6. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Not Always Connected
Driver assistance applications can’t rely on a
connection to the cloud to be always
available
Cloud computing is useful in offloading some
computations, but other decisions that
require short reaction time, or that have to be
taken on a decentralised fashion can’t rely on
the cloud

7. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Not Always Enough Bandwidth
For some Industrial Internet of Things
applications it is just not realistic to
stream all data to a cloud

8. Fog Computing

9. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Why Fog?
Whereas the cloud is "up there" in the sky somewhere, distant and remote and
deliberately abstracted, the "fog" is close to the ground, right where things are
getting done.

10. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
What is Fog Computing
Fog computing is about computing on
the edge
In Fog computing devices
communicate peer-to-peer to
efficiently share/store data and take
local decisions
Fog Computing

11. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Fog and Cloud Computing
Fog and Cloud computing are
synergistic, not exclusive
IoT systems require both!
Device-to-Device
Communication
Fog Computing
Cloud Computing
Fog Computing
Cloud-to-Cloud
Communication
Fog Computing
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Device
Communication
Fog-to-Cloud
Communication

12. Fog & Cloud Computing
with VORTEX

13. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Introducing Vortex
VORTEX is a ubiquitous data sharing platform
for the Internet of Things providing scalable
end-to-end seamless, efficient, secure and
timely data sharing for IoT supporting device,
edge, gateways and cloud
VORTEX platform coverage, performance and
scalability make it the only viable choice from
consumer to demanding business critical,
industrial, real time, IoT applications
VORTEX simplifies IT/OT integration, and is the
only platform that holistically addresses IT and
OT requirements
Enterprise Systems
Application Platform
Edge Management/
Telemetry
Connectivity/
Transport
Sensors/
Things/
Devices
Ubiquitous Data Sharing
peer-to-peer, device-to-cloud, cloud-to-cloud

14. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
The VORTEX Platform
Specialised device implementations
optimally addressing requirements of OT
and IT platforms
VORTEX can readily deal with data
ingestion seamlessly integrating with
other protocols, e.g. MQTT, CoAP, etc.
VORTEX leverages the DDS standard for
interoperability and uniquely extends it
with support for Internet Scale systems,
mobility and Web 2.0 applications
Vortex Device
Tools
Integration
MaaS
Vortex Cloud

15. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
VORTEX Device
All VORTEX Device implementation, i.e.
OpenSplice, Café, Lite and Web are Fog
ready
VORTEX Device implementations feature
efficient peer-to-peer communication
VORTEX Device implementations are also
cloud-enabled, in the sense that they can
also communicate via VORTEX Cloud
Vortex Device

16. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
VORTEX Architecture
DTLS TLS
VORTEX Web
UDP TCP
IP
WebSocket
DDSI Wire Protocol
VORTEX Café
VORTEX Cloud
VORTEX Gateway
VORTEX Lite VORTEX OpenSplice
MQTT
AMQP
XMPP
HTTP
HBase
DMBS
TCP/IP,
UDP/IP
…
VORTEX Café
DDS API
DDS Security

17. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Cloud and Fog/Edge Computing
VORTEX supports both the
Cloud and the Fog
Computing Paradigm
VORTEX natively supports:
- Device-to-Device
Communication
- Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Device
Communication
Fog Computing
Cloud Computing
Fog Computing
Cloud-to-Cloud
Communication
Fog Computing
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Device
Communication
Fog-to-Cloud
Communication

18. VORTEX Abstractions

19. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Global Data Space
VORTEX provides a Distributed Data
Space abstraction where
applications can autonomously and
asynchronously read and write data
Its built-in dynamic discovery
isolates applications from network
topology and connectivity details
QoS
QoS
...
QoS
QoS
DDS Global Data Space
Data
Writer
Data
Writer
Data
Writer
Data
Reader
Data
Reader
Data
Reader
Data
Reader
Data
Writer
TopicA
TopicB
TopicC
TopicD

20. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Topic
A Topic defines a domain-wide information’s class
A Topic is defined by means of a (name, type, qos)
tuple, where
• name: identifies the topic within the domain
• type: is the programming language type
associated with the topic. Types are
extensible and evolvable
• qos: is a collection of policies that express
the non-functional properties of this topic,
e.g. reliability, persistence, etc.
QoS
QoS
QoS
QoS
Name
QoS
Topic
Type
...
TopicA
TopicB
TopicC
TopicD

21. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Support for fine grained
access control
Support for Symmetric and
Asymmetric Authentication
Standard Authentication,
Access Control, Crypto, and
Logging plug-in API
Security
Arthur Dent
Arthur Dent
Ford Prerfect
Zaphod Beeblebrox
Trillian
Marvin
A(r,w), B(r)
A(r,w), B(r,w), X(r)
*(r,w)
A(r,w), B(r,w), C(r,w)
*(r)
Ford Prerfect
Zaphod Beeblebrox
Trillian
Marvin
A
B
A,B
X
*
*
A,B,C
Identity Access Rights
Sessions are authenticated
and communication is
encrypted
Only the Topic included as
part of the access rights are
visible and accessible

22. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
DDS Entities
Domain (e.g. Domain 123)
Domain
Participant
Topic
Publisher
DataWrter
Subscriber
DataReader
Partition (e.g. “Telemetry”, “Shapes”, )
T1
T1 T3
Topic Instances/Samples
Ta
Tb
Tc
Tx
Ty
DomainParticipant: Provides access to a data cloud -- called a domain in DDS
Topic: Domain-wide definition of a kind of Information
Publisher/Subscriber: Provide scope to data sharing through the concept of partitions
DataReader/DataWriter: Allow to read/write data for a given topic in the partitions their Subscriber/Publisher are associated with.

23. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Chatting in Scala
import dds._
import dds.prelude._
import dds.config.DefaultEntities._
object Chatter {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val topic = Topic[Post]("Post")
val dw = DataWriter[Post](topic)
dw.write(new Post(“kydos”,”Using VORTEX.. It's pretty cool!”));
}
}

24. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Chatting in Scala
import dds._
import dds.prelude._
import dds.config.DefaultEntities._
object ChatLog {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val topic = Topic[Post]("Post")
val dr = DataReader[Post](topic)
dr listen {
case DataAvailable(_) => dr.read.foreach(println)
}
}
}

25. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Chatting in C++
#include <dds.hpp>
int main(int, char**) {
DomainParticipant dp(0);
Topic<Post> topic(“Post”);
Publisher pub(dp);
DataWriter<Post> dw(dp, topic);
dw.write(Post(“kydos”,”Using VORTEX.. It's pretty cool!”));
dw << Post(“kydos”,”Using operator << to post!”);
return 0;
}

26. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Chatting in C++
#include <dds.hpp>
int main(int, char**) {
DomainParticipant dp(0);
Topic<Post> topic(“Post”);
Subscriber sub(dp);
DataReader<Post> dr(dp, topic);
LambdaDataReaderListener<DataReader<Post>> lst;
lst.data_available = [](DataReader<Post>& dr) {
auto samples = data.read();
std::for_each(samples.begin(), samples.end(), [](Sample<Post>& sample) {
std::cout << sample.data() << std::endl;
}
}
dr.listener(lst);
return 0;
}

27. Deployment Models

28. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Fog + Cloud
Fog Computing Fog Computing
Fog Computing
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Peer-to-Peer
(Brokerless)
Device-to-Device
Communication
Device communicate peer-to-
peer within a fog-domain
and through Cloud
across fog-domains
Some device concurrently
communicate with peers
and the cloud

29. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Fog + Cloud-Link + Cloud
Device communicate peer-to-
peer within a fog-domain
A Cloud-Link controls
which data is exchanged
with the could
Fog Computing Fog Computing
Fog Computing
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Peer-to-Peer
(Brokerless)
Device-to-Device
Communication
Cloud-Link Cloud-Link

30. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Federated Fog
Fog Computing Fog Computing
Fog Computing
Peer-to-Peer
(Brokerless)
Device-to-Device
Communication
Cloud-Link
Cloud-Link
Fog domain are federated
by Cloud-Link instances
A Cloud-Link controls
which data is exchanged
with the could

31. Fog Computing
Use Cases

32. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Smart Vehicles
Enabling Vehicle to Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Cloud
communication to improve driver safety
Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication used to
prevent accident
Vehicle-to-Cloud communication used to
perform complex analysis on video

33. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
European Air Traffic Control
Connected With Vortex
The Single European Sky Initiative (SESAR)
has adopted DDS as the pan-European ATM
data sharing standard. Thus far, Italy and
France have adopted Vortex.
Flight Data Plans are shared in real-time
across Europe using VORTEX.
PENS: Pan European Network Service
FDP: Flight Data Processor
CWP: Controller Working Position
PENS
IPv6 network
SSM support
VORTEX is currently used by several nations
within and across Air Traffic Control Centers.
ITALY
FDP FDP
CWP
TOWER
DEVICE
FDP FDP
CWP
TOWER
DEVICE
FRANCE
FDP FDP
CWP
TOWER
DEVICE
ITALY
GERMANY
FDP FDP
CWP
TOWER
DEVICE

34. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
City of Nice’s Connected Boulevard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=neVyOTXB4eI
http://bit.ly/connected-boulevard

35. Copyright PrismTech, 2014
Concluding Remarks
VORTEX seamlessly support
Fog and Cloud Computing
Architectures
VORTEX data sharing
abstraction allows
application to be completely
abstracted from the
connectivity details!
Device-to-Device
Communication
Fog Computing
Cloud Computing
Fog Computing
Cloud-to-Cloud
Communication
Fog Computing
Device-to-Cloud
Communication
Device-to-Device
Communication
Fog-to-Cloud
Communication

36. Copyright PrismTech, 2014