2. ● Search engine optimization (SEO) is the
process of affecting the visibility of a web page
in a search engine's search results.
● As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines
work, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed
into search engines and which search engines are preferred by their
targeted audience.
● Optimizing a website may involve editing its content, HTML and associated
coding to both increase its relevance to specific keywords and to remove
barriers to the indexing activities of search engines.
● SEO is an unpredictable area. Techniques that worked great until recently may
already be history today, after some troublesome algorithm update from
Google.

3. ● Webmasters began optimizing sites for search engines in the mid-1990s.
● Initially, all webmasters needed to do was to submit the address of a page,
or URL, to the various engines which would send a "spider" to "crawl" that
page, extract links to other pages from it, and return information found on the
page to be indexed.
● The process involves a search engine spider downloading a page and
storing it on the search engine's own server, where a second program,
known as an indexer, extracts various information about the page, such as
the words it contains and where these are located, as well as any weight for
specific words, and all links the page contains, which are then placed into a
scheduler for crawling at a later date.

4. ● In the early Internet, search engines displayed in a search result - pages where was
find the description of the searching word. Since webmasters (owners of sites) made
abuse of this factor, the search engines have made more complex algorithms, which​
include:
● Text between tags <title> and </ title>
● Domain name
● HTML elements
● HTML tags
● Frequency of a keyword in the index and global
● Keyword synonyms
● ALT attributes for images
● Post links
● Total hyperlinks to and from a page
● Quality sites that link goes to a page
● Age of website

5. ● SEO consultants often offer SEO as a stand-alone service as part of a larger
marketing campaign.
● Because an effective SEO may require changes to the source code of the
site is recommended to be included in the initial development and design of
the site to get to be "Search Engine Friendly".
● The term "Search Engine Friendly" is used to describe designs, menus,
content management system and the basket of products that can be
optimized easily and effectively.
● It is said that Google has over 300 factors in composition results display
algorithm, which has created many controversies related to SEO tactics.

6. ● Site owners started to recognize the value of having their sites highly ranked and
visible in search engine results, creating an opportunity for both white hat and
black hat SEO practitioners.
●
An SEO technique is considered white hat if it conforms to the search
engines' guidelines and involves no deception.
● Black hat SEO attempts to improve rankings in ways that are disapproved of
by the search engines, or involve deception.One black hat technique uses text
that is hidden, either as text colored similar to the background, in an invisible
div, or positioned off screen.
● Search engines may penalize sites they discover using black hat methods, either by
reducing their rankings or eliminating their listings from their databases altogether.
Such penalties can be applied either automatically by the search engines' algorithms,
or by a manual site review. One example was the February 2006 Google removal of
both BMW Germany and Ricoh Germany for use of deceptive practices. Both
companies, however, quickly apologized, fixed the offending pages, and were
restored to Google's list.

7. ● A technology "White Hat" recently published is "friendly url". It talks about the
formatting in a smart way links to a website from a static structure dynamic form.
Thus, a site that contains the domain extension after a structure like:? Title = SEO &
action = view be renamed to / view / SEO. This solution is allowed because apache
extension called rewrite and can activate the file system .htaccess. More details
about how this feature uses the home address can be found on apache server.
● An example could be the following lines that need to write to the file. Htaccess:
RewriteEngine on
#This rule tells the server that http://www.exemplu.com/articole/web is index.php?
cat=articole&sect=web
RewriteRule ^articole/web$ index.php?cat=articole&sect=web [QSA,L]
#or for pages using regular expressions: ([a-z]+) will be $1, ([0-9]+) will be $2 [in
order from left to right]
#so, will be: http://www.exemplu.com/articole/web/cum_sa_optimizezi-2.html
RewriteRule ^articole/web/([a-z]+)-([0-9]+).html$ index.php?
cat=articole&sect=web&pag=$2 [QSA,L]

8. SEO tools
Google Keyword Tool
Open Site Explorer
Google Cache
Web Sniffer
CognitiveSEO
SEOmoz Toolbar (Mozbar)
SEOBook Toolbar
Wahanda Canonical Tag Viewer
Link Checker
SEOQuake
Flagfox
Word Count Plus