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Vietnamese Liberation of Cambodia in 1979
- 1. CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE Vietnamese Liberation of Cambodia, 1979
- 2. TIMELINE Cold War (1947-1991) Vietnam War (Nov 1955-April 1975) Cambodian Civil War (1967-1975) Cambodian Genocide (1975-1979)
- 3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION • ~2 million people killed (1975-1979) • Pol Pot, leader of Khmer Rouge
- 4. "It was genocide driven not by racial or religious hatred but by an ideology that had been incubated so fervently that it became insanity." PROBLEM DEFINITION: A LOOK AT THE NARRATIVES
- 5. MOTIVATIONS OF MARXIST-LENINIST REGIMES Leadership tends to exist within a paranoid political culture Usually creates a secret police and wages campaigns of terror against own people Both have existed within communist Russia, China,
- 6. STALINIST (USSR) vs. MAOIST (CHINA) REGIMES Stalinist communism emphasized material power Ex. Formal education, expertise, and technology Maoist communism was disdainful of material power Emphasized human will instead Historical ideologies within Vietnam lent themselves towards a Stalinist approach, whereas in Cambodia they lent themselves towards a Maoist approach This determined what was objectively possible in choosing a means towards a politically desired ends Globalized a regional struggle for power
- 7. CAUSES OF INVASION: PRIMARY Historical imperialism of Vietnamese leadership, yearning to become regional hegemon of the former French Indochina Reinforced by Stalinist emphasis on material power Five years of intermittent military attacks from Cambodian Khmer Rouge Irrational (weaker military and ally) fueled by Maoist view of human will
- 8. CAUSES OF INVASION: SECONDARY North Vietnam antagonism towards China Mistakenly assumes China is instigating Khmer Rouge attacks Begins aligning with USSR Expulsion and purge of Chinese ethnic minority Joins Soviet economic bloc, the Council for Economic Mutual
- 9. CAUSES OF INVASION: SECONDARY (cont.) China and Cambodian Khmer Rouge Reaction China becomes fearful Cambodia will fall under Soviet influence, so allies and supports Maoist Khmer Rouge regime Cambodia held historical feelings of inferiority and deep resentment of more powerful neighbors - desire to prove itself Continues and fails incursions against Vietnam Failures generate paranoid delusions of an internal enemy at fault Purges own military ranks
- 10. UNITED STATES PERSPECTIVE Geopolitical ideological conflict Cold War & anti- Communism Choosing the lesser evil Vietnam violating Cambodia’s sovereignty Sided with Khmer Rouge to strengthen alliance with
- 11. CAMBODIAN PERSPECTIVE Thankful to be liberated from Khmer Rouge but did not get desired freedom Vietnam occupied Cambodia until 1989 “Why are you still here?”
- 12. OTHER INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES Khmer Rouge in UN seat for years End of Cold War End of Khmer Rouge backings
- 13. CITATION Morris, Stephen J. Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1999. Print. Kiernan, Ben. "The Cambodian Genocide and Imperial Culture.” 90 Years of Denial.(2005) Morris, Brett S. "Jacobin.” Jacobin Nixon and the Cambodian Genocide Comments. 27 Apr 2015. Murphy, Jarrett. "Remembering the Killing Fields.” CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 15 Apr. 2000. WEBSITES VIDEOS Cambodia: Anatomy of a Genocide Cambodian Genocide Program Vietnamese Liberation of Cambodia Vietnamese Invasion in 1979 The Killing Fields
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Our presentation is about the Cambodian Genocide but we are specifically looking at the the end of it
- The end of the genocide by Vietnam as been called “liberation,” “Invasion,” “Intervention” No one could get inside Cambodia so facts & perspective gets skewed The international community did not know what really happened during the four years of Khmer Rouge rule (“Remembering the Killing Fields”) Broader Implications for Other Genocides/Mass Atrocities: State sovereignty vs. R2P/Intervention Justifications Narratives for Action “Alternative Definition”: Importance of Looking at all the Narratives
- (These were irrational actions if not viewed in light of ideological differences - Vietnam could have remained neutral and received economic aid from both powers, much needed for war against U.S. and post war reconstruction. However China became an enemy because it’s marxist-leninism was seen as unorthodox, and it was beginning to be economically aligned with US, Vietnam’s enemy.)
- (Further weakening of Khmer Rouge and support of USSR combined with imperialist yearnings all encouraged Vietnam invasion. Not a desire to stop rights violations of Khmer rouge), ALSO an alternative problem definition, had Vietnam remained neutral with China, they could have used them as a mediator to stop Khmer Rouge attacks.
- The genocide the KR had orchestrated was over, but now self-serving foreign parties, including the United States and China, chose to support the KR guerrillas in their campaign against the Vietnamese occupation, as part of an overall policy of isolating Vietnam. (“Nixon & The Cambodian Genocide”) It was not until 1997 “that the United States gave the green light to go after the elusive Khmer Rouge leader [Pol Pot].” Trials for KR leaders would have proven uncomfortable for multiple parties, not least for some in Washington. (“Nixon & The Cambodian Genocide”) Citing Vietnam’s occupation of Cambodia (1979-89), Washington blocked development aid to Cambodia from the UN, the World Bank, and the IMF, and pressured UN agencies to supply the Khmer Rouge camps on the Thai border. (“The Cambodian Genocide & Imperial Culture”) Feed the KR to fight the Vietnamese
- In recognizing them as the legitimate government of Cambodia and seating them at the United Nations, the United States, China, and several other European and Asian countries also gave diplomatic support to the KR. (“Nixon & The Cambodian Genocide”) U.S. and Chinese support for Pol Pot continued long after Hanoi’s 1979 invasion ended the genocide and established the Cambodian regime that came to be led by Hun Sen.