1. Bosnia and Herzegovina welcomes Chinese investments
波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳（波黑）欢迎中国的
投资
Specially prepared for Shenzhen Energy
特为深圳能源
Amel Kovačević, Ambassador
阿梅尔 · 科瓦切维奇 波黑驻华大使
2. Europe 欧洲
•面积 : 51,197 平方千
米
•首都 : 萨拉热窝
•人口： 460 万
•联合国安理会成员
•欧洲理事会成员
•正在申请加入欧盟
•人均 GDP (2011) ：
3426 欧元
•过去 6 年内， GDP 平
均年增长率为 3.31%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
波黑在欧洲的地理位置
3. 2011- The year of recovery for BH economy
2011 年，波黑经济复苏年
Bosnia and Herzegovina
General Economic Indicators*
in million of Euros 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011**
Nominal GDP 8200 8800 9900 11100 12600 12300 12650 13200
GDP per Capita in Euros 2122 2283 2564 2898 3289 3194 3293 3426
Real Growth Rate 6.30% 3.90% 6% 6.20% 5.70% -0.29% 0.70% 1.80%
Industrial Production Growth Rate 9% 10% 11% 10% 9.20% -3.30% 1.60% 6.10%
Average Inflation on Annual Level 0.40% 3.80% 6.10% 1.50% 7.40% -0.40% 3.10% 3.80%
BH Unemployment Rate 43.20% 43% 31% 29% 23.40% 24.10% 27.10% 27.60%
Average Net Wages in Euros 258 275 300 322 385 404 408 416
Foreign Debt 2.061 2.218 2.081 2.025 2.168 2.658 3.195 3.323
Foreign Debt / GDP 25.1% 25.2% 21.0% 18.2% 17.2% 21.6% 25.3% 25.2%
Current Account Deficit -1443.17 -1499.67 -769.65 -1156.18 -1797.7 -761.57 -761.82 -1073.71
CAD/GDP 17.60% 17.04% 7.77% 10.41% 14.27% 6.19% 6.02% 8.13%
Exports 1676.94 2087.25 2687.24 3091.54 3522 2920.25 3761.93 4333.81
Export Growth 28.70% 24.10% 28.70% 15.04% 13.92% -17.08% 28.82% 15.20%
Imports 5354.50 6092.92 6093.07 7233.58 8344.63 6330.11 7020.81 8006.46
Imports Coverage 30.29% 32.15% 45.34% 42.72% 42.21% 44.80% 52,1% 54.12%
FDI 412 282 442 1329 684 180 174 240***
Foreign Reserves 1779 2160 2787 3425 3219 3176 3301 3118.9
* Source: Centra l Ba nk of Bos nia a nd Herzegovi na
** Prel imina ry figures
*** Prel imina ry figure for firs t three qua rters of 2011
4. 2011- The year of recovery for BH economy
2011 年，波黑经济复苏年
Signs of recovery 复苏迹象：
•The industrial output in 2011 increased by 6% on annual basis. 2011 年工
业产值同比增长 6%
• Exports in 2011 increased by 15.2 % on annual basis. 2011 年出口同比
增长 15.2%
•Growth of GDP by 1.8% on annual basis. GDP 年增长率为 1.8%
•Total foreign currency reserves reached EUR 3.118 billion at the end of
2011. 2011 年底，外汇储备高达 31.18 亿元
•External debt of BH is equivalent to EUR 3.323 billion account for 25.2% of
GDP 波黑外债约为 33.23 亿元，约占 GDP 总量的 25.2%
•Average annual inflation in BH in 2011 is 3.8%. 2011 年平均年通胀率
约为 3.8%
•The average net wage in BH in December 2011 was CNY 4000. 2011 年
12 月，波黑平均净工资为 4000 元
5. Low level of sovereign debt
Bosnia and Herzegovina
in million of Euros 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011**
Foreign Debt 2.061 2.218 2.081 2.025 2.168 2.658 3.195 3.323
Foreign Debt / GDP 25.1% 25.2% 21.0% 18.2% 17.2% 21.6% 25.3% 25.2%
Current Account Deficit -1443.17 -1499.67 -769.65 -1156.18 -1797.7 -761.57 -761.82 -1073.71
CAD/GDP 17.60% 17.04% 7.77% 10.41% 14.27% 6.19% 6.02% 8.13%
Conservative policy pays off
稳健的政策取得了成功
6. BH economy – Open economy
Bosnia and Herzegovina
in million of Euros 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011**
Exports 1676.94 2087.25 2687.24 3091.54 3522 2920.25 3761.93 4333.81
Export Growth 28.70% 24.10% 28.70% 15.04% 13.92% -17.08% 28.82% 15.20%
Imports 5354.50 6092.92 6093.07 7233.58 8344.63 6330.11 7020.81 8006.46
Imports Coverage 30.29% 32.15% 45.34% 42.72% 42.21% 44.80% 52,1% 54.12%
Major trading partners are EU and neighboring countries
欧盟和周边国家是其主要的贸易伙伴
7. Why invest in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
为什么在波黑投资？
Geostrategic position
重要的地理位置
Business friendly environment
友好的商业环境
Competitive industries
具有竞争力的产业
• Quality of Life
8. Geostrategic position
重要的地理位置
Bosnia and Herzegovina is the heart shaped land
that lies in the heart of southeast Europe.
波黑的地图是心型，位于欧洲东
南部的中心。
• Regional transport and energy corridors
地区的交通及能源枢纽
• Vicinity of and access to lucrative markets
靠近前景广阔的市场
10. Business friendly environment
友好的商业环境
Favorable trade and other agreements
有利的贸易及其他协定
• Favorable legislation 健全的法律体系
• Favorable tax and customs system
健全的关税系统
• Competitively priced labor force
相对廉价的劳动力
• Foreign Investors Support Fund
外商扶持基金
11. Preferential Trade and Other Agreements
优惠的贸易协定
Central European Free Trade
Agreement (CEFTA) - 30 mill
《中欧自由优惠贸易协定
》——三千万消费者市场
Free Trade Agreement with Turkey
- 70 mill
波黑和土耳其的自由贸易
协定——七千万消费者市
场
Preferential Trade
Agreement with EU, 27
countries - 500 mill 波黑和
欧洲联盟优惠贸易协定，包
括欧盟的 27 个国家——五亿
消费者市场
Preferential export regimes
with USA, Australia, New
Zealand, Switzerland, Norway,
Russia, Japan, Canada
波黑和美国、澳大利
亚、新西兰、瑞士、挪威、俄
罗斯、日本、加拿大的优惠出
口协定
Free Trade Agreements 自由贸易协定
12. Favorable trade and other agreements
AGREEMENTS ON PROMOTION AND PROTECTION AGREEMENTS ON AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE
OF INVESTMENTS TAXATION
AUSTRIA BELGIUM AND
BELGIUM CROATIA
LUXEMBOURG
BELARUS CROATIA CZECH REPUBLIC CHINA
CZECH REPUBLIC CHINA CYPRUS DENMARK
DENMARK EGYPT EGYPT FINLAND
FRANCE FINLAND
FRANCE GERMANY
GREECE GERMANY
HUNGARY ITALY
HUNGARY ITALY
IRAN MALAYSIA
IRAN INDIA
JORDAN KUWAIT MOLDOVA NORWAY
MACEDONIA MALAYSIA PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES
MOLDOVA NETHERLANDS POLAND ROMANIA
OPEC FUND PAKISTAN
SERBIA SLOVAKIA
PORTUGAL QATAR
SLOVENIA SWEDEN
ROMANIA SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM
SLOVENIA SWITZERLAND
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES MONTENEGRO
SPAIN SWEDEN
TURKEY USA (OPIC)
UKRAINE UNITED KINGDOM
14. Favourable Legislation
良好的法制环境
FDI Law 外国直接投资法
• National treatment of foreign investors
外商享受和国民同等的待遇
• Repatriation of profits
利润汇回本国
• Protection against nationalization, expropriation or similar
measures 防止国有化、征用及类似的情况
• Right to freely employ foreign nationals, subject to the labour
and immigration laws in B&H
根据波黑的《劳动法和移民法》，可以自由
雇佣外国劳动力。
• Rights and benefits for foreign investors may not be abolished
or denied by passing subsequent laws or regulations
外国投资者获取的权利与利益不会因为随后的法律和规
定而被废除或否认
15. Favourable Legislation
良好的法制环境
FDI Law 外国直接投资法
• Foreign investors may own real and enjoy the same
property rights in regards with real estate as locals
外国投资者和国内投资者一样，对不动产享
有同样的财产权
• Foreign capital in equipment is exempt from paying
import fees and customs duties (with the exception
of passenger cars, slot machines and gambling
machines).
外国投资者进口的设备免收关税（轿车，老
虎机和赌博机除外）
• Foreign investors may open accounts in any
commercial bank in domestic and/or in convertible
currency
外国投资者可以以本国货币或可兑换货币在
任何商业银行开户
16. Favourable Legislation
良好的法制环境
FDI Law 外国直接投资法
• Foreign investors who are worried about the risks involving
restrictions of transfer, expropriation, war, civil unrest and
denial of justice, may be insured against such risks with the
European Union Investment Guarantee Trust Fund for BiH,
run by MIGA agency (member of the World Bank Group –
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency).
波黑的联合国投资担保信托基金可以打消外国投资者的
一些顾虑，比如利润转移的限制、征用、战争、民众骚乱
和拒绝司法等，这一基金由世界银行下属成员多边投资担
保机构管理。
Corporative organization 公司架构
• There are no citizenship/nationality limitations for partners or
the members of the management and board of directors
17. Favorable Tax and Customs System
良好的关税系统
Tax system 税收系统：
Bosnia and Herzegovina 17
Serbia 18
Czech Republic 19
Slovakia 19
Romania 19
Poland 20
Croatia 22
• Unique VAT rate of 17% 增值税率是 17%
• Profit tax is 10% 利润税是 10%
• Favorable incentives and tax exemptions 良好的激励和免税政策
Customs system 关税系统
• Exemption from payment of customs duties for foreign investors
for the first five years 外商在头 5 年无需缴纳关税
• Customs rates 0-15% 海关税率是 0 到 15%
18. Competitively Priced Labour Force
相对廉价的劳动力
• Technologically-minded (long industrial tradition),
innovative spirit 拥有众多具有创新精神的技术型人才
• Excellent IT & foreign language skills (English,
German, South Slavic languages …) 精通 IT 知识，掌
握多门外语，如英语、德语、南斯拉夫语（包括很多种语
言）等等
• Cost-effective and regionally competitive labour force
with estimated monthly gross salaries as follows:
劳动力成本效益高，区域竞争力强，预计月毛工资如下：
• low skilled CNY 4,000 低技能人员 4000 元
• skilled CNY 6,500 高技能人员 6500 元
• engineer CNY 11,000 工程师 11000 元
• computer engineer CNY 16,000 计算机工程师 16000
元
20. Areas of economic cooperation that
should be explored by Chinese corporate
sector
中国公司可以开拓的经济合作领
域
•There is immediate opportunity for Chinese corporate
sector to take participation in development of our transport
infrastructure including construction of backbone highway
network.
中国公司可以直接参与交通基础设施的发展，包括建
设骨干公路网。
•Chinese corporations should be able to use leverage of
its technological superiority as well as domestic source of
soft funds competing for the projects.
中国公司可以利用自己先进的技术及本国的资金来竞
标。
21. 中国公司可以开拓的经济合作领
域
Power production is one of the most significant export
oriented sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with long
tradition and huge potentials and opportunities for
further development and investment.
发电是波黑最重要的以出口为导向的工业部门之一，
它的历史很长，潜力巨大，投资和发展的机会很多。
•There are concrete projects prepared by relevant
governmental bodies to build numerous hydro and
thermo power plants as well as wind farms.
波黑政府部门已经有具体的投资项目，如水力发电厂
，热力发电厂和风力发电厂等。
22. 中国公司可以开拓的经济合作领域
•Chinese reputation in this field is unequivocal and we
are very keen to see Chinese corporate players
interested to participate.
中国在这个领域有很好的口碑，我们非常欢迎
中国对此感兴趣的公司加入我们。
•Furthermore, there is great potential development of
mini hydro power plants with private sector as well.
此外，还有具有很大发展潜力的民营小型水力
发电厂项目。
23. Sectors to Consider Investing in BH
可以考虑的波黑投资领域
Other economic sectors with comparative advantages
in BH opened for Chinese investments are:
波黑对中国投资开放的具有相对优势的经济领域还有
：
•Wood processing industries 木材加工工业
•Texile & leather industries 纺织和皮革工业
•Agriculture & food processing 农业和食品加工业
•Machinery & automobile industries 机械和汽车工业
•Pharmaceutical industry 医药工业
•Tourism 旅游业
•Education 教育
24. Bosnian Chinese Friendship free industrial Zone
波黑与中国的友好自由贸易区
A free zone is part of the customs territory of Bosnia and
Herzegovina under special conditions in accordance with the
Law on Customs Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the
Law on Free Zones of B&H.
依据波黑关税法规和波黑自由贸易区法规下的特殊条款，
自由贸易区是波黑关税区的一部分。
•A founder of free zone can be one or more national or
foreign legal and natural persons and a user of free zone can
be the founder of free zone or any other legal and natural
persons.
自由贸易区的创始人可以是一个或多个国内或外国的法人
和自然人。自由贸易区的使用者可以是自由贸易区的创始
人或任何法人和自然人。
25. Bosnian Chinese Friendship free industrial Zone
波黑与中国的友好自由贸易区
Free zone shall be export oriented
自由贸易区是出口导向型的。
The users of free zone do not pay VAT and import
customs. Investment in the free zone, transfer of profit and
transfer of investment are free of charge.
自由贸易区使用者不需要缴纳增值税和进口关税。投资者
在自由区的投资，利润汇出及资金再转移都是免交关税的
。
Customs and tariffs are not paid on imports into the free
zone. The imports of equipment that will be used for
manufacturing within the free zone are exempt from paying
customs duties and fees.
除上述之外，自由区进口（包括自由区内的制造设备进口
）免关税。
26. 中国公司可以开拓的经济合作
领域
Bosnia is offering itself as a one of the strategic
gateways for Chinese firms into the lucrative
European Union as well as the Central European
markets, both of which have a consumer base of
up to 600 million and strong purchasing power.
波黑正成为中国公司进入欧盟及中欧市场的
战略途径，这两个市场利润丰厚，有着 6 亿
的消费者群体和很强的购买力。
27. 中国公司可以开拓的经济合作领
域
•That means, in principle, that anything produced
in Bosnia by Chinese corporations can be sold in
EU,CEFTA, Turkey without being subjected to
quotas, tariffs or customs duties.
根据《中欧自由贸易协定》，原则上所有在波
黑生产的产品可以卖到欧盟国家，且不受配额
和关税的限制。
