2. Outlines
• Overview of humoral immune responses
• Antigen recognition and antigen induced B
cell activation
• Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses
to protein antigens
• Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
3. Outlines
• Overview of humoral immune responses
• Antigen recognition and antigen induced B
cell activation
• Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses
to protein antigens
• Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
4. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
5. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
6. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
7. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
8. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
9. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
10. FIGURE 12-1 Phases of the humoral immune response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
11. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
12. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
13. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
14. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
15. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
16. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
17. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
18. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
19. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
20. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
21. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
22. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
23. FIGURE 12-2 .Primary and secondary humoral immune
responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
24. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types
of antibody responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
25. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types
of antibody responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
26. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types
of antibody responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
27. Outlines
• Overview of humoral immune responses
• Antigen recognition and antigen induced B
cell activation
• Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses
to protein antigens
• Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
28. Antigen recognition and antigen
induced B cell activation
• Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells
• Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other
Signals
• Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
29. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
30. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
31. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
32. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
33. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
34. FIGURE 12-4 Pathways of antigen delivery to follicular B
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
35. Antigen recognition and antigen
induced B cell activation
• Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells
• Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other
Signals
• Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
36. FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex..
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
37. FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex..
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
38. FIGURE 7-18 B cell antigen receptor complex..
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
39. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
40. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
41. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
42. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
43. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
44. FIGURE 7-19 Signal transduction by the BCR complex.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
45. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
46. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
47. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
48. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
49. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
50. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
51. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
52. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
53. FIGURE 12-5 Role of CR2 and Toll-like receptors in B cell
activation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
54. Antigen recognition and antigen
induced B cell activation
• Antigen Capture and Delivery to B Cells
• Activation of B Cells by Antigens and Other
Signals
• Functional Responses of B Cells to Antigens
55. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
56. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
57. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
58. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
59. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
60. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
61. FIGURE 12-6 Functional responses induced by antigen-
mediated cross-linking of the BCR complex.
62. Outlines
• Overview of humoral immune responses
• Antigen recognition and antigen induced B
cell activation
• Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses
to protein antigens
• Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
63. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
64. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
65. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune
responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
66. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune
responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
67. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune
responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
68. FIGURE 12-7 Sequence of events in humoral immune
responses to T cell–dependent protein antigens.
69. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
70. FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B
interaction.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
71. FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B
interaction.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
72. FIGURE 12-8 Migration of B cells and helper T cells and T-B
interaction.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
73. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
74. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
75. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
76. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
77. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
78. FIGURE 12-9 Antigen presentation on B cells to helper T
cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
79. Hapten-carrier effect
• First
: Hapten-specific B cells
: Protein (carrier)–specific helper T cells
• Second
: Hapten & carrier portions :physically linked
• Third
: Interaction is class II MHC restricted
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
80. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
83. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB
and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
84. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB
and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
85. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB
and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
86. FIGURE 7-24 Signaling through the TNF receptor can result in NF-κB
and MAP kinase activation or in the induction of apoptotic death.
87. Latent
membrane
protein 1
of EBV
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
88. Latent
membrane
protein 1
of EBV
Trigger B cell
prolifertion
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
89. Latent
membrane
protein 1
of EBV
Trigger B cell
prolifertion
Lymphoma
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
90. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
91. Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• Provides an early antibody response to protein
antigens
• Produce low-affinity antibodies that can circulate
and limit the spread of an infection
• Sets up the formation of the more slowly
developing but more effective germinal center
response
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
92. Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• Helps generate follicular helper T cells (TFH cells)
that migrate into the follicle
• The antibody-secreting cells that are generated in
extrafollicular foci, including
1.Circulating plasmablasts
2.Tissue plasma cells
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
93. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Sequence of Events During T Cell–Dependent
Antibody Responses
• Initial Activation and Migration of Helper B Cells and
T Cells
• Antigen Presentation by B Cells and the Hapten-
Carrier Effect
• Role of CD40L:CD40 Interaction in T-Dependent B Cell
Activation
• Extrafollicular B Cell Activation
• The Germinal Center Reaction
94. FIGURE 12-11 Germinal centers in secondary lymphoid
organs.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
95. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
96. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
97. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
98. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
99. FIGURE 12-12 The germinal center reaction in a lymph node.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
100. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells
• Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
• Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting
Plasma Cells
• Generation of Memory B Cells
• Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
101. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell
generation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
102. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell
generation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
103. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell
generation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
104. FIGURE 12-13 Molecular events in follicular helper T cell
generation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
105. Follicular helper T cell
• Secrete cytokines
1. IL-21
2. IFN-γ
3. IL-4
4. Low levels of IL-17
all of these cytokines participate in isotype switching
106. Interleukine-21
• Required for germinal center development
• Contributes to the generation of plasma cells
in the germinal center reaction
• Facilitates germinal center B cell selection
events and the differentiation of activated B
cells into plasmablasts
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
107. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells
• Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
• Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting
Plasma Cells
• Generation of Memory B Cells
• Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
108. FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
109. FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
110. FIGURE 12-14 Ig heavy chain isotype switching.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
111. Selective deficiency of IgA production
• Inherit mutant versions of the TACI gene,
which encodes a receptor for cytokines of the
TNF family, BAFF and APRIL.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
112. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
113. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
114. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
115. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
116. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
117. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
118. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
119. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
120. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
121. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
122. Figure 3-9 Diagram of human immunoglobulin (Ig) class
switch recombination from IgM or IgD expression to IgE.
Jelinek DF.,Li JT. Middleton's Allergy ; 8th edition. 2014. p. 30-44
123. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
124. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
125. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
126. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
127. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
128. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells
• Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
• Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting
Plasma Cells
• Generation of Memory B Cells
• Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
129. Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• First
: Clustered in the V regions
: Mostly in -binding CDR
• Second
: More mutations in IgG than in IgM
• Third
: Correlates with increasing affinities of the
AB for the Ag that induced the response.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
130. FIGURE 12-17 An overview of affinity maturation.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company.2015.
132. Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• First
:Antigen recognition by itself induces expression of anti-
apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family.
• Second
:High-affinity B cells will preferentially endocytose -->
--> Present antigen --> Interact with the limiting numbers
of TFH --> Signal via CD40L --> Promote the survival of the
B cells
• Third
:Some TFH cells express Fas ligand
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
133. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells
• Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
• Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting
Plasma Cells
• Generation of Memory B Cells
• Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
134. B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-
Secreting Plasma Cells
Short-lived plasma cells
• Generated during T-
independent responses and
early during T cell
dependent responses in
extrafollicular B cell foci
• Found in secondary
lymphoid organs and in
peripheral non-lymphoid
tissues.
Long-lived plasma cells
• Generated in T-dependent
germinal center responses
to protein antigens
• Signals from the B cell
antigen receptor and IL-21
cooperate in the generation
of plasma cells and their
precursors, called
plasmablasts.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
135. FIGURE 2-8 Morphology of plasma cells.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
136. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells
• Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
• Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting
Plasma Cells
• Generation of Memory B Cells
• Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
137. Generation of Memory B Cells
• Generated during the germinal center
reaction and are capable of making rapid
responses to subsequent introduction of
antigen.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
138. Helper T Cell-dependent antibody
responses to protein antigens
• The Induction of Follicular Helper T Cells
• Heavy Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
• Affinity Maturation: Somatic Mutation of Ig
Genes and Selection of High-Affinity B Cells
• B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting
Plasma Cells
• Generation of Memory B Cells
• Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
139. Role of Transcriptional Regulators in
Determining the Fate of Activated B Cells
• Bcl-6
• Blimp-1
• IRF4
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
140. Outlines
• Overview of humoral immune responses
• Antigen recognition and antigen induced B
cell activation
• Helper T Cell-dependent antibody responses
to protein antigens
• Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
141. Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
• Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T
Independent Antigens
• Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody
Responses
• Protection Mediated by T-Independent
Antibodies
142. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types
of antibody responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
143. FIGURE 12-3 Distinct B cell subsets mediate different types
of antibody responses.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
144. Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
• Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T
Independent Antigens
• Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody
Responses
• Protection Mediated by T-Independent
Antibodies
145. Mechanisms of T-Independent
Antibody Responses
• T-independent antigens are capable of
stimulating B cell proliferation and
differentiation in the absence of T cell help
• Most important TI antigens are
:Polysaccharides
:Glycolipids
:Nucleic acids
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
146. Antibody responses to T-independent
antigens
• Subsets of B Cells That Respond to T
Independent Antigens
• Mechanisms of T-Independent Antibody
Responses
• Protection Mediated by T-Independent
Antibodies
147. Protection Mediated by T Independent
Antibodies
• Bacterial cell wall polysaccharides
• Natural antibodies
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
148. Natural antibodies
• Low-affinity anti-carbohydrate antibodies
• Postulated to be produced by
1.Peritoneal B-1 cells
2.Marginal zone B cells in the spleen
• Protection against bacterial infections &Facilitate
phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
• Anti-ABO blood group antibodies
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.
149. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and molecular immunology. 8th ed.Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
Company.2015.