To my new student. ให้น้องหมาที่อุตสาห์มาเรียน

1. WK8 Agenda
• Project 8 per group: members by Jan 18, 2009
• Pick one topic for multiple comparison project:
religion, music, art, language and literature
• Discussion
• Byzantine Lecture
• Homework (-2 per week for late work)
• Amazing points
• Fishbone
• Exam Result

2. Byzantine Discussion
• What do you think of Byzantine?
• Where is it?
• When was it?
• Who do you know?
• Why should we know about it? Better Thai
than Byzantine?
• How did we know about it?

3. Byzantine, Medieval World
• Roman influenced: The Byzantine, Islamic,
and Early-Medieval Western Worlds
• No clear beginning date: successors of the
Roman empire, Constantine vs. Diocletian or
Justinian

4. Byzantine
• Geography Reasons for
moving:
– Political stability
– Economic advantage:
cross roads of Europe
and Asia
• Who moved the capital
city to here?
• How many church?
• What other cities do
you think of?

5. Early Byzantine
• Capital city at
Constantinople
• Constantine granted
Decree of Milan 313 AD.
– Equal rights between
Christian and Roman
– Christian could be
government official
– Christian could own asset
– Christian could practice
religious activities
• Official religion of empire
in 391 AD.

6. Early Byzantine
• Early Christian art:
– Mosaic
– archivolt
• Sant-Apollinare Nuovo
• St. John Studios
• Marble transenna or
screen
• Copied Greek literature
What’s the official
language?

7. Byzantine, 1st Golden Age
• Justinian 527-565 AD.
– Theodora
– Justinian fought hard to win
back the West (largest
empire)
– Active role in religion: “One
God, one empire, one
religion”
– Justinian Code: Corpus Juris
Civilis
• Foundation for most
European law
– Goal was to centralize
government
• Impose legal and
doctrinal conformity

8. Byzantine, 1st Golden Age
• Volts, Dome Basilica
• Pendentive architecture:
-Cathedral of Saint Sophia
(Holy Wisdom)
– Symbolize the inward and
spiritual character of the
Christian religion
– Little appearance on the outside
– Beautiful mosaics and marble
columns inside
– Lighting/windows : floating
– Dome in square
• Ivory carving: Justinian as
Conqueror: Barberini Ivory
• Jewelry making: gold
• Silk

9. Byzantine, 1st Golden Age
• Heraclius: 610-641 AD.
– Much greater Eastern influence
– Challenged by the Persian armies which
already won all the Asian territories

10. Iconoclastic Controversy
• Leo the Isaurian
(Iconoclastic emperor) 717-
741 AD.
– Defeated the Arab troop with
Greek fire: a mixture of
sulfur, naphtha and quicklime
– Enforced ban on images in
Eastern churches (Today
survival art works come from
Italy and Palestine)
• Result?
– East and West religious
disputes (patriarch vs.
pope)
– Images and Icons
• Education of women
– Tutoring at home

11. Second Golden Age
• Icon pictures
• Paris Psalter(Psalms of
David)
• St. Mark in Venice
– 4 square domes at the
corners
– More space
• Agriculture, Industrial
• International trade
– Import:
• Luxurious goods from the
East
– Export:
• Raw material

12. Second Golden Age
• 1054 AD:Greek Orthodox Separation
• 1060 AD: The holy land was under Muslim.
• 1071 AD Seljuks invasion: Battle of Manzikurt
• Byzantine asked help from Western Europe (Pope
Urban II)
• 1096-1099 AD: First Crusade
– France, German, and
Italy traveled 3 years to
Jerusalem and the
Outremer
• Saladin Muslim leader
fought back at Edessa
(2nd Crusade)

13. Late Byzantine
• 1189-1192 AD: 3rd Crusade:
Richard the lion heart of
England battled at Acre
• 1204-1261 AD: 4th Crusade:
Crusaders invaded
Constantinople and
governed for 60 years
– Templar, Teutonic, Hospitaller
• 1453 AD: End of the empire,
Sultan Mehmet II renovated
the city and renamed it to
Istanbul

14. Stability of the Byzantine
• Occasional able rulers
• Efficient bureaucratic government:
– Support education(opposite of the Latin West): literate laity
– Support religion
– Support economic: regulated prices and wages, maintained
system of licensing
What organization in the government will benefit from this
kind of structure?
• Firm economic base:
– Import:
• Far Eastern luxurious
– Export
• Silk, gold and silver coinage

15. Western Debt to Byzantine
• Acted as a wall for Europe against Islam
• Helped preserve classical Greek learning
• Influence western art: St. Mark’s basilica in
Venice, Giotto and El Greco works

16. Byzantine
Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Literature, Drama
Society Philosophy, Religion Sculpture, Architecture
Technology
395 AD Capital city at Byzantium or Edict of Milan, Spread of Christian art: Mosaic, Greek literature
East and West Constantinople Christianity, Council of Nicea, archivolt
Roman Empire Bureaucratic government: active role from the emperor Sant-Aplollinare Nuovo
476 AD. Byzantine: behind the scene, St. John Studios
End of the Western complexity Marble transenna or screen
Empire
527-565 AD. Justinian Largest empire, Justinian Code Volts, Dome Basilica
1st Golden Age Pendentive architecture:
Cathedral of Saint Sophia
610-641 AD. Heraclius Greek fire, Silk, Ivory carving: Barberini
Ivory,
jewelry making,
726-843 AD. Emperor Leo the Isaurian: Persian Educated woman
Iconoclastic threat,
Controversy
900-1200 AD. Agriculture, Industrial, Official language: Greek, St. Mark in Venice
Second Golden Age International trade, Religion: Greek Orthodox Icon picture
1071 AD. Seljuks invasion: Battle Church, Patriarch Paris Psalter(Psalms of
of Manzikurt 1054 AD :Greek Orthodox David)
1096-1099 AD. Separation
First Crusade
1200-1 453 AD. 1204-1261 AD.
Ottoman Turk Crusade invasion
invasion 1453 AD: End of the empire,
Sultan Mehmet II renovated the
city and renamed it to Istanbul

17. Homwork
• Table for high and later middle ages (10th to
15th century)

18. Exam Amazing Points
• How do geography affect civilization? Location effect to your business? Already talked
about this many times even in the review lecture!
• Know the countries and sea but wrong river? Nile river is in Europe?
– Greek and pyramid?
– Indus and Parthenon? We already mentioned Parthenon in the multiple choice and
you wrote with Indus civilization?
– Know Parthenon in short answer but answered incorrectly in multiple choice?
• Are you Buddhist?
• Basilicas instead of ziggurats? Shouldn’t you confuse between ziggurat and pyramid?
• Logical reasoning:
– Blank?
– It’s old? Long time?
– Medicine? Then…what civilization is the father of medicine?