1. WK4 Agenda
• What’s the heritage that these ancient
civilizations gave us?
• Who am I? Exercise
• Lecture Greek and Roman
• Exam Next Week
• Instant homework grading (WK3)
• Ancient Rome, Video

2. Ancient World Discussion
• How did these civilizations develop?
• Did you see the pattern?
– From the beginning to the end
– What influenced what?
– What caused what?
• What are the similarities or differences that you’ve seen?
• What’s the heritage they left for us?
– Mesopotamia
– Egypt
– India
– China
– Greek
– Roman: What are the phrases related to the Roman?

3. Ancient Europe
Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Literature,
Greek Society Philosophy, Religion Sculpture, Drama
Technology Architecture
6000 BCE Started agriculture in Greece , Crete and Danube river, House made of rocks
Fishermen settled in Lepenski Vir 3000-1500 BCE Wood
henges, Stonehenge
1900 BCE Minoans on King Minos (Myth: Son of Zeus&Europa); Zeus, Apollo, Mars Palace@Knossos,
Crete island 1700 BCE Earthquake Worship mother goddess Frescoes, Griffins ,
1450 BCE End of Minoan period, Mycenaean invasion 1650 BCE: Picture writing, Linear A , Extreme sport: Bull
pottery, leaping
2000 BCE Mycenaean Feudal system Olympian gods, Linear B, Pottery Pylos Palace, Shaft
on Peloponnesus Trade with Egypt and Italy Graves, Tholos, Lion
island 1250 BCE War@Troy(Turkey) to bring Helen back from Prince Paris Gate
1100-800 BCE Difficult time, devote time to cultivate food
Dark Age Oligarchies: government by the few
Hoplites military
800-500 BCE Archaic 508 BCE Democracy in Athens, Direct Democracy, Council Olympian gods: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon Polis, Acropolis, Theater:
500 BCE Classical Age; of 500, Ostracism if get more than 6,000 vote out 776 BCE 1st Olympic: Celebrate Zeus Agora Tragedy ,
Hellenic 490-479 BCE Persian War (Marathon) ( running, chariot racing, boxing, 447-438 BCE Comedy(for
Athens sand Sparta 461-429 BCE Pericles King of Athens wrestling etc.) Natural Philosophy: Parthenon, Dionysus
Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta end this 585 BCE: Thales, 582 -507BCE: Erectheum, God),
period Pythagoras, 469-399 BCE: Socrates, Doric, Ionic, Homer: Iliad
Sparta: Council of the elders, all men must be soldiers and 469-399 BCE: Plato, 387-322 : Corinthian and Odyssey
strong women Aristotle (Alexander’s teacher) Kouros: free Epic
standing statues
338 BCE Philip II of Macedonia conquered Greece 495-425
Hellenistic Alexander ruled Greece and expanded his empire (died at 33 Built Alexandria in Egypt, Geography, BCE:
336-323 BCE after withdrawn his troop from India) Astrology, Mathematics, Physics Herodotus
Antigonas: Greece, Ptolemy: Egypt, Seceucus: Seleucid 341-351 BCE: Epicurus
323-281 BCE Empire 287-213 BCE: Archimedes
146 BCE Greece became part of the Roman empire

4. Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Philosophy, Religion Art: Painting, Sculpture, Literature,
Roman Society Technology Architecture Drama
Ancient Europe (Roman)
753 BCE-509 BCE Rome, city state on Tiber river, paterfamilias: guided by Worship Vesta, Jupiter, City planning,
Monarchy the father, Aristocratic patricians and disenfranchised brick house with tile roof, Etruscan
Etruscan Plebeians alphabet, Roman numerals
509 BCE: Expelled Tarquin the Proud, the last Etruscan
King: Rome became to Republic
509 BCE-31 BCE Early Republic Worship Jupiter, Aphrodite, Venus, Road,, Barrel and cross Cicero:
Republic System of representatives and a separation of powers, and etc. Added cult during the Punic vault, dome, collection of
Plebeians set up Assembly of Tribes and have 10 tribune war such as Isis(promised Amphitheatres, Corinthian letters ,
in in the senate; law of the 12 tables immortality), Cybele(mother goddess) style and Public library, Virgil: Aeneid
Middle republic Latin as the official language: root of Fresco, Base relief, , story of
264-241 BCE Punic War: with Carthage romance language: Italian, French, Roman
219-202 BCE Second Punic War: General Hannibal Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian ancestor
invaded Italy, Romanized other people Caesar revised the calendar to have Julius Caesar:
Political Structure: Province into civitas: Bordeaux, Lyon 365 days so July: Julius Commentarie
Mare Nostrum: Our sea Roman Epicureanism: Lucretius: On s on the Gallic
Late Republic: Ruled by oligarchy patrician families the Nature of Things: explained the War
149-146 BCE Third Punic War: end of Carthage universe
44-31 BCE Civil War: Julius Caesar(Veni, Vidi, Vici) was Stoic philosophy of Cicero
assassinated by Brutus in 44 BCE High engineering technique
31 BCE-AD 284 31 BCE-AD 193: Pax Romana, prosperous time Stoic philosophy influenced Roman Law: Pantheon, Seneca:
Pax Romana: 5 27 BCE Octavian or Augustus the 1st Emperor: Imperator AD Civil Law, Law of the people and Natural Gladiator in Colosseum, Letters on
Emperors 79 Volcano eruption at Pompeii, Law Bath of Caracalla, Morality
AD 117 Trajan Emperor: Largest Empire, disciplined Natural Law: God created the law, which Aqueduct Galen:
military: century, cohort, legion covered everyone and every state equally medical
Civil War AD 193-AD284 Civil War: Germanic tribe invasion, plague Support justice and rights encyclopedia,
blood
AD 284 Two Capital Cities General Diocletian:East; General Created concrete circulation
AD 284-AD 312 Maximain: West Pantomimes:
Empire Period AD 312 Constantine reunited both East and West: move the AD 58 -60 Paul (Jesus disciple) came to dance with
capital to Byzantium: Constantinople Rome music but no
Constantine made Christian a legal dialogue
religion
AD 370 Huns invasion; 391 Theodosius announce that Christian
AD 395 Separated the two cities permanently, is Rome official religion
Decline AD 410-AD 455 War with Visigoths, War with Vandals
AD476 Visigoths leader: Odoacer ended the Western Roman
empire

5. Greek Civilization
• Minoan=>Mycenaean=>Dark Age=>Archaic Age=>Hellenic(Classic Age)=>Hellenistic
• Minoan Civilization, Crete: Early (3000)=>Middle(2280)=>High Minoan (Knossos destroyed)
• Mycenaean Civilization, Peloponnesus: Arrived on Greek (1900)=>Ruled Greek
peninsula(1500)=>Trojan War(fall of Troy 1250)=>Dark Age (1100-800) Beginning of Archaic Age

6. Minoan Civilization
• King Minos
• Palace at Knosos
• Impressive plumbing and
drainage system
• Complex layout of rooms
and passageway
• Frescoes: paint apply
directly on wet plaster
• Linear A writing: still
undeciphered
• Peaceful: how do we
know that they lived
peacefully?
• What did they put in that
big jar?

7. Mycenaean Civilization
• Feudal system
• Trade with Egypt and Italy
• Aggressive Warrior: from Southern
Russian
• Shaft graves: Mycenaean Gold Death
Mask of Agamenmnon; Tholos
• Lion Gate: 4 gigantic blocks (posts and
a beam) Cyclopean
• War at Troy
• Linear B
• Iliad: the battle at Troy
• Odyssey: After the fall of Troy Odyssey
(the Greek Warrior) wandered in
adventure home to marry Penelope
who waited for him in Ithaca.

8. Hellenic
• Democracy in Athens, Direct Democracy, Council of 500, Ostracism 6,000
• 490-479 BCE Persian War (Marathon), run 20 miles to tell the good news
• 461-429 BCE Pericles King of Athens
• Peloponnesian War (27 years) between Athens and Sparta end this period
• Sparta: Council of the elders, Ephor, All men must be soldiers and strong women

9. Hellenic
•Polis: city state
•Acropolis: hill top where the ruler
resided
•Agora: market, open area for
politicians and citizens
•Worship Olympian gods: Zeus, Hera,
Poseidon, Apollo etc.
•776 BCE 1st Olympic: Celebrate Zeus
( running, chariot racing, boxing,
wrestling etc.)
•Theater: for Dionysus God
–Tragedy
•Mortals cannot escape pain
and sorrow
•Basic human issues
•Royal family
–Comedy
•Political criticism

10. Archaic Age Philosophers
• Thales 585 BCE: founder of philosophic
materialism: The fundamental substance was
water. What do you think?
• Pythagoras 580-507 BCE: founder of
philosophic idealism: Everything is made of
numbers or mathematical relationships
explained the basic order in nature. What do
you think?

11. Hellenic Philosophers
• Socrates 469-399 BCE: Knowledge is virtue. Nobody intentionally did the
wrong thing. What do you think? Sound familiar? What did Confucius say?
• What did Buddha say? หริโอตัปปะ?
• Plato 469-399 BCE: Dualism: Material World, Subjective Reality vs.
Absolute reality (Forms and Idea): Body and Soul (desire, feeling, and
rationale) True virtue must consist of rationale apprehension of goodness
and justice.
• Aristotle 387-322 : (Alexander’s teacher): Natural world is the only world.
Form and matter are of equal important--sound mind in a happy body;
Find truth through analysis, elimination, and synthesis-- nothing too much.
No TQM?
• Omitted: Democritus (The Atomists), The Sophists, etc.

12. Hellenic
• 447-438 BCE Parthenon for
Athena
– Pentelic marble
– Flutes
– Temple, Church, Mosque, and
ammunitions depot
• Erectheum for Erectheus (Athen
hero)
• Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
• Kouros, Kore: free standing
statues

13. Hellenistic
• Philip II of Macedonia conquered Greece
• Alexander ruled Greece and expanded his empire (died at 33 after
withdrawn his troop from India)
• Antigonas: Greece, Ptolemy: Egypt, Seceucus: Seleucid Empire
• Greece became part of the Roman empire

14. Hellenistic
• City of Alexandria
• 495-425 BCE: Herodotus: historian
• 341-351 BCE: Epicurus
• Only the atoms and void exist; pleasure is the
• highest good; death is final in its extinction of
consciousness; gods play no active role in
human affairs
• 287-213 BCE: Archimedes
– Eureka, specific gravity for gold vs. silver

15. Roman Civilization
•Romulus and Remus on Tiber River myth
•City state on Tiber river, paterfamilias: guided by the father, Aristocratic
patricians and disenfranchised plebeians
•509 BCE: Expelled Tarquin, the last Etruscan King: Rome became to
Republic with the Senate House, 2 consuls mange the senate

16. Roman Civilization
•Early Republic
•System of representatives and a separation of
powers, Plebeians set up Assembly of Tribes
and have 10 tribune in in the senate; law of
the 12 tables
•Religion:
–Resembled Greek but more political
–To protect the state from its enemies
•Morality
–Brave
–Honor
–Self-discipline

17. Roman Civilization
Mare Nostrum: Our sea
•264-241 BCE Punic War: with
Carthage (Carthaginian expansion in
Sicily).
•219-202 BCE Second Punic War:
General Hannibal from Carthage
invaded Italy
•149-146 BCE Third Punic War: end of
Carthage
•44-31 BCE Civil War: Julius Caesar
–Pompey
–Over Asia Minor: I came, I saw, I
conquered
–Back to Rome, dictator for 10 years
–Assassinated by Brutus in 44 BCE
•Late Republic: Ruled by oligarchy
patrician families
•What’s the effect of wars to the
social and economy?

18. Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)
• 31 BCE-AD 193: Pax Romana,
prosperous time
• 27 BCE Octavian or Augustus
the 1st Emperor: Imperator
– Caesar’s nephew
– Allied with Mark Antony and
Lipidus
– Go West and later defeated
Antony and Cleopatra
– He found Rome a city of brick and
left it a city of marble.
• High engineering technique
• AD 79 Volcano eruption at
Pompeii

19. Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)
• AD 117 Trajan Emperor: Largest
Empire
– disciplined military: century, cohort,
legion
– 11 aqueducts from mountains to cities
– Forum, column, market
• AD 193-AD284 Civil War:
Germanic tribes invasion, plague
• AD 284 Two Capital Cities:
– General Diocletian: East
– General Maximain: West
• AD 312 Constantine reunited both
East and West
– In Hog Signo Vinces: In this sign conquer
– move the capital to Byzantium:
Constantinople
– Christian is a legal religion
• Books
– Seneca: Letters on Morality
– Galen: medical encyclopedia, blood
circulation

20. Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)

21. Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)
• Stoic philosophy influenced Roman Law: Civil Law, Law of the
people and Natural Law
• Natural Law: God created the law, which covered everyone and
every state equally (supportting justice and rights)

22. Roman Civilization (Decline)
• Turning point in AD 284
• German attacks
• Internal causes: no clear law of
succession led to civil war
• Economic causes: slave and
manpower shortage
• Edward Gibbon: triumph of
Christianity
• AD 370 Huns invasion
• 391 Theodosius announce that
Christian is Rome official religion
• Visigoths leader: Odoacer ended
the Western Roman empire

23. Roman Civilization (architechtures)
• Arch, barrel and cross
vault
• Dome
• Amphitheatres
• Corinthian column
• What is Roman
architecture style?

24. Homework
• Prepare for the Ancient World exam
• Movie club
• Start thinking about your art work and project.