5. Types of muscle tissue
– The basis of the classifications is as
follows:
» DEPENDING UPON THE PRESENCE OR
ABSENCE OF STRIATIONS.
» DEPENDING UPON THE CONTROL AND
» DEPENDING UPON THE FUNCTION.
9. MUSCLES ATTACHMENTS
Fleshy Attachments
• They have muscle cells ending close to the
periosteum .
Tendon Attachments
• They are tough, flexible, cable like
concentrations of the collagen fibers
10. Aponeuroses and
Septa
• They are flattened extensions of thin
concentration.
Raphae
• Interdigitation of tendinous ends.
11. Forms of Striated muscles also vary
according to situation and function.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Strap like (Flat)
Sternohyoid
Fusiform (Bellied)
Digastrics
Fan shaped (Triangular) Temporalis
Unipennate (Feather like)
Bipennate
Temporalis
Multipennate
Masseter
Sphincter (Circular)
Orbicularis oris
12.
13. Differences in design
depends on
1. Surface of bone available for muscle
attachment.
2. Speed of contraction.
3. Range of movement.
4. Force of contraction.
14. Actions of muscles
Muscles move parts only by pulling
them. Musculoskeletal apparatus is
designed in opposing system.
Agonists: They act together to pull in a
given direction.
Antagonists: They pull in the opposite
direction to bring parts back to the
original position.
28. Other muscles which help in
mastication
Buccinator
Depressor anguli oris
Levator anguli oris
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
48. • Myasthenia:
Myasthenia constitutes a group of disease where there
is basic disorder of muscle excitability and contractility
and include
1. Myasthenia gravis.
2. Familial periodic paralysis
3. Aldosteronism
Etiology:
• Etiology is defect in neuromuscular transmission. It
appears that the fault is in acetylcholine mechanism,
the motor end organ being normal.
49. Clinical features
• Rapidly developing weakness in voluntarily
muscles.
• Difficulty in mastication
• Deglutition, and dropping of the jaws.
• Speech is slow and slurred.
• Disturbance in taste sensation occurs in some
patients.
50. • Diplopia and ptosis, along with the dropping
of the face lend to the sorrowful appearance
to the patient
• Death frequently occurs from respiratory
failure.
51. Treatment and prognosis
• Drug of choice is physostigmine, an anti
cholinesterase, No permanent cure for the
disease is known.
52. APPLIED ANATOMY
INFECTIONS OF SPECIFIC TISSUE SPACES
• Tissues spaces or facial spaces, are potential
spaces situated between planes of fascia which
form natural pathways along which infection
may spread, producing a cellulitis, or within
which infection become localized with actual
abscess formation.
55. TRISMUS
• Trismus is limited opening of the joint.
• Causes: Odontogenic Acute infectionPericoronitis, Lugwid’s, Submasseteric space and
Infra temporal space.
• Chronic infections- Tuberculous, osteomyelitis
of ramus /body of mandible.
58. BRUXISM
Its the clenching or
grinding of the teeth when
the individual is not
chewing or swallowing.
T/t : Regulate (Control the
habit)
59. MYOFACIAL PAIN DYSFUNCTION
SYNDROME- MPDS
• MPDS is a pain disorder, in which unilateral
pain is referred from the trigger points in
myofacial structures, to the muscles of head
and neck.
• Pain is constant, dull ache in contract to the
sudden sharp, shooting, intermittent pain of
neuralgias (chronic pain).
60. TREATMENT FOR MPDS
• REMOVE – EXTRACT
• RESHAPE – GRIND
• REPOSITION – ORTHOGNATHIC
SURGERY
• RESTORE- ENDODONTIC THERAPY
• REPLACE – PROSTHESIS
• RECONSTRUCT- TMJ SURGERY
• REGULATE – CONTROL HABIT AND
SYMPTOMS
61. References
•
•
•
•
•
•
Williams .P. et al Gray’s Anatomy -38th edition 1995.
Chaurasia B.D. Head and Neck- II volume 4th edition.
I B Singh , Human Embryology– 6th edition
Mc Minn, Last’s Anatomy – 8th edition.
Shafer et al, Text book of oral pathology- – 5th edition.
Malik .N, Text book of oral and maxillofacial surgery1st edition.
• Burkett, Text book of oral medicine- 4th edition
• William R Proffit , Henry Fields, David
Sarver.Contemporary Orthodontics 4th ed
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