These organizations - known at the UN as "non-governmental organizations" or "NGOs" - are often the most effective voices for the concerns of ordinary people .
2. WORLD BANK NGO DEFINITION
“Private Organizations that pursue activities to relieve
suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect
the environment, provide basic social services, or
undertake community development.”
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3. NGO’s
Dramatic Growth
beginning in 2d half of 20th Century
Over the past several decades, NGOs have
become major players in all international
relief efforts, development, cause advocacy,
and in advancing the concept of a “global
civil society”
Billions of dollars spent annually on relief and
sustainable development programs
2005 earthquake in Pakistan
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4. WHY THE DRAMATIC GROWTH IN NGOs
Negative Perception of the Welfare State
Development Crisis
Perceived Global Environmental Crisis
Discrediting of Socialism
Communications Revolution
Global Economic Growth
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5. NGOs
Overview
NGOs Play a Key Role in Humanitarian Assistance and
Development
NGOs are the Rapid Response element for humanitarian
disasters all over the world
“Foot Soldiers” for International relief efforts
Military in Peace Support Operations will have to work with
NGOs
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6. HUMANITARIAN CRISIS RESPONSE
ELEMENTS
United Nations System (Agencies)
Official National Donor Government Aid Agencies
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
International and National NGOs
Coalition Military Forces
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7. GOAL IS: UNITY OF EFFORT
Achieved Through:
Consensus
Coordination
Cooperation
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8. UNITY
OF EFFORT
Must Be Achieved While Recognizing:
Different Cultures of Response
Elements
Disparate Assessments
Different Missions & Tasks In Crisis
Diverse Goals
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9. NGOs--WHAT THEY ARE NOT
Not Governments…
Not Businesses...
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10. ANOTHER DEFINITION OF AN NGO
“A Self-Governing Private, Not For Profit Organization That
Is Geared Toward Improving The Quality Of Life Of
Disadvantaged People”
Refugees - Kosovo
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11. NGO TYPES
The term NGO is very broad and
encompasses many different types of
organizations
Advocacy NGOs
Operational NGOs
Relief
Development
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12. ADVOCACY NGOs
•Their primary purpose is to defend or
promote a specific cause and to influence
policies and practices
•Examples: Amnesty International and the
Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC)
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13. OPERATIONAL NGOs
Their primary purpose is field work in
humanitarian relief and design, development
and implementation of development related
projects.
Operational NGOs are the one’s the military
must work with in a cooperative relationship in a
PSO
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14. NGOs IN HUMANITARIAN CRISES
Provide Life Saving Interventions
Food Distribution
Shelter
Water
Sanitation
Medical Care
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15. OPERATIONAL NGOs
ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS
Headquarters in one Country (ICRC)
Many Autonomous National Chapters (Save the
Children)
Many National Fund Raising Offices, Pooled Funds,
With A Single World-Wide Field Organization (World
Vision)
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16. OPERATIONAL NGOs
ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS
(cont.)
Autonomous National Headquarters with Field
Organization. Work Assigned by Central
International Organization (CARE)
Field Work Done Only Through Indigenous Local
NGOs (Oxfam America)
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17. NGO “CULTURE”
SURVEY QUESTION:
Why Work In Relief/Development?
Altruistic—Concern for Others
Financial ---Make Money
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18. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES
NGO
MILITARY
Controlled Application of
Violence
Hierarchical
Generally Conservative
Explicit Mission Statements
Not Comfortable With
NGOs
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Help The Disadvantaged
Non-Hierarchical
Generally Liberal
Intangible Missions
Not Comfortable With The
Military
19. NGO “CULTURE”
Typical Western NGO:
Young & Idealistic
Liberal Arts Degree
Believes in Sustainable Development
Little Formal Operational Doctrine
Few Formal Training Courses
Significant Organizational Competition
Increasing Security Concerns
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20. VOLUNTARY CODE OF CONDUCT
FOR RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS
Humanitarian Imperative Comes First
Aid Is Given Regardless of Race, Creed or
Nationality on the Basis of Need Alone
Aid Will Not Be Used To Further a Particular
Political or Religious Standpoint
We Shall Endeavor Not To Act As Instruments of
Government Foreign Policy
We Shall Respect Culture & Custom
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21. VOLUNTARY CODE OF CONDUCT
(cont.)
Build Disaster Response On Local Capacities
Involve Program Beneficiaries In The Management of
Relief Aid
Reduce Future Vulnerabilities As Well As Meet Basic
Needs
NGOs Accountable Both To Beneficiaries & Contributors
Disaster Victims Are Dignified Humans, Not Hopeless
Objects
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23. UNITED NATIONS AND NGOs
UN Charter
Articles 63 and 64
Article 71
UN General Assembly Resolution
43/131
Importance of NGOs
States to Facilitate Work of NGOs
States to Support to NGOs
Cooperation With Humanitarian
Assistance Organizations Set Up by UN
Security Council Chapter 7 Authority to
Authorize NGO Humanitarian Relief
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24. RISKS TO NGOs &
HUMANITARIAN AID WORKERS
Dangerous Environment
1994 Safety Convention – Not Solution
Safety Needs – Acceptance, Protection & Deterrence
Safety Aids – Information, Planning, Training,
Coordination, Psychological Assistance
Security Council Responsibilities
When to Go / When to Stay
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25. NGO STRENGTHS (World Bank Study)
Strong grassroots links
Field based development expertise
Ability to innovate and adapt
Process oriented approach to development
Participatory methodologies and tools
Long-term commitment and emphasis on
sustainability
Cost effectiveness
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26. CRITICISM OF NGOs
Have Lost Their Independence--Just Another Arm Of
Governments
Too Close To The Corporate World
Fund Raising Is Their Primary Concern
Excessive Living Standards In The Midst Of Poverty
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27. FIELD COOPERATION MECHANISMS
Coordination Lead Designated by UN
Humanitarian Operations Coordinating
Committees (HOCCs)
On-Site Operations Coordinating Centers
(OSOCC)
Civil Military Operations Centers (CMOC)
Civil Military Integration Centers (CIMIC)
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28. SUMMARY
Many Participants in Peace Operation
NGOs Play A Key Role In Humanitarian Assistance
Absolutely Necessary To:
UNDERSTAND THE “PLAYERS”
COORDINATION MECHANISMS
PURSUE UNITY OF EFFORT BY EMPHASIZING:
COOPERATION-COORDINATION-CONSENSUS
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