The document discusses water pollution in India. It outlines various sources of water pollution including agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides, industrial and domestic waste, and mining waste. This pollution poses hazards such as increased nutrients causing algal blooms and fish kills, contamination with chemicals and pathogens harming public health. Remedial measures discussed include preventing pollution, treating sewage, reducing agricultural chemical use, maintaining drainage, and scientifically examining water quality and contamination levels. The presentation aims to raise awareness about water pollution impacts and solutions.

1. The Contamination of water with
undesirable substances which make it
unfit for usage is termed water Pollution .
WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES
Presented By :
Aby Benz
Shibi Joy
Dept. Of Physics

2. WATER POLLUTION
GLOBAL IMPACTS
Oceans are polluted by oil spills.
 Nuclear wastes disposed from nuclear plants.
 Warm water dumping from thermal plant
 Oil mining leakage causes fatal damages
coral-reef
 Disappearance of crustaceans
 Sediments from construction sites...
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3. WATER POLLUTION
DOMESTIC IMPACT
Chalakudy, Periyar, Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Pamba and
Achenkovil indicacates major bacteriological pollution due to
dumping of waste,bathing & discharge of effluents
 Ground water quality is affected by chemical & biological
contaminents . About 60% of population relies on ground water.
 Ground water exploitation & contamination by industries &
multi-nation co-operates reported from Kochi, Palakad,
Kollam, Kannur
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4. WATER POLLUTION
By Agricultural Sector
HAZARDS
 Fertizing or manure spreading – Nutrient run-off, phosphorus
leading to eutrophication, algal growth, fish kills, seepage to
groundwater, nitrate in wells
 Pesticides run-off- contamination of surface water and biota,
dysfunction of ecosystems, loss of top predators, public health
impact
 Livestock corrals, contamination of surface water with bacteria,
viruses, antibiotics

5. By Agricultural Sector
WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS
 Irrigation- run-off of salts, salinization, fertilizers,
pesticides leading to ecosystem damage
 Clear cutting, erosion, high turbidity, siltation, higher rate of run-off
 Silviculture, erosion and sedimentation problems
 Aquaculture, release of high levels of nutrients,
serious eutrophication

6. WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS
Industrial sector (400 mill tons per year – 70% not treated
By Industrial sector
in developing countries)
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Microbiological contaminants, bacteria, viruses
Chemicals e.g. solvents, organic and inorganic pesticides, PCBs
Metals, lead, mercury, zinc, copper
Nutrients
Particulates and sediments
Warm effluents
Pharmaceuticals

7. WATER POLLUTION
Mining & domestic wastes
HAZARDS
 Acid drainage (pH 2-3) – Colorado State 23,000 abandone
mines have polluted 2,300 km of stream
 Waste material as by products
 Materials used in extraction or processing (e.g. mercury)
 House holdwastes such as garbages,sewage ,effuent etc
 Septic tank over flows & improper disposal septic wastes

8. WATER POLLUTION
HUMAN IMPACT
Biological hazards :
 Cholera , Ameobiasis, Dysentery, Diarrhoea
Hepatitis A
Malaria
Polio
Chemical hazards :
 Lead poisoning
Arsenic Posoning
Flurosis
 Trachoma
Arsenic poisoning
Severe flouride effects
Trachoma
Schistosomiasis

9. WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Difference b/w evil cycle and good cycle
The Good Circle
The Evil Circle
High Nutrients
Low Nutrients
Manyplanktivors
Few planktivors
Few predators
Many predators
Few zooplankton
Many zooplankton
Murkywater
Clear water
Many planktonic algae
Few planktonic algae
No vegetation
Vegetation

10. WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Remedial measure can be adopted in two steps :
Prevention of water pollution sources & conversion of the
sources to other uses .( Bio-gas, Bio-tec )
2. Reduction of contaminants from the water sources in a
sustainable way
1.
Sewage treatment process
Bore well construction

11. 1. Prevention
WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
 Drainage systems should be well maintained and disposed .
 Medical wastes & hospital sewages should be eco-friendly disposed
 Usage of super bugs to reduce the oil contents over oceans
 Reduce the bore well usage which exploits ground water
 Awareness program should be periodically scheduled .
 Scientific usage of chemical fertilizers & pesticides
 Adopt scientific methods to destruct nuclear wastes
Mosquito eradication
Sewage treatment plant

12. 2. Reduction
WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
For the reduction process water quality & contaminants has to be identified .
HACH TEST KIT - SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION
Sampling
– Labbakadavu region, Muvattupuzha
Adimali, region ,Idukki
Objectives
 Constituents that can be toxic to biota & intense of contamination
 Changes in levels of pH
 Record Levels of fluoride, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron
 Changes in temperature

13. WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES
References
 Manorama online
 Manorama Year book 2013 & 14
 State of Environmental and
Related issues (kerenvis.nic.in)

14. WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES
Thank You
“Lets do our part and pray for better tomorrow”